H 2 O
... The Warburg Effect • In oncology, the Warburg effect is that most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactic acid fermentation in the cytosol, rather than by a comparatively low rate of glycolysis followed by oxidation of pyruvate in mitochondria like ...
... The Warburg Effect • In oncology, the Warburg effect is that most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactic acid fermentation in the cytosol, rather than by a comparatively low rate of glycolysis followed by oxidation of pyruvate in mitochondria like ...
Unit 8A
... models of PD induced with these toxins suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are important pathogenic mechanisms. In humans, reduced complex I activity has been reported in both post-mortem brain samples and platelets of sporadic/idiopathic PD cases. - Lewy bodies observed in P ...
... models of PD induced with these toxins suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are important pathogenic mechanisms. In humans, reduced complex I activity has been reported in both post-mortem brain samples and platelets of sporadic/idiopathic PD cases. - Lewy bodies observed in P ...
Glucose-6-P to Fructose-6-P
... One of best characterized pathways Characterized in the first half of 20th century Glucose --> 2 pyruvates + energy Strategy add phosphoryl groups to glucose convert phosphorylated intermediates into compounds with high phosphate group-transfer potentials couple the subsequent hydrolysis of reactive ...
... One of best characterized pathways Characterized in the first half of 20th century Glucose --> 2 pyruvates + energy Strategy add phosphoryl groups to glucose convert phosphorylated intermediates into compounds with high phosphate group-transfer potentials couple the subsequent hydrolysis of reactive ...
Structural disorder serves as a weak signal for
... and carry out important functions in signal transduction and transcription regulation, often incompatible with a well-defined, stable 3D fold.15,16 Besides numerous functional advantages, such regions are also known for their extreme proteolytic susceptibility,9 and thus could directly signal for ra ...
... and carry out important functions in signal transduction and transcription regulation, often incompatible with a well-defined, stable 3D fold.15,16 Besides numerous functional advantages, such regions are also known for their extreme proteolytic susceptibility,9 and thus could directly signal for ra ...
Plant cell walls as targets for biotechnology
... several years ago [20] but use of the bacterial clone as probe for higher plant cellulose synthase proved fruitless. The identification of four domains essential for binding of the UDP-glucose substrate in many (1→4)-β-D-glucosyl transferases [20] proved to be the breakthrough needed to identify the ...
... several years ago [20] but use of the bacterial clone as probe for higher plant cellulose synthase proved fruitless. The identification of four domains essential for binding of the UDP-glucose substrate in many (1→4)-β-D-glucosyl transferases [20] proved to be the breakthrough needed to identify the ...
1 - Rochester Community Schools
... • Essential tools for the study of physiology: • Ability to focus at many levels (from systemic to cellular and molecular) • Basic physical principles (e.g., electrical currents, pressure, and movement) • Basic chemical principles ...
... • Essential tools for the study of physiology: • Ability to focus at many levels (from systemic to cellular and molecular) • Basic physical principles (e.g., electrical currents, pressure, and movement) • Basic chemical principles ...
1 - Oakton Community College
... • Essential tools for the study of physiology: • Ability to focus at many levels (from systemic to cellular and molecular) • Basic physical principles (e.g., electrical currents, pressure, and movement) • Basic chemical principles ...
... • Essential tools for the study of physiology: • Ability to focus at many levels (from systemic to cellular and molecular) • Basic physical principles (e.g., electrical currents, pressure, and movement) • Basic chemical principles ...
Chapter 1 PowerPoint - Part a - Hillsborough Community College
... • Essential tools for the study of physiology: • Ability to focus at many levels (from systemic to cellular and molecular) • Basic physical principles (e.g., electrical currents, pressure, and movement) • Basic chemical principles ...
... • Essential tools for the study of physiology: • Ability to focus at many levels (from systemic to cellular and molecular) • Basic physical principles (e.g., electrical currents, pressure, and movement) • Basic chemical principles ...
A decrease in cellular energy status stimulates PERK
... protein; DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium; dsRNA, double-stranded RNA; eIF2, eukaryotic initiation factor 2; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; FCS, foetal calf serum; GADD34, growth-arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein 34; GCN2, general control non-derepressible 2; HRI, haem-regulated eIF2α kina ...
... protein; DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium; dsRNA, double-stranded RNA; eIF2, eukaryotic initiation factor 2; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; FCS, foetal calf serum; GADD34, growth-arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein 34; GCN2, general control non-derepressible 2; HRI, haem-regulated eIF2α kina ...
Glucose-6-P to Fructose-6-P
... One of best characterized pathways Characterized in the first half of 20th century Glucose --> 2 pyruvates + energy Strategy add phosphoryl groups to glucose convert phosphorylated intermediates into compounds with high phosphate group-transfer potentials couple the subsequent hydrolysis of reactive ...
... One of best characterized pathways Characterized in the first half of 20th century Glucose --> 2 pyruvates + energy Strategy add phosphoryl groups to glucose convert phosphorylated intermediates into compounds with high phosphate group-transfer potentials couple the subsequent hydrolysis of reactive ...
Dynamic Modeling of Lactic Acid Fermentation Metabolism with
... fluxes (SYN1, SYN2, SYN3, SYN4, SYN5, PD, MA). Previous research considered only the main streams of metabolic fluxes and did not consider biomass synthesis pathways or lump all synthesis pathways into a single flux [11, 14]. However, this model considers the detailed fluxes of biosynthesis (SYN1~5) ...
... fluxes (SYN1, SYN2, SYN3, SYN4, SYN5, PD, MA). Previous research considered only the main streams of metabolic fluxes and did not consider biomass synthesis pathways or lump all synthesis pathways into a single flux [11, 14]. However, this model considers the detailed fluxes of biosynthesis (SYN1~5) ...
Exam 2
... of (a, b, c, d) does not contain significant mistake(s) (i.e. all statements are correct) and e. is “None of the above”, then select “e. None of the above.” 9. The followings are some descriptions of glycogen metabolism. a. In general, glucagon and epinephrine stimulate catabolism, while insulin sti ...
... of (a, b, c, d) does not contain significant mistake(s) (i.e. all statements are correct) and e. is “None of the above”, then select “e. None of the above.” 9. The followings are some descriptions of glycogen metabolism. a. In general, glucagon and epinephrine stimulate catabolism, while insulin sti ...
Anti-c-myc antibody 9E10 - Protein Engineering, Design and Selection
... binding signal decreases in the case of the peptide without asparagine at position 11, the N-terminally shortened peptides both without glutamic acid of position 1 and glutamine of position 2 lead to a binding signal comparable to that of the untruncated peptide. A drastic effect amounting to the co ...
... binding signal decreases in the case of the peptide without asparagine at position 11, the N-terminally shortened peptides both without glutamic acid of position 1 and glutamine of position 2 lead to a binding signal comparable to that of the untruncated peptide. A drastic effect amounting to the co ...
Mass spectrometry and the search for moonlighting proteins
... profiles for different cell types, organelles, or multiprotein complexes can be used to help predict protein functions. The results from those mass spectrometry studies can be affected by the presence of moonlighting proteins because, as described above, one of the general ways for a protein to moon ...
... profiles for different cell types, organelles, or multiprotein complexes can be used to help predict protein functions. The results from those mass spectrometry studies can be affected by the presence of moonlighting proteins because, as described above, one of the general ways for a protein to moon ...
Analysis of metabolic pathways and fluxes in a newly discovered
... ABSTRACT: A recently discovered thermophilic bacterium, Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius M10EXG, ferments a range of C5 (e.g., xylose) and C6 sugars (e.g., glucose) and is tolerant to high ethanol concentrations (10%, v/v). We have investigated the central metabolism of this bacterium using both in v ...
... ABSTRACT: A recently discovered thermophilic bacterium, Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius M10EXG, ferments a range of C5 (e.g., xylose) and C6 sugars (e.g., glucose) and is tolerant to high ethanol concentrations (10%, v/v). We have investigated the central metabolism of this bacterium using both in v ...
Chapter 8 - Plant Biology
... and crude. A much quicker and finer control occurs through the regulation of the catalytic activity of already existing enzymes. Such regulation is possible because the catalytic activity of an enzyme depends on its three-dimensional shape, and the shape depends in turn on weak bonds, such as hydrog ...
... and crude. A much quicker and finer control occurs through the regulation of the catalytic activity of already existing enzymes. Such regulation is possible because the catalytic activity of an enzyme depends on its three-dimensional shape, and the shape depends in turn on weak bonds, such as hydrog ...
Phagocytosis, a cellular immune response in insects
... special receptors on the cell. This initial interaction triggers a series of cellular signals that induce rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton and membrane remodeling. The particle sits on a membrane depression, the phagocytic cup, and then it is surrounded by pseudopods. The membrane fuses aroun ...
... special receptors on the cell. This initial interaction triggers a series of cellular signals that induce rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton and membrane remodeling. The particle sits on a membrane depression, the phagocytic cup, and then it is surrounded by pseudopods. The membrane fuses aroun ...
Slide 1 - Elsevier
... Figure 3-15 Cross-talk between intracellular hormone actions. Hormone A binds to an ion channel receptor that regulates ion influx. Hormone B binds to a GPCR that operates through a G s second-messenger system. Hormone C binds to a tyrosine kinase receptor that activates a protein kinase complex (P ...
... Figure 3-15 Cross-talk between intracellular hormone actions. Hormone A binds to an ion channel receptor that regulates ion influx. Hormone B binds to a GPCR that operates through a G s second-messenger system. Hormone C binds to a tyrosine kinase receptor that activates a protein kinase complex (P ...
Functional genomics analysis of foliar condensed tannin and
... to the identification of several regulatory factors (e.g., Winkel-Shirley 2001, Mathews et al. 2003, Xie et al. 2003). In contrast, less is known about PG synthesis. Multiple pathways have been implicated in the biosynthesis of salicylic acid (Ribnicky et al. 1998, Wildermuth et al. 2001), and altho ...
... to the identification of several regulatory factors (e.g., Winkel-Shirley 2001, Mathews et al. 2003, Xie et al. 2003). In contrast, less is known about PG synthesis. Multiple pathways have been implicated in the biosynthesis of salicylic acid (Ribnicky et al. 1998, Wildermuth et al. 2001), and altho ...
Corticotropin-releasing hormone induces vascular endothelial
... either preformed mediators or cytokines. This effect was mediated through activation of CRH receptor-1 and adenylate cyclase with increased intracellular cAMP. However, the precise mechanism by which CRH induces VEGF secretion has not yet been defined. Here, we show that CRH-induced VEGF release was ...
... either preformed mediators or cytokines. This effect was mediated through activation of CRH receptor-1 and adenylate cyclase with increased intracellular cAMP. However, the precise mechanism by which CRH induces VEGF secretion has not yet been defined. Here, we show that CRH-induced VEGF release was ...
Defining the molecular basis for the first potent and selective
... and demonstrated the role of FFA2 in inhibition of lipolysis and glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion in murine-derived 3T3-L1 and STC-1 cell lines, respectively. Together, these findings describe the first potent and selective FFA2 orthosteric agonists and demonstrate key aspects of ligand interaction ...
... and demonstrated the role of FFA2 in inhibition of lipolysis and glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion in murine-derived 3T3-L1 and STC-1 cell lines, respectively. Together, these findings describe the first potent and selective FFA2 orthosteric agonists and demonstrate key aspects of ligand interaction ...
Abstract Here we describe our unprecedented approach in
... 1. Introduction Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis which are chronic, remittent or progressive immunologically mediated disorders that affect the entire gastrointestinal tract or the colonic tract, respectively (Khor, Gardet, & Xavier, 2011). The precise ...
... 1. Introduction Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis which are chronic, remittent or progressive immunologically mediated disorders that affect the entire gastrointestinal tract or the colonic tract, respectively (Khor, Gardet, & Xavier, 2011). The precise ...
Isolation of a New Member of the $100 Protein Family: Amino Acid
... Immunofluorescence microscopy was performed as described (53) with the following modifications. MDBK cells grown on glass coverslips were fixed in PBS containing 4% formaldehyde for !.5 h followed by further fixation and permiabilization in methanol/acetone (1:1) at -20°C for 5 min. Coverslips were ...
... Immunofluorescence microscopy was performed as described (53) with the following modifications. MDBK cells grown on glass coverslips were fixed in PBS containing 4% formaldehyde for !.5 h followed by further fixation and permiabilization in methanol/acetone (1:1) at -20°C for 5 min. Coverslips were ...
The Many Faces of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Male Germ Cells
... epithelium. The junctions between adjacent sustentocytes form the blood-testis barrier (BTB), which separates the seminiferous epithelium into the adluminal and basal compartments. This barrier has three main roles: 1) creating a specialized environment; 2) regulating the passage of molecules; and 3 ...
... epithelium. The junctions between adjacent sustentocytes form the blood-testis barrier (BTB), which separates the seminiferous epithelium into the adluminal and basal compartments. This barrier has three main roles: 1) creating a specialized environment; 2) regulating the passage of molecules; and 3 ...