Recombinant Brassinosteroid Insensitive 1 Receptor-Like
... critical component of the BR signal transduction pathway. However, BRI1’s role as the BR receptor has not been confirmed by direct binding studies nor have substrates for the KD been reported in the literature. Receptor kinases have been thoroughly studied in animal systems and play a proven role in ...
... critical component of the BR signal transduction pathway. However, BRI1’s role as the BR receptor has not been confirmed by direct binding studies nor have substrates for the KD been reported in the literature. Receptor kinases have been thoroughly studied in animal systems and play a proven role in ...
YangSpr07
... RGD peptides are short peptide fragments derived from the amino acid sequence of several extracellular matrix proteins, such as fibrinogen, fibronectin, vitronectin, collagen, and laminin. The amino acid sequence Arg-Gly-Asp or RGD present on extracellular matrix proteins is known to be a requiremen ...
... RGD peptides are short peptide fragments derived from the amino acid sequence of several extracellular matrix proteins, such as fibrinogen, fibronectin, vitronectin, collagen, and laminin. The amino acid sequence Arg-Gly-Asp or RGD present on extracellular matrix proteins is known to be a requiremen ...
402 Blaylock 89-92.fm
... Not only do excitatory amino acids (glutamate, aspartate, cysteine, cysteic acid, homocysteine, etc) generate abundant free radicals, but, in addition, free radicals and LPO products also markedly enhance excitotoxicity. Microglia and astrocytes release abundant levels of glutamate and aspartate whe ...
... Not only do excitatory amino acids (glutamate, aspartate, cysteine, cysteic acid, homocysteine, etc) generate abundant free radicals, but, in addition, free radicals and LPO products also markedly enhance excitotoxicity. Microglia and astrocytes release abundant levels of glutamate and aspartate whe ...
T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia-The
... SCL/tal is a putative oncogene originally identified through its involvement in the translocation t(1;14)(p32;qll) present in the leukemic cell line DU.528. Subsequent studies have shown an upstream deletion activating expression of SCLI tal to be one of the most common genetic lesions in T-cell acu ...
... SCL/tal is a putative oncogene originally identified through its involvement in the translocation t(1;14)(p32;qll) present in the leukemic cell line DU.528. Subsequent studies have shown an upstream deletion activating expression of SCLI tal to be one of the most common genetic lesions in T-cell acu ...
Complete genome sequence of the rifamycin SV
... Amycolatopsis mediterranei is used for industry-scale production of rifamycin, which plays a vital role in antimycobacterial therapy. As the first sequenced genome of the genus Amycolatopsis, the chromosome of strain U32 comprising 10 236 715 base pairs, is one of the largest prokaryotic genomes eve ...
... Amycolatopsis mediterranei is used for industry-scale production of rifamycin, which plays a vital role in antimycobacterial therapy. As the first sequenced genome of the genus Amycolatopsis, the chromosome of strain U32 comprising 10 236 715 base pairs, is one of the largest prokaryotic genomes eve ...
Molecular networks in skeletal muscle plasticity
... signaling cascades activated by endurance exercise in muscle tissue (Chan and Arany, 2014) (Fig. 1). The PGC-1α gene is controlled by several promoters, coupled to alternative splicing, involved in activating gene programs for adaptations to higher energy demands (see Martinez-Redondo et al., 2015). ...
... signaling cascades activated by endurance exercise in muscle tissue (Chan and Arany, 2014) (Fig. 1). The PGC-1α gene is controlled by several promoters, coupled to alternative splicing, involved in activating gene programs for adaptations to higher energy demands (see Martinez-Redondo et al., 2015). ...
Fructose-1,6 - LSU School of Medicine
... Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is regulated at the level of ...
... Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is regulated at the level of ...
Flux limitations in the ortho pathway of benzoate
... However, repression of the ortho pathway by such compounds has not been unambiguously demonstrated and the molecular mechanisms remain obscure (Ornston, 1966; Duetz e t al., 1994; Holtel e t al., 1994; MacGregor e t al., 1992; Ampe & Lindley, 1995). Another possible cause for limitation of the catab ...
... However, repression of the ortho pathway by such compounds has not been unambiguously demonstrated and the molecular mechanisms remain obscure (Ornston, 1966; Duetz e t al., 1994; Holtel e t al., 1994; MacGregor e t al., 1992; Ampe & Lindley, 1995). Another possible cause for limitation of the catab ...
Determination of De Novo Synthesized Amino Acids in Cellular
... amino acids in both the perchloric acid extracts and the hydrolyzed protein fractions of F98 glioma cells incubated for 2 h with 5 mmol/l [U-13C]glucose. 13C NMR spectra of the hydrolyzed protein fraction revealed a marked incorporation of 13C-labelled alanine, aspartate and glutamate into the prote ...
... amino acids in both the perchloric acid extracts and the hydrolyzed protein fractions of F98 glioma cells incubated for 2 h with 5 mmol/l [U-13C]glucose. 13C NMR spectra of the hydrolyzed protein fraction revealed a marked incorporation of 13C-labelled alanine, aspartate and glutamate into the prote ...
The pool of ADP and ATP regulates anaerobic
... conditions results in mixed acid product formation in which formate, acetate, and ethanol are formed in addition to lactate. Maltose was used as a carbon source to study mixed acid product formation as a function of the growth rate. In batch and nitrogen-limited chemostat cultures mixed acid product ...
... conditions results in mixed acid product formation in which formate, acetate, and ethanol are formed in addition to lactate. Maltose was used as a carbon source to study mixed acid product formation as a function of the growth rate. In batch and nitrogen-limited chemostat cultures mixed acid product ...
Isolation and Characterization of Two Polypeptides
... ABSTRACT Cells in the stratified squamous epithelium of bovine esophagus contain abundant tonofilaments measuring 6-10 nm in diameter . Two polypeptides, extracted from esophageal epithelium with 0 .05 M Tris, pH 7 .4, containing 8 M urea and 25 mM ß-mercaptoethanol, comprise 35% of the total extrac ...
... ABSTRACT Cells in the stratified squamous epithelium of bovine esophagus contain abundant tonofilaments measuring 6-10 nm in diameter . Two polypeptides, extracted from esophageal epithelium with 0 .05 M Tris, pH 7 .4, containing 8 M urea and 25 mM ß-mercaptoethanol, comprise 35% of the total extrac ...
Manipulating redox and ATP balancing for improved production of
... PEP-carboxylase relative to PEP-carboxykinase enzyme. These results also suggested that the PEP to OAA reaction can operate under the physiological conditions in E. coli, thus promoting this strategy for the use in succinate production strains. Here, we further assessed the feasibility of this react ...
... PEP-carboxylase relative to PEP-carboxykinase enzyme. These results also suggested that the PEP to OAA reaction can operate under the physiological conditions in E. coli, thus promoting this strategy for the use in succinate production strains. Here, we further assessed the feasibility of this react ...
How to deal with oxygen radicals stemming from mitochondrial fatty
... appeared (resembling the ERAD pathway, see text). 4. Stimulating supercomplex formation, e.g. allowing complex I ‘direct’ access to its ‘own’ ubiquinone pool. 5. Adjusting complexes (especially I) and their synthesis to lessen both radical formation and its impact. Replacing complex I completely wit ...
... appeared (resembling the ERAD pathway, see text). 4. Stimulating supercomplex formation, e.g. allowing complex I ‘direct’ access to its ‘own’ ubiquinone pool. 5. Adjusting complexes (especially I) and their synthesis to lessen both radical formation and its impact. Replacing complex I completely wit ...
Drosophila Sirt2/mammalian SIRT3 deacetylates ATP synthase and
... identity to human SIRT7. dSir2 is the most well characterized among the Drosophila sirtuins. It is an essential gene that is expressed during development, and its localization is thought to be both cytoplasmic and nuclear. Sir2 is required for heterochromatic gene silencing and euchromatic repressio ...
... identity to human SIRT7. dSir2 is the most well characterized among the Drosophila sirtuins. It is an essential gene that is expressed during development, and its localization is thought to be both cytoplasmic and nuclear. Sir2 is required for heterochromatic gene silencing and euchromatic repressio ...
IB-Respiration-2015
... J.Fermentation enables some cells to produce ATP without the help of oxygen In glycolysis, glucose is oxidized to two pyruvate molecules with NAD+ as the oxidizing agent, not O2. Some energy from this oxidation produces 2 ATP (net). Glycolysis generates 2 ATP whether oxygen is present (aerobic) o ...
... J.Fermentation enables some cells to produce ATP without the help of oxygen In glycolysis, glucose is oxidized to two pyruvate molecules with NAD+ as the oxidizing agent, not O2. Some energy from this oxidation produces 2 ATP (net). Glycolysis generates 2 ATP whether oxygen is present (aerobic) o ...
ENERGY-PRODUCING ABILITY OF BACTERIA
... The foundation of life on this planet is a set of chemical reactions that take place within all organisms. These reactions are known as metabolism. The primary goal of metabolism is to sustain life in any given organism. The metabolic processes are involved in a variety of functions including in gen ...
... The foundation of life on this planet is a set of chemical reactions that take place within all organisms. These reactions are known as metabolism. The primary goal of metabolism is to sustain life in any given organism. The metabolic processes are involved in a variety of functions including in gen ...
fiiformis1 - Plant Physiology
... Organelles from the -crude homogenate of autotrophically grown cells were separated in a linear sucrose gradient. As indicated by the distribution of Chl and Cyt oxidase, chloroplasts and mitochondria were clearly separated equilibrating at densities of 1.18 and 1.20 g. cm-3, respectively (Fig. la, ...
... Organelles from the -crude homogenate of autotrophically grown cells were separated in a linear sucrose gradient. As indicated by the distribution of Chl and Cyt oxidase, chloroplasts and mitochondria were clearly separated equilibrating at densities of 1.18 and 1.20 g. cm-3, respectively (Fig. la, ...
Carbon Sources Tune Antibiotic Susceptibility in
... phenotypic tolerance mechanisms underlies the overall antibiotic susceptibility profile of a bacterial population. Genetically encoded antibiotic resistance primarily acts by decreasing drug permeability, activating drug efflux, promoting drug inactivation, or directly impairing drug-target interact ...
... phenotypic tolerance mechanisms underlies the overall antibiotic susceptibility profile of a bacterial population. Genetically encoded antibiotic resistance primarily acts by decreasing drug permeability, activating drug efflux, promoting drug inactivation, or directly impairing drug-target interact ...
Osmotically Induced Cell Swelling versus Cell
... salt stress (Meijer et al., 2001b). Hyperosmotic stress activates phospholipase D (PLD) activity and induces increased levels of phosphatidic acid (PA; Frank et al., 2000; Munnik et al., 2000; Katagiri et al., 2001; Munnik, 2001; Meijer et al., 2002). In addition, PLD activity is rapidly activated b ...
... salt stress (Meijer et al., 2001b). Hyperosmotic stress activates phospholipase D (PLD) activity and induces increased levels of phosphatidic acid (PA; Frank et al., 2000; Munnik et al., 2000; Katagiri et al., 2001; Munnik, 2001; Meijer et al., 2002). In addition, PLD activity is rapidly activated b ...
The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle The First of the Final Common Pathways
... Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase and Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Phosphatase. The number of kinase and phosphatase subunits increase with starvation. The activities reside on the same polypeptide, similar to the arrangement of kinase and phosphatase activities on Phosphofructokinase-2. The enzyme complex re ...
... Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase and Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Phosphatase. The number of kinase and phosphatase subunits increase with starvation. The activities reside on the same polypeptide, similar to the arrangement of kinase and phosphatase activities on Phosphofructokinase-2. The enzyme complex re ...
Decreased expression of plastidial adenylate kinase in potato tubers
... plastidial adenylate kinase, catalysing the interconversion of ATP and AMP to ADP, leads to increased adenylate pools and starch content in transgenic potato tubers. However, the underlying mechanisms were not elucidated. Here, it is shown that decreased expression of plastidial adenylate kinase in ...
... plastidial adenylate kinase, catalysing the interconversion of ATP and AMP to ADP, leads to increased adenylate pools and starch content in transgenic potato tubers. However, the underlying mechanisms were not elucidated. Here, it is shown that decreased expression of plastidial adenylate kinase in ...
The Citric acid cycle
... The pentose pathway control The need for NADPH is controlled by glucose dehydrogenase, however, when ribose 5-phosphate is needed (DNA and RNA synthesis) it can be made from the reverse of the transaldolase and transketolase reactions from Fructose-6-PO4 and GAP ...
... The pentose pathway control The need for NADPH is controlled by glucose dehydrogenase, however, when ribose 5-phosphate is needed (DNA and RNA synthesis) it can be made from the reverse of the transaldolase and transketolase reactions from Fructose-6-PO4 and GAP ...
Improving penicillin biosynthesis in Penicillium chrysogenum
... on increasing the levels of (or introducing new) enzymes in the product pathway and on engineering of primary metabolism. At present, there is an urgent need for the development of novel strategies because of the limited success of further enhancing the biosynthesis performance of current production ...
... on increasing the levels of (or introducing new) enzymes in the product pathway and on engineering of primary metabolism. At present, there is an urgent need for the development of novel strategies because of the limited success of further enhancing the biosynthesis performance of current production ...
Identification of a molecular component of the mitochondrial
... However, eukaryotic orthologues to Pat have not been identified in either the mitochondrial or nuclear genome [9]. An alternative scenario in eukaryotes could be that mitochondrial proteins are acetylated in the cytosol prior to mitochondrial import. However, as fasting and feeding result in a dynam ...
... However, eukaryotic orthologues to Pat have not been identified in either the mitochondrial or nuclear genome [9]. An alternative scenario in eukaryotes could be that mitochondrial proteins are acetylated in the cytosol prior to mitochondrial import. However, as fasting and feeding result in a dynam ...
Electron Transport Chain - mr-youssef-mci
... Proton Motive Force: Chemiosmosis The electrochemical gradient (chemiosmosis) produced by the ETC can now be used to generate ATP through the process of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). OXPHOS occurs through the enzyme complex ATP synthase. OXPHOS Animation ...
... Proton Motive Force: Chemiosmosis The electrochemical gradient (chemiosmosis) produced by the ETC can now be used to generate ATP through the process of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). OXPHOS occurs through the enzyme complex ATP synthase. OXPHOS Animation ...