Cellular respiration
... glucose NADH electron transport chain proton-motive force ATP • About 40% of the energy in a glucose molecule is transferred to ATP during cellular respiration, making about 38 ATP ...
... glucose NADH electron transport chain proton-motive force ATP • About 40% of the energy in a glucose molecule is transferred to ATP during cellular respiration, making about 38 ATP ...
Vitamins in cosmetics
... aminomethyl group belong to the vitamin B6. The three compounds show the same vitamin activity as they can be transformed into each other. Yeast extract, milk, seeds and nuts are typical sources of this vitamin. Pyridoxal phosphate is a coenzyme of numerous enzymes of the amino acid metabolism. Vita ...
... aminomethyl group belong to the vitamin B6. The three compounds show the same vitamin activity as they can be transformed into each other. Yeast extract, milk, seeds and nuts are typical sources of this vitamin. Pyridoxal phosphate is a coenzyme of numerous enzymes of the amino acid metabolism. Vita ...
Anaerobic and aerobic oxidation of glucose
... enzyme lactase, which cleaves lactose into glucose and galactose. Microorganisms in the colon ferment undigested lactose to lactic acid generating methane (CH4) and hydrogen gas (H2). The gas produced creates the uncomfortable feeling of gut distention and the annoying problem of flatulence. The lac ...
... enzyme lactase, which cleaves lactose into glucose and galactose. Microorganisms in the colon ferment undigested lactose to lactic acid generating methane (CH4) and hydrogen gas (H2). The gas produced creates the uncomfortable feeling of gut distention and the annoying problem of flatulence. The lac ...
23 Metabolism and Energy Production
... In the electron transport system, The electron carriers are attached to the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. There are four protein complexes: Complex I NADH dehydrogenase ...
... In the electron transport system, The electron carriers are attached to the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. There are four protein complexes: Complex I NADH dehydrogenase ...
The metabolism of glucose by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
... (19i|-0) outlined possible methods for the production of glu conic and 2- and 5-ketogluconic acids from glucose by the use of submerged, aerated cultures of Pseudomonas, Phytomonas and Acetobacter, ...
... (19i|-0) outlined possible methods for the production of glu conic and 2- and 5-ketogluconic acids from glucose by the use of submerged, aerated cultures of Pseudomonas, Phytomonas and Acetobacter, ...
Laboratory Evolution of Cytochrome P450 BM-3 Monooxygenase for Organic Cosolvents
... Point mutagenesis at low error rates explores only a very limited set of (primarily conservative) amino acid substitutions. We and others have observed that saturation mutagenesis performed at sites identified by error-prone PCR often generates further improvements. Taking double-mutant F87AB5 as th ...
... Point mutagenesis at low error rates explores only a very limited set of (primarily conservative) amino acid substitutions. We and others have observed that saturation mutagenesis performed at sites identified by error-prone PCR often generates further improvements. Taking double-mutant F87AB5 as th ...
Metabolism of Members of the Spiroplasmataceae
... Cell-free extracts from 10 strains of Spiroplasma species were examined for 67 enzyme activities of the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway, pentose phosphate shunt, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and purine and pyrimidine pathways. The spiroplasmas were fermentative, possessing enzyme activities that convert ...
... Cell-free extracts from 10 strains of Spiroplasma species were examined for 67 enzyme activities of the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway, pentose phosphate shunt, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and purine and pyrimidine pathways. The spiroplasmas were fermentative, possessing enzyme activities that convert ...
Chapter 8
... The initial oxidation step is linked to reduction of NAD+ (in the mitochondrion where the citric acid cycle proceeds but also NADP+ in the cytosol where a form of this enzyme exists for biosynthetic purposes. This latter enzyme is much more active). The mitochondrial enzyme is subject to allosteric ...
... The initial oxidation step is linked to reduction of NAD+ (in the mitochondrion where the citric acid cycle proceeds but also NADP+ in the cytosol where a form of this enzyme exists for biosynthetic purposes. This latter enzyme is much more active). The mitochondrial enzyme is subject to allosteric ...
The Biochemistry of Malic Acid Metabolism by Wine Yeasts
... The glyoxalate cycle in yeast peroxisomes is primarily associated with the complete degradation of fatty acids via (3-oxidation. However, it also plays an important role in the synthesis of C4 compounds from C2 carbon substrates by employing some of the TCA cycle enzymes (Fraenkel, 1982). In S. cere ...
... The glyoxalate cycle in yeast peroxisomes is primarily associated with the complete degradation of fatty acids via (3-oxidation. However, it also plays an important role in the synthesis of C4 compounds from C2 carbon substrates by employing some of the TCA cycle enzymes (Fraenkel, 1982). In S. cere ...
1 Regulation of Substrate Oxidation Preferences in Muscle by the
... 3C). As a control, we confirmed previous findings (3; 29) that mRNA and protein levels of PDK4 are upregulated with fasting (Fig. 3B and 3C). Alteration of protein abundance is a key mechanism in the regulation of PDK4 activity (3). Thus, in AdrKO, PDK4 activity is expected to increase, contributing ...
... 3C). As a control, we confirmed previous findings (3; 29) that mRNA and protein levels of PDK4 are upregulated with fasting (Fig. 3B and 3C). Alteration of protein abundance is a key mechanism in the regulation of PDK4 activity (3). Thus, in AdrKO, PDK4 activity is expected to increase, contributing ...
Differences in the amino acid composition of muscles from pheasant
... et al. (2005). It follows from their results that chemical composition of pheasant meat significantly changes during growth. From a dietetic point of view, one important finding pointed out by the authors is that pheasant meat contains a high level of muscle proteins. QIONG et al. (2001) confirmed t ...
... et al. (2005). It follows from their results that chemical composition of pheasant meat significantly changes during growth. From a dietetic point of view, one important finding pointed out by the authors is that pheasant meat contains a high level of muscle proteins. QIONG et al. (2001) confirmed t ...
Milk production and energy metabolism in ruminants fed 2
... 1978), other evidence suggests that the extensive use of glucose for the synthesis of lactose, glycerol, and reducing equivalents may simply limit its availability for entrance into the TCA cycle and subsequent exit from mitochondria as citrate (Forsberg et al,, 1985), Acetate, on the other hand, is ...
... 1978), other evidence suggests that the extensive use of glucose for the synthesis of lactose, glycerol, and reducing equivalents may simply limit its availability for entrance into the TCA cycle and subsequent exit from mitochondria as citrate (Forsberg et al,, 1985), Acetate, on the other hand, is ...
04_Medicinal Natural..
... of the diet of most heterotrophs (including humans) There are many different kinds of fats, but each kind is a variation on the same chemical structure (Fig 4). All fats consist of fatty acids bonded to a backbone structure, often glycerol. Chemically, this is a triester of glycerol (Fig 5), an este ...
... of the diet of most heterotrophs (including humans) There are many different kinds of fats, but each kind is a variation on the same chemical structure (Fig 4). All fats consist of fatty acids bonded to a backbone structure, often glycerol. Chemically, this is a triester of glycerol (Fig 5), an este ...
Nutrition and Food Science
... survey which is ideal for life science research and development. This offering provides the most extensive coverage of the metabolome. Most any sample type is feasible for study, but typically 500-1000 biochemicals can be identified and measured in human plasma and tissue samples in the TrueVision™ ...
... survey which is ideal for life science research and development. This offering provides the most extensive coverage of the metabolome. Most any sample type is feasible for study, but typically 500-1000 biochemicals can be identified and measured in human plasma and tissue samples in the TrueVision™ ...
Document
... An Accounting of ATP Production by Cellular Respiration • During cellular respiration, most energy flows in this sequence: glucose NADH electron transport chain proton-motive force ATP • About 34% of the energy in a glucose molecule is transferred to ATP during cellular respiration, making ...
... An Accounting of ATP Production by Cellular Respiration • During cellular respiration, most energy flows in this sequence: glucose NADH electron transport chain proton-motive force ATP • About 34% of the energy in a glucose molecule is transferred to ATP during cellular respiration, making ...
Carnitine Acetyltransferase and Mitochondrial Acetyl
... mitochondrial acetyl-CoA pool is imperative for preservation of energy homeostasis. We provide compelling evidence that CrAT is critical for fine-tuning acetyl-CoA balance during the fasted to fed transition and during exercise. These studies suggest that compromised CrAT activity results in derange ...
... mitochondrial acetyl-CoA pool is imperative for preservation of energy homeostasis. We provide compelling evidence that CrAT is critical for fine-tuning acetyl-CoA balance during the fasted to fed transition and during exercise. These studies suggest that compromised CrAT activity results in derange ...
Metabolic pathways in Anopheles stephensi mitochondria
... relatively high rate values for the oxidation of glycerophosphate indicated the presence of an active glycerophosphate shuttle. Addition of malonate, an inhibitor of Complex II, caused a 90% inhibition of pyruvate oxidation, demonstrating that the tricarboxylic acid cycle is required for pyruvate ox ...
... relatively high rate values for the oxidation of glycerophosphate indicated the presence of an active glycerophosphate shuttle. Addition of malonate, an inhibitor of Complex II, caused a 90% inhibition of pyruvate oxidation, demonstrating that the tricarboxylic acid cycle is required for pyruvate ox ...
Wax ester biosynthetic pathway - Iowa State University Digital
... Wax esters are also considered excellent biofuel and biolubricant for the future. However, the high price of wax esters has restricted their applications to high value products, such as cosmetics. Many efforts have been made to improve this situation. Growing jojoba plant in large scale seemed to be ...
... Wax esters are also considered excellent biofuel and biolubricant for the future. However, the high price of wax esters has restricted their applications to high value products, such as cosmetics. Many efforts have been made to improve this situation. Growing jojoba plant in large scale seemed to be ...
Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
... those in meat, fish, milk, and eggs. About 50 g of complete protein per day is adequate for adult humans. Proteins that are severely deficient in one or more of the essential amino acids are called incomplete proteins. If the protein in a person’s diet comes mostly from one incomplete source, the am ...
... those in meat, fish, milk, and eggs. About 50 g of complete protein per day is adequate for adult humans. Proteins that are severely deficient in one or more of the essential amino acids are called incomplete proteins. If the protein in a person’s diet comes mostly from one incomplete source, the am ...
Optimal codon randomization via mathematical programming
... the mixture, and therefore this sum is the objective function to be minimized. Constraint (1) guarantees that the resulting fraction of each amino acid a will equal the target fraction pa. Constraint (2) guarantees that if the fraction λd of degenerate oligonucleotide d in the mixture is positive, t ...
... the mixture, and therefore this sum is the objective function to be minimized. Constraint (1) guarantees that the resulting fraction of each amino acid a will equal the target fraction pa. Constraint (2) guarantees that if the fraction λd of degenerate oligonucleotide d in the mixture is positive, t ...
Cellular Respiration
... • Body temperature is not high enough to initiate burning, of course. Instead, if you swallow some glucose, enzymes in your cells will lower the barrier of activation energy allowing the sugar to be oxidized in a series of steps. ...
... • Body temperature is not high enough to initiate burning, of course. Instead, if you swallow some glucose, enzymes in your cells will lower the barrier of activation energy allowing the sugar to be oxidized in a series of steps. ...
Fatty acid synthesis
Fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA precursors through action of enzymes called fatty acid synthases. It is an important part of the lipogenesis process, which – together with glycolysis – functions to create fats from blood sugar in living organisms.