Alternative routes of acetyl-CoA synthesis identified
... of total orthologous oleaginous genes) and unclassified functions (46.4 % of total orthologous oleaginous genes) (see Supplementary Table S1). It was noted that nearly a quarter of the orthologous oleaginous proteins (41 sequences) are responsible for metabolic processes or metabolism, as shown in F ...
... of total orthologous oleaginous genes) and unclassified functions (46.4 % of total orthologous oleaginous genes) (see Supplementary Table S1). It was noted that nearly a quarter of the orthologous oleaginous proteins (41 sequences) are responsible for metabolic processes or metabolism, as shown in F ...
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Activation is
... BHMT, DMGDH and SARDH [25]. However, whether TTA treatment affects the related metabolites has yet to be explored. Also, activation of PPARα has been shown to increase the synthesis of vitamin B3 from tryptophan by regulating key enzymes in this pathway [26], but whether PPAR activation influences t ...
... BHMT, DMGDH and SARDH [25]. However, whether TTA treatment affects the related metabolites has yet to be explored. Also, activation of PPARα has been shown to increase the synthesis of vitamin B3 from tryptophan by regulating key enzymes in this pathway [26], but whether PPAR activation influences t ...
The shikimate pathway in apicomplexan parasites: Implications for
... single effector type (15). ...
... single effector type (15). ...
Roles of Plant Hormones and Their Interplay in Rice Immunity
... ABSTRACT Plant hormones have been extensively studied for their importance in innate immunity particularly in the dicotyledonous model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. However, only in the last decade, plant hormones were demonstrated to play conserved and divergent roles in fine-tuning immune responses ...
... ABSTRACT Plant hormones have been extensively studied for their importance in innate immunity particularly in the dicotyledonous model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. However, only in the last decade, plant hormones were demonstrated to play conserved and divergent roles in fine-tuning immune responses ...
Reactivation of Creatine Kinase by Dithiothreitol Prior to Use
... ribonucleic acids can be performed in various systems including cytoplasmic extract from eukaryotic cells, rabbit reticulocyte lysate and wheat germ extract. For optimal translation, an energy regeneration system based on creatine phosphate and creatine kinase is commonly employed for the regenerati ...
... ribonucleic acids can be performed in various systems including cytoplasmic extract from eukaryotic cells, rabbit reticulocyte lysate and wheat germ extract. For optimal translation, an energy regeneration system based on creatine phosphate and creatine kinase is commonly employed for the regenerati ...
The first true obligately syntrophic propionate
... Methanospirillum hungatei JF-1T cultures from which CH4 and residual H2 were removed by flushing with N2/CO2. In two of the four dilution series, yeast extract (1 g l21) and casein tryptic peptones (1 g l21) were added to stimulate growth. Sodium propionate (20 mM) was added to each of the cultures ...
... Methanospirillum hungatei JF-1T cultures from which CH4 and residual H2 were removed by flushing with N2/CO2. In two of the four dilution series, yeast extract (1 g l21) and casein tryptic peptones (1 g l21) were added to stimulate growth. Sodium propionate (20 mM) was added to each of the cultures ...
Pyruvate Kinase
... Pyruvate kinase has at least three isozymes and one of them is liver-specific. The liver pyruvate kinase is being regulated differently than other tissue type. ...
... Pyruvate kinase has at least three isozymes and one of them is liver-specific. The liver pyruvate kinase is being regulated differently than other tissue type. ...
The Structure of the PanD/PanZ Protein Complex
... by panD (Williamson and Brown, 1979). ADC is one of a small subset of enzymes containing a protein-derived, covalently linked pyruvoyl cofactor (van Poelje and Snell, 1990). This cofactor was first observed in histidine decarboxylase (Snell, 1986) and is present in a set of highly conserved enzymes, ...
... by panD (Williamson and Brown, 1979). ADC is one of a small subset of enzymes containing a protein-derived, covalently linked pyruvoyl cofactor (van Poelje and Snell, 1990). This cofactor was first observed in histidine decarboxylase (Snell, 1986) and is present in a set of highly conserved enzymes, ...
Degradation rates differ between mutant and wild
... major determinant of flux through the pathway leading to complete oxidation of phe. Mutations in the human PAH gene are causes of hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA), with resultant phenotypes ranging from classical phenylketonuria (PKU) through variant PKU to benign forms of mild HPA. Most mutations analys ...
... major determinant of flux through the pathway leading to complete oxidation of phe. Mutations in the human PAH gene are causes of hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA), with resultant phenotypes ranging from classical phenylketonuria (PKU) through variant PKU to benign forms of mild HPA. Most mutations analys ...
Biochemical and Cellular Investigation of Vitreoscilla Hemoglobin
... shift in both ferric and ferrous forms (406-408 to 411 nm, and 432 to 424-425 nm, respectively). All VHb proteins in the ferrous state had a λsoret peak at ~419 nm following the carbon monoxide (CO) binding. Expression of the P54R mutant mediated the downregulation of iron superoxide dismutase (FeSO ...
... shift in both ferric and ferrous forms (406-408 to 411 nm, and 432 to 424-425 nm, respectively). All VHb proteins in the ferrous state had a λsoret peak at ~419 nm following the carbon monoxide (CO) binding. Expression of the P54R mutant mediated the downregulation of iron superoxide dismutase (FeSO ...
Feline IFN-γ Antibody
... Interferongamma (IFNγ), also known as type II or immune interferon, exerts a wide range of immunoregulatory activities and is considered to be the prototype proinflammatory cytokine (1, 2). Mature feline IFNγ exists as a noncovalently linked homodimer of 20 25 kDa variably glycosylated subunits ...
... Interferongamma (IFNγ), also known as type II or immune interferon, exerts a wide range of immunoregulatory activities and is considered to be the prototype proinflammatory cytokine (1, 2). Mature feline IFNγ exists as a noncovalently linked homodimer of 20 25 kDa variably glycosylated subunits ...
Document
... transferred to the glucose6- phosphate. The resulting molecule is unstable, and it splits into two three- carbon molecules. The molecules are interconvertible, so we will call them both PGAL (phosphoglyceraldehyde). So far, two ATP have been invested in the reactions. ...
... transferred to the glucose6- phosphate. The resulting molecule is unstable, and it splits into two three- carbon molecules. The molecules are interconvertible, so we will call them both PGAL (phosphoglyceraldehyde). So far, two ATP have been invested in the reactions. ...
How Cells Release Chemical Energy
... transferred to the glucose6- phosphate. The resulting molecule is unstable, and it splits into two three- carbon molecules. The molecules are interconvertible, so we will call them both PGAL (phosphoglyceraldehyde). So far, two ATP have been invested in the reactions. ...
... transferred to the glucose6- phosphate. The resulting molecule is unstable, and it splits into two three- carbon molecules. The molecules are interconvertible, so we will call them both PGAL (phosphoglyceraldehyde). So far, two ATP have been invested in the reactions. ...
dbPSP: a curated database for protein phosphorylation sites in
... its critical roles in various cellular processes such as signal transduction. Thus, an integrative data resource of the prokaryotic phosphorylation will be useful for further analysis. In this study, we presented a curated database of phosphorylation sites in prokaryotes (dbPSP, Database URL: http:/ ...
... its critical roles in various cellular processes such as signal transduction. Thus, an integrative data resource of the prokaryotic phosphorylation will be useful for further analysis. In this study, we presented a curated database of phosphorylation sites in prokaryotes (dbPSP, Database URL: http:/ ...
Nonenzymatic glycolysis and pentose phosphate
... that the origin of life could have been facilitated by the geochemical formation of cellular constituents in the reducing environment of the early earth (Oparin, 1938; Miller et al, 1997). Experimental support for this hypothesis was provided by the Miller–Urey experiment that demonstrated the non-b ...
... that the origin of life could have been facilitated by the geochemical formation of cellular constituents in the reducing environment of the early earth (Oparin, 1938; Miller et al, 1997). Experimental support for this hypothesis was provided by the Miller–Urey experiment that demonstrated the non-b ...
Erythroid Iron Metabolism
... erythropoiesis. The mature erythrocyte is the product of complex and highly regulated cellular and molecular processes that initiates at the level of the hematopoietic stem cells which have the potential to develop into all morphologically and functionally distinct blood cells. Stem cells, which are ...
... erythropoiesis. The mature erythrocyte is the product of complex and highly regulated cellular and molecular processes that initiates at the level of the hematopoietic stem cells which have the potential to develop into all morphologically and functionally distinct blood cells. Stem cells, which are ...
BIOCHEMISTRY
... Drugs as activators of the hemoglobin synthesis. Hemoglobin degradation in the tissues. Iron (Fe) metabolism. Genetic disorders of the heme biosynthesis (porphyrias). Hiperbilirubinemia and jaundices, types, biochemical diagnostics. ...
... Drugs as activators of the hemoglobin synthesis. Hemoglobin degradation in the tissues. Iron (Fe) metabolism. Genetic disorders of the heme biosynthesis (porphyrias). Hiperbilirubinemia and jaundices, types, biochemical diagnostics. ...
Quantitative flux analysis reveals folate
... The main folate-dependent NADPH-producing pathway was predicted to involve transfer of a one-carbon unit from serine to THF, followed by oxidation of the resulting product (methylene-THF) by the enzyme MTHFD to form the purine precursor formyl-THF with concomitant NADPH production. To assess whether ...
... The main folate-dependent NADPH-producing pathway was predicted to involve transfer of a one-carbon unit from serine to THF, followed by oxidation of the resulting product (methylene-THF) by the enzyme MTHFD to form the purine precursor formyl-THF with concomitant NADPH production. To assess whether ...
Substrate specificity of protein kinase A in reaction with
... analogue, guanethidine, or ADP (Cook et al., 1982). These results indicate that ATP and Kemptide can bind to PKA independently as expected in a random kinetic mechanism. Secondly, it was shown that the substrate peptide can bind prior to ATP, and γ-[32P]ATP can bind prior Kemptide (Kong and Cook, 19 ...
... analogue, guanethidine, or ADP (Cook et al., 1982). These results indicate that ATP and Kemptide can bind to PKA independently as expected in a random kinetic mechanism. Secondly, it was shown that the substrate peptide can bind prior to ATP, and γ-[32P]ATP can bind prior Kemptide (Kong and Cook, 19 ...
Metabolism of Selenoamino Acids and Contribution of Selenium
... is metabolized by reduced glutathione (GSH) and/or glutathione reductase to hydrogen selenide (H2Se) via selenocysteine-glutathione selenenyl sulfide (CySeSG). The H2Se is a key intermediate in the methylation process of inorganic and organic selenium compounds. Accumulation of H2Se resulting from i ...
... is metabolized by reduced glutathione (GSH) and/or glutathione reductase to hydrogen selenide (H2Se) via selenocysteine-glutathione selenenyl sulfide (CySeSG). The H2Se is a key intermediate in the methylation process of inorganic and organic selenium compounds. Accumulation of H2Se resulting from i ...
Flood adaptive traits and processes: an overview
... modulation that underpin adaptive traits and acclimation responses to waterlogging of root systems and submergence of aerial tissues. This includes insights into processes that enhance ventilation of submerged organs. At the intersection between metabolism and growth, submergence survival strategies ...
... modulation that underpin adaptive traits and acclimation responses to waterlogging of root systems and submergence of aerial tissues. This includes insights into processes that enhance ventilation of submerged organs. At the intersection between metabolism and growth, submergence survival strategies ...