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DVD Check-out List - Center for Reproductive Biology
DVD Check-out List - Center for Reproductive Biology

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PDF

... degree of complementarity to their targets, and the scarcity of microRNA lossof-function phenotypes in plants implies that redundancy exists between microRNA family members. Now, two papers provide new insights into this redundancy and into microRNA-regulated shoot development in Arabidopsis. Elliot ...
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... genes and facilitate cell proliferation. However, as their expression patterns are different spatially and temporally, their biological functions are likely to be distinct. ES cell–specific miRNAs containing an ‘AAGUGC’ motif regulate multiple genes that inhibit the G1-S transition1. The gene encodi ...
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Epigenetics in stem-cell differentiation

Embryonic stem cells are capable of self-renewing and differentiating to the desired fate depending on its position within the body. Stem cell homeostasis is maintained through epigenetic mechanisms that are highly dynamic in regulating the chromatin structure as well as specific gene transcription programs. Epigenetics has been used to refer to changes in gene expression, which are heritable through modifications not affecting the DNA sequence.The mammalian epigenome undergoes global remodeling during early stem cell development that requires commitment of cells to be restricted to the desired lineage. There has been multiple evidence suggesting that the maintenance of the lineage commitment of stem cells are controlled by epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and regulation of ATP-dependent remolding of chromatin structure. Based on the histone code hypothesis, distinct covalent histone modifications can lead to functionally distinct chromatin structures that influence the fate of the cell.This regulation of chromatin through epigenetic modifications is a molecular mechanism that will determine whether the cell will continue to differentiate into the desired fate. A research study performed by Lee et al. examined the effects of epigenetic modifications on the chromatin structure and the modulation of these epigenetic markers during stem cell differentiation through in vitro differentiation of murine embryonic stem (ES) cells.
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