Glycolic acid production in the engineered yeasts Saccharomyces
... compounds such as ethanol are naturally converted into glyoxylate, which can further be converted into glycolic acid by metabolic engineering. Although the main function of the glyoxylate cycle is to ensure the availability of four carbon compounds by utilising two carbon substrates, the naturally e ...
... compounds such as ethanol are naturally converted into glyoxylate, which can further be converted into glycolic acid by metabolic engineering. Although the main function of the glyoxylate cycle is to ensure the availability of four carbon compounds by utilising two carbon substrates, the naturally e ...
MS#5_(Cueno and Laude).indd - Philippine Journal of Science
... of the coconut endosperm and, as seen in Figure 1, visible differences in terms of PCR band intensity were observed, we did expect sequence differences even in the 3’UTR. The major sequence difference between DCT1-5mo and DCT1-6mo transcripts is the 52 nt missing from DCT16mo transcripts (Table 1 an ...
... of the coconut endosperm and, as seen in Figure 1, visible differences in terms of PCR band intensity were observed, we did expect sequence differences even in the 3’UTR. The major sequence difference between DCT1-5mo and DCT1-6mo transcripts is the 52 nt missing from DCT16mo transcripts (Table 1 an ...
Thiamin (Vitamin B1): Beriberi
... • Involved in carbohydrate metabolism catalyzes synthesis or cleavage of bonds between carbonyl carbons •Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex •Citric Acid Cycle •Pentose Phosphate Pathway ...
... • Involved in carbohydrate metabolism catalyzes synthesis or cleavage of bonds between carbonyl carbons •Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex •Citric Acid Cycle •Pentose Phosphate Pathway ...
video slide
... 2. H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through channels in ATP synthase 3. ATP synthase uses the exergonic flow of H+ to drive phosphorylation of ATP • This is an example of chemiosmosis, the use of energy in a H+ gradient to drive cellular work Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. p ...
... 2. H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through channels in ATP synthase 3. ATP synthase uses the exergonic flow of H+ to drive phosphorylation of ATP • This is an example of chemiosmosis, the use of energy in a H+ gradient to drive cellular work Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. p ...
1. Introduction to Natural Products Chemistry
... Some comments on biosynthetic pathways: 6. The production of secondary metabolites depends on genetic and environmental factors. That is, secondary metabolites may be present in the organism in various amounts depending on the time of day or season, at particular stages of the organism’s life, or i ...
... Some comments on biosynthetic pathways: 6. The production of secondary metabolites depends on genetic and environmental factors. That is, secondary metabolites may be present in the organism in various amounts depending on the time of day or season, at particular stages of the organism’s life, or i ...
Vitamins - Univerzita Karlova v Praze
... delirium, paresis of the eye muscles, memory loss. Degeneration of the cardiovascular system. . Beri-beri causes long-term consumption of foods rich in carbohydrates but poor in thiamine - husked rice, white flour and refined sugar. ...
... delirium, paresis of the eye muscles, memory loss. Degeneration of the cardiovascular system. . Beri-beri causes long-term consumption of foods rich in carbohydrates but poor in thiamine - husked rice, white flour and refined sugar. ...
Energy coupling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
... not naturally occur in S. cerevisiae, has a slightly positive DG00 (+5 kJ mol1, Fig. 2), the actual ratio between the substrate and product concentrations enables a negative actual Gibbs free-energy change and thereby in vivo functioning of this reaction in several microorganisms (Stolz et al., 199 ...
... not naturally occur in S. cerevisiae, has a slightly positive DG00 (+5 kJ mol1, Fig. 2), the actual ratio between the substrate and product concentrations enables a negative actual Gibbs free-energy change and thereby in vivo functioning of this reaction in several microorganisms (Stolz et al., 199 ...
integumentary amino acid transport and metabolism in the apodous
... 1970). Because cellular amino acids of aquatic animals are involved in such a large number of biologically important processes, factors which affect the composition of the free amino acid pool and the concentrations of its individual amino acids may have profound effects upon the organism as a whole ...
... 1970). Because cellular amino acids of aquatic animals are involved in such a large number of biologically important processes, factors which affect the composition of the free amino acid pool and the concentrations of its individual amino acids may have profound effects upon the organism as a whole ...
Campbell`s Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration
... Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation This is one of the most challenging chapters for students to master. Many students become overwhelmed and confused by the complexity of the pathways, with the multitude of intermediate compounds, enzymes, and processes. The vast majority of the questio ...
... Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation This is one of the most challenging chapters for students to master. Many students become overwhelmed and confused by the complexity of the pathways, with the multitude of intermediate compounds, enzymes, and processes. The vast majority of the questio ...
Carbohydrates and the liver
... The vital role of the liver in supplying glucose for use mainly in the central nervous system during an overnight fast is regulated by insulin and glucagon. The low postabsorptive insulin levels reduce glycogen synthesis to very low rates and allow glucagon to stimulate GL, resulting in an increase ...
... The vital role of the liver in supplying glucose for use mainly in the central nervous system during an overnight fast is regulated by insulin and glucagon. The low postabsorptive insulin levels reduce glycogen synthesis to very low rates and allow glucagon to stimulate GL, resulting in an increase ...
Production of lactic acid using a new homofermentative
... .icispricing.com), lactic acid has the potential to become a very large volume, commodity-chemical intermediate (Bozell and Petersen, 2010). Lactic acid can be produced chemically using petrochemical feedstocks such as lactonitrile (Narayanan et al., 2004). However, the chemical synthesis produces a ...
... .icispricing.com), lactic acid has the potential to become a very large volume, commodity-chemical intermediate (Bozell and Petersen, 2010). Lactic acid can be produced chemically using petrochemical feedstocks such as lactonitrile (Narayanan et al., 2004). However, the chemical synthesis produces a ...
EFFECTS OF INSULIN DEFICIENCY ON EXERCISE
... the main nutrients. Its main function is to stimulate glucose uptake and disposal or utilization by the cells and thus to decrease blood glucose concentration. However, it also inhibits breakdown of proteins and lipids and promotes their synthesis. Type 1 diabetes is a disease in which insulin secre ...
... the main nutrients. Its main function is to stimulate glucose uptake and disposal or utilization by the cells and thus to decrease blood glucose concentration. However, it also inhibits breakdown of proteins and lipids and promotes their synthesis. Type 1 diabetes is a disease in which insulin secre ...
Examining Escherichia coli glycolytic pathways, catabolite
... NADH per glucose molecule [1], while OPPP serves as an oxidation route for NADPH synthesis. In E. coli, glucose metabolism mainly relies on the EMPP and the OPPP, while the EDP primarily remains inactive except during growth with gluconate [2]. The EDP utilizes only five enzymes to produce one pyruv ...
... NADH per glucose molecule [1], while OPPP serves as an oxidation route for NADPH synthesis. In E. coli, glucose metabolism mainly relies on the EMPP and the OPPP, while the EDP primarily remains inactive except during growth with gluconate [2]. The EDP utilizes only five enzymes to produce one pyruv ...
Early days of tRNA research: Discovery, function, purification and
... Research on tRNA and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases can be traced back to the mid-fifties when Mahlon Hoagland in Paul Zamecnik’s group (figure 1) working on the development of a cell free protein synthesis system from rat liver discovered an enzyme in the pH 5-insoluble fraction (pH 5 enzyme) which activ ...
... Research on tRNA and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases can be traced back to the mid-fifties when Mahlon Hoagland in Paul Zamecnik’s group (figure 1) working on the development of a cell free protein synthesis system from rat liver discovered an enzyme in the pH 5-insoluble fraction (pH 5 enzyme) which activ ...
Cell Respiration Review 1
... Anaerobic pathways do not use oxygen as the final (4) ________ acceptor that ultimately drives the ATPforming machinery. Anaerobic routes must be used by many bacteria and protistans that live in an oxygen-free environment. (5) ________ precedes any of the fermentation pathways. During glycolysis, a ...
... Anaerobic pathways do not use oxygen as the final (4) ________ acceptor that ultimately drives the ATPforming machinery. Anaerobic routes must be used by many bacteria and protistans that live in an oxygen-free environment. (5) ________ precedes any of the fermentation pathways. During glycolysis, a ...
Metabolic Responses to Cardiac Hypoxia
... when these precursors were present. The aminotransferase inhibitor, aminooxyacetate, reduced succinate production by hypoxic papillary muscles. This finding demonstrated a close relationship between transamination of amino acids and succinate production. In addition, it is suggested that anaerobic m ...
... when these precursors were present. The aminotransferase inhibitor, aminooxyacetate, reduced succinate production by hypoxic papillary muscles. This finding demonstrated a close relationship between transamination of amino acids and succinate production. In addition, it is suggested that anaerobic m ...
in women increases the capacity for fat oxidation during exercise
... Guelph, Ontario, Canada, 2Department of Sport Studies, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland; and 3Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Submitted 26 September 2006; accepted in final form 7 December 2006 ...
... Guelph, Ontario, Canada, 2Department of Sport Studies, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland; and 3Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Submitted 26 September 2006; accepted in final form 7 December 2006 ...
Amino Acids and Protein Digestibility and Metabolizable Energy
... and amino acid digestibility of barley. This study was modulated by a marker in 21-day old Arbor Acres chickens. Corn-soybean meal was used as a control diet and, in the other two treatments, barley (at a level of 40%) with and without enzyme as the test ingredient were supplemented to the basal die ...
... and amino acid digestibility of barley. This study was modulated by a marker in 21-day old Arbor Acres chickens. Corn-soybean meal was used as a control diet and, in the other two treatments, barley (at a level of 40%) with and without enzyme as the test ingredient were supplemented to the basal die ...
Mechanism of Succinyl
... reaction far towards product – Unfortunately the resulting citrate is a tertiary alcohol which cannot be readily oxidized ...
... reaction far towards product – Unfortunately the resulting citrate is a tertiary alcohol which cannot be readily oxidized ...
Threonine Metabolism via Two-carbon Compounds
... MgS04.7Hz0 and 4 g. carbon source made up to I 1. with glass-distilled water. Where carbon compounds contained no nitrogen, I g. (NH4)2S04was added. Growth on threonine was not enhanced by NH+4ions, and growth on glycine alone did not occur unless the inoculum had been grown initially on threonine m ...
... MgS04.7Hz0 and 4 g. carbon source made up to I 1. with glass-distilled water. Where carbon compounds contained no nitrogen, I g. (NH4)2S04was added. Growth on threonine was not enhanced by NH+4ions, and growth on glycine alone did not occur unless the inoculum had been grown initially on threonine m ...
Advantages of compound-specific stable isotope
... the root followed by the transport of released [15NH4]þ to the shoot would also lead to a relative enrichment of 13C in the root and therefore overestimate intact amino acid uptake in the root material (Fig. 1(C)). For glycine, there is yet a third mechanism through microbial metabolism via the glyc ...
... the root followed by the transport of released [15NH4]þ to the shoot would also lead to a relative enrichment of 13C in the root and therefore overestimate intact amino acid uptake in the root material (Fig. 1(C)). For glycine, there is yet a third mechanism through microbial metabolism via the glyc ...
Creation/Evolution - Geoscience Research Institute
... has passed into protein it cannot get out again. The transfer of information from nucleic acid to nucleic acid, or from nucleic acid to protein, may be possible, but transfer from protein to protein, or from protein to nucleic acid, is impossible. Information means here the precise determination of ...
... has passed into protein it cannot get out again. The transfer of information from nucleic acid to nucleic acid, or from nucleic acid to protein, may be possible, but transfer from protein to protein, or from protein to nucleic acid, is impossible. Information means here the precise determination of ...
Metabolic Flux Analysis on the Production of Poly(3 - Wiley-VCH
... recovery processes (Lee, 1996a,b; Choi et al., 1998; Choi and Lee, 1999a,b). Process design and economic analysis of SCL-PHA production by various bacteria have been reported, which provided the guidelines for designing an efficient means of PHA production (Choi and Lee, 1997, 1999c, 2000; Lee and C ...
... recovery processes (Lee, 1996a,b; Choi et al., 1998; Choi and Lee, 1999a,b). Process design and economic analysis of SCL-PHA production by various bacteria have been reported, which provided the guidelines for designing an efficient means of PHA production (Choi and Lee, 1997, 1999c, 2000; Lee and C ...
Fatty acid synthesis
Fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA precursors through action of enzymes called fatty acid synthases. It is an important part of the lipogenesis process, which – together with glycolysis – functions to create fats from blood sugar in living organisms.