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Artificial White Blood Cell
Artificial White Blood Cell

... The Big Idea • Our engineered cells will “explode” when they detect a “bad” cell, killing both itself and the nearby bad cell. • The “explosion” is a sudden burst of H2O2, similar to a neutrophil’s oxidative burst. • The bad cell will be detected when it attempts to conjugate with our cell. This ens ...
Human pluripotent stem cells
Human pluripotent stem cells

... human PSC-derived cardiomyocytes as in vitro models of incompletely understood monogenic diseases, such as channelopathies and cardiomyopathies [4–9]. Moreover, if these cells are to advance to eventual clinical applications, a number of major hurdles must be overcome including graft cell death, imm ...
A Mutation Story - Harrison High School
A Mutation Story - Harrison High School

... Watch the 4 minute video called “ Mutation Story” to learn some background information for today’s lab. Answer the following questions: 1. What causes Malaria? 2. What carries this and infects humans? 3. What does malaria do to red blood cells in a human? 4. What causes Sickle Cell Anemia? 5. What i ...
Peromyscus polionotus (the monogamous mouse)
Peromyscus polionotus (the monogamous mouse)

... numbers in a dedifferentiated state, and then drive them – in a controlled fashion! – to differentiate into a specific cell type. Note: in this context, “incomparably” means “the difference between essentially impossible and feasible.” MCB 140, 09/26/07 42 ...
Additional file 4 - Springer Static Content Server
Additional file 4 - Springer Static Content Server

... the AAA, AAB, ABB, and BBB genotypes. Earlier microarrays that only quantified total genomic sites compared to all sites could not identify 69,XXX triploid cells. Sequencers that record the relative number of each nucleotide location among the total also reveal these results. ...
Cloning, Stem-Cell Research, and the Bible
Cloning, Stem-Cell Research, and the Bible

... Proponents of human cloning argue that this would be a worthwhile scientific endeavor for at least four reasons. First, cloning could provide an alternative way of reproduction. An article on human cloning in Time magazine interviewed one person who said, “I wouldn’t mind being the first person clon ...
Molecular mechanisms underlying female sex determination
Molecular mechanisms underlying female sex determination

... into meiosis. Thus, RSPO1 and WNT4 can influence XX germ cell development, their maintenance and entering into meiosis. Wnt4 is down-regulated in the ovary close to 14.5 dpc, which impairs redirection of $-catenin to the cell membrane and thus alters germ cell adhesion. It is required for entering i ...
Regional DNA Hypermethylation at D17S5
Regional DNA Hypermethylation at D17S5

... seen in the tumors which have lost I7p alÃ-eles(Fig. 2), indicated by hybridization at >20 kilobases, and no other lower-molecular-weight bands. Samples 3-5 have hybridization at >20 kilobases but also exhibit abnormal bands of 8.0 kilobases. Samples 6-K) exhibit hypermethylated Noti fragments betwe ...
The Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor KRP2
The Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor KRP2

... and M-phase–specific heterodimeric protein complexes, consisting of a catalytic subunit, the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), and a regulatory cyclin subunit. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Drosophila melanogaster, transition from the mitotic cell cycle into the endoreduplication cycle has been sugg ...
predominant expression of at cell receptor v,6 gene subfamily
predominant expression of at cell receptor v,6 gene subfamily

... Immunization with the autoantigen myelin basic protein (MBP)' causes experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) (1), an autoimmune disease mediated by antigen-specific class II-restricted T lymphocytes (1, 2). Recent studies have shown that MBP-specific T cell clones mediate EAE, causing relapsin ...
Abstract/Session Information for Program Number 1264
Abstract/Session Information for Program Number 1264

... conserved GATA domain binding sites in the RUNX2 promoter. Because TRPS1 is the only GATA domain transcription factor known to function in skeletogenesis, we analyzed its expression pattern during mouse embryonic development. Interestingly, Trps1 is expressed in skeletal regions where Runx2 needs to ...
lecture notes
lecture notes

... of the embryo that form the neurogenic ectoderm. This tissue ultimately produces the central nervous system of the adult fly. In principle, both high and low levels of the Dorsal gradient can activate Sog expression in both the mesoderm and neurogenic ectoderm. However, the Sog enhancer contains bin ...
Inhibition of Transdifferentiation into Tracheary Elements by Polar
Inhibition of Transdifferentiation into Tracheary Elements by Polar

... inhibitors may prevent auxin efflux and consequently promote NAA accumulation in Zinnia cells. The excess intracellular NAA may also activate NAA metabolism, resulting in a decrease in free NAA levels. This depletion of free NAA may prevent TE differentiation. The decreased auxin activity in NPA-tre ...
Looping versus linking: toward a model for long
Looping versus linking: toward a model for long

... the direct binding over the entire domain of a complex made up of SIR proteins, and is associated with histone hypoacetylation. Similar nucleation and spreading effects have been postulated to account in part for Polycomb-mediated gene silencing in Drosophila and for the silencing of genes located i ...
KAIE LOKK Comparative genome-wide DNA methylation
KAIE LOKK Comparative genome-wide DNA methylation

... state, thereby suggesting that a low concentration of methylated CpG sites in a promoter region may not be sufficient to influence gene activity (Weber et al., ...
Arabidopsis brassinosteroid biosynthetic mutantdwarf7
Arabidopsis brassinosteroid biosynthetic mutantdwarf7

... whole plants grown for 7 days in the light. Figure 6 shows the results. The expression levels of the two BR biosynthetic genes, DWF4 and BR6OX2, increased in the calli of both dwf7-1 and wild type (Figure 6). This demonstrates that the BR biosynthetic activity is generally upregulated in the callus ...
Responses to Editor
Responses to Editor

... that of Holstege et al4. The row “# ORFs” contains the number of different transcripts with expression levels in each experiment that are associated with the cellular compartment by crossreferencing with the localization databases. The row “75%” contains the expression value of the top quartile line ...
Bioreg2017_Replication3_V4
Bioreg2017_Replication3_V4

... Many mechanisms inhibit re-licensing and prevent re-initiation ...
- Repository of the Academy`s Library
- Repository of the Academy`s Library

... Plant Cell Reports March 2013, Volume 32, Issue 3, pp 339-348 doi.10.1007/s00299-012-1367-0 The final publication is available at link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00299-012-1367-0 ...
Micronuclei and the Cytoplasm of Growing Tetrahymena Contain a
Micronuclei and the Cytoplasm of Growing Tetrahymena Contain a

... refer to as "transcription-related" acetylation, is postsynthetic and affects all of the inner (non-H1) histones in transcriptionally active macronuclei. This system does not appear to exist in transcriptionally inactive micronuclei (Vavra et al., 1982; Chicoine and Allis, 1986). In contrast, a seco ...
The tale beyond the tail: histone core domain
The tale beyond the tail: histone core domain

... a highly conserved domain shown to be essential to the activity of all other histone lysine methyltransferases identified (57,58). Crystal structures have been determined for fragments of the human and yeast Dot1p enzymes revealing that they share some structural properties of the SET domain protein ...
Chapter 20
Chapter 20

... • Many epigenetic changes, such as acetylation of histones or methylation of DNA, must be reversed in the nucleus from a donor animal in order for genes to be expressed or repressed appropriately for early stages of development ...
gene transfer - Bio-Rad
gene transfer - Bio-Rad

... the cancer vaccines. Immunization is achieved by the introduction of DNA21 or mRNA58 into the skin, leading to the expression of the foreign antigen and subsequently the elicitation of an immune reaction. DNA vaccines forego many of the potential safety concerns related to the biological hazards inv ...
Gene Section BEX1 (brain expressed, X-linked 1) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
Gene Section BEX1 (brain expressed, X-linked 1) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics

... proteins in several different mouse tissues by western blot analysis (Koo et al., 2004). They used a polyclonal chicken antibody directed against a peptide common to the C-terminal region of mouse Bex1 and -2, which are 87% identical and 90% similar in amino acid sequences. They found that Bex1 and ...
Organization and dynamics of plant interphase chromosomes
Organization and dynamics of plant interphase chromosomes

... cereale) chromosomes or substitution of the equivalent rye or barley chromosome for the native wheat chromosome are available. Three-dimensional GISH imaging of intact tissues of hexaploid wheat carrying various different substitutions has demonstrated that the chromosomes are in a regular Rabl conf ...
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Epigenetics in stem-cell differentiation

Embryonic stem cells are capable of self-renewing and differentiating to the desired fate depending on its position within the body. Stem cell homeostasis is maintained through epigenetic mechanisms that are highly dynamic in regulating the chromatin structure as well as specific gene transcription programs. Epigenetics has been used to refer to changes in gene expression, which are heritable through modifications not affecting the DNA sequence.The mammalian epigenome undergoes global remodeling during early stem cell development that requires commitment of cells to be restricted to the desired lineage. There has been multiple evidence suggesting that the maintenance of the lineage commitment of stem cells are controlled by epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and regulation of ATP-dependent remolding of chromatin structure. Based on the histone code hypothesis, distinct covalent histone modifications can lead to functionally distinct chromatin structures that influence the fate of the cell.This regulation of chromatin through epigenetic modifications is a molecular mechanism that will determine whether the cell will continue to differentiate into the desired fate. A research study performed by Lee et al. examined the effects of epigenetic modifications on the chromatin structure and the modulation of these epigenetic markers during stem cell differentiation through in vitro differentiation of murine embryonic stem (ES) cells.
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