Deciphering the Enigma of Lignification: Precursor Transport
... After monolignols are synthesized in the cytosol, they must be moved into the cell wall, where they are oxidized, and integrated into the matrix of the secondary cell wall. The exact mechanism whereby this occurs remains unclear; at least three models or pathways are envisaged, as illustrated in Fig ...
... After monolignols are synthesized in the cytosol, they must be moved into the cell wall, where they are oxidized, and integrated into the matrix of the secondary cell wall. The exact mechanism whereby this occurs remains unclear; at least three models or pathways are envisaged, as illustrated in Fig ...
Adiponectin
... In cultured cells, human recombinant adiponectin suppresses endothelial expression of adhesion molecules, proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells & transformation of macrophages to foam cells: adiponectin may thus protect vascular wall against atherogenic changes In mice overexpression of adip ...
... In cultured cells, human recombinant adiponectin suppresses endothelial expression of adhesion molecules, proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells & transformation of macrophages to foam cells: adiponectin may thus protect vascular wall against atherogenic changes In mice overexpression of adip ...
Hypoxia in skeletal muscles: from physiology to gene expression
... expression and protein synthesis. Studies in brain suggest the potential role of NO on the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) under hypoxia [46]. Besides NO, increases in the activity of anti-oxidan ...
... expression and protein synthesis. Studies in brain suggest the potential role of NO on the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) under hypoxia [46]. Besides NO, increases in the activity of anti-oxidan ...
Semmelweis University Department of Medical Biochemistry
... *If one block contains 16 and the other one 17 points and the practical exam is graded by either 1 or two, grade for semifinal is 2 (pass) if the total scores are 41 points or higher. ...
... *If one block contains 16 and the other one 17 points and the practical exam is graded by either 1 or two, grade for semifinal is 2 (pass) if the total scores are 41 points or higher. ...
Cell Biology - Models NF
... NF-kB activity is regulated by a family of inhibitors termed IkB which include IkB, IkB, IkB, the p105 and p100 precursors, and Bcl-3. Specifically, the IkBs binds to NF-kB and keeps it sequestered in an inactive state in the cytosol. Following cellular activation (by many different stimuli ( ...
... NF-kB activity is regulated by a family of inhibitors termed IkB which include IkB, IkB, IkB, the p105 and p100 precursors, and Bcl-3. Specifically, the IkBs binds to NF-kB and keeps it sequestered in an inactive state in the cytosol. Following cellular activation (by many different stimuli ( ...
PDF - Geoff McFadden`s Lab
... Immediately after apicoplast perturbation (either pharmacological or genetic), parasites continue to grow normally in the host cell. However, the parasites subsequently arrest and die after infecting a new host cell. The timing of parasite death has been well characterized in Toxoplasma gondii 19, b ...
... Immediately after apicoplast perturbation (either pharmacological or genetic), parasites continue to grow normally in the host cell. However, the parasites subsequently arrest and die after infecting a new host cell. The timing of parasite death has been well characterized in Toxoplasma gondii 19, b ...
microbial metabolism of oxalate and one
... Penicillium and Mucor species is of such an order that these fungi could be used for i n d ~ ~ s t r i fermentation al for oxalate 191. On the death and decay of plants containing oxdate, the oxalate can accumulate in the soil where its chelating properties will prove toxic and interfere with plant ...
... Penicillium and Mucor species is of such an order that these fungi could be used for i n d ~ ~ s t r i fermentation al for oxalate 191. On the death and decay of plants containing oxdate, the oxalate can accumulate in the soil where its chelating properties will prove toxic and interfere with plant ...
Comparative genomic analysis of carbon and nitrogen assimilation
... bioleaching bacteria isolated from mine sites in Chile was performed. This study demonstrated that there are important differences in the carbon dioxide and nitrogen fixation mechanisms among bioleaching bacteria that coexist in mining environments. Results: In this study, we probed that both Acidit ...
... bioleaching bacteria isolated from mine sites in Chile was performed. This study demonstrated that there are important differences in the carbon dioxide and nitrogen fixation mechanisms among bioleaching bacteria that coexist in mining environments. Results: In this study, we probed that both Acidit ...
Sensitivity of plant mitochondrial terminal oxidases to the lipid
... the Aox and Cox pathways of respiration. Mitochondria were incubated for 20 min with increasing concentrations of HNE (0– 700 µM), prior to measuring oxygen consumption with succinate as substrate in the presence of ADP, to maximize electron donation to the respiratory chain. The Aox inhibitor n-PG ...
... the Aox and Cox pathways of respiration. Mitochondria were incubated for 20 min with increasing concentrations of HNE (0– 700 µM), prior to measuring oxygen consumption with succinate as substrate in the presence of ADP, to maximize electron donation to the respiratory chain. The Aox inhibitor n-PG ...
a curated database for protein phosphorylation sites in prokaryotes
... its critical roles in various cellular processes such as signal transduction. Thus, an integrative data resource of the prokaryotic phosphorylation will be useful for further analysis. In this study, we presented a curated database of phosphorylation sites in prokaryotes (dbPSP, Database URL: http:/ ...
... its critical roles in various cellular processes such as signal transduction. Thus, an integrative data resource of the prokaryotic phosphorylation will be useful for further analysis. In this study, we presented a curated database of phosphorylation sites in prokaryotes (dbPSP, Database URL: http:/ ...
laboratory of photoenvironmental biology
... The mechanism of photoactivation of PAC is a subject of great interest. However, it is difficult to obtain enough PAC from Euglena cells for photochemical and structural analyses because the efficiency of PAC purification is low; only several micrograms of PAC can be obtained from 30 litres of Eugle ...
... The mechanism of photoactivation of PAC is a subject of great interest. However, it is difficult to obtain enough PAC from Euglena cells for photochemical and structural analyses because the efficiency of PAC purification is low; only several micrograms of PAC can be obtained from 30 litres of Eugle ...
Practical part
... 2. Biogenic amines, namely histamine, serotonin, dopamine etc., are very active substances that affect markedly various physiological functions of the organism. What biochemical process is the principal pathway for biogenic amines production in body tissues? A. Decarboxylation of amino acids. B. Dea ...
... 2. Biogenic amines, namely histamine, serotonin, dopamine etc., are very active substances that affect markedly various physiological functions of the organism. What biochemical process is the principal pathway for biogenic amines production in body tissues? A. Decarboxylation of amino acids. B. Dea ...
PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY AND FRUCTOSE METABOLISM
... This enzyme also has a transferase activity that can transfer a small oligosaccharide near a branch point to a longer alpha 1-> 4 linked chain. ...
... This enzyme also has a transferase activity that can transfer a small oligosaccharide near a branch point to a longer alpha 1-> 4 linked chain. ...
Early bioenergetic evolution
... early evolving systems and early cells stand in the foreground, as do the possible mechanisms of their conversion into harnessable chemical energy for synthetic reactions. With regard to the possible temporal sequence of events, we focus on: (i) alkaline hydrothermal vents as the far-from-equilibriu ...
... early evolving systems and early cells stand in the foreground, as do the possible mechanisms of their conversion into harnessable chemical energy for synthetic reactions. With regard to the possible temporal sequence of events, we focus on: (i) alkaline hydrothermal vents as the far-from-equilibriu ...
Genomescale models of metabolism and gene expression extend
... on observations or through statistical correlations. Understanding the genotype–phenotype relationship demands vantage points at multiple scales, ranging from the molecular to the cellular. Reductionist approaches to biology have produced ‘parts lists’, and successfully identified key concepts (e.g., ...
... on observations or through statistical correlations. Understanding the genotype–phenotype relationship demands vantage points at multiple scales, ranging from the molecular to the cellular. Reductionist approaches to biology have produced ‘parts lists’, and successfully identified key concepts (e.g., ...
Vahisalu et al., 2008
... restrict the entry of ozone — an important air pollutant that has an increasingly negative impact on crop yields, and thus global carbon fixation1 and climate change2. The aperture of stomatal pores is regulated by the transport of osmotically active ions and metabolites across guard cell membranes3 ...
... restrict the entry of ozone — an important air pollutant that has an increasingly negative impact on crop yields, and thus global carbon fixation1 and climate change2. The aperture of stomatal pores is regulated by the transport of osmotically active ions and metabolites across guard cell membranes3 ...
Adhesion Properties of Indigenous Dadih Lactic Acid Bacteria on
... Adhesion Properties of Indigenous Dadih Lactic Acid Bacteria on Human Intestinal Mucosal Surface Jorry Dharmawan1, Ingrid S. Surono2 and Lee Yuan Kun* Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore ABSTRACT : Dadih is Indonesian traditional fermented buf ...
... Adhesion Properties of Indigenous Dadih Lactic Acid Bacteria on Human Intestinal Mucosal Surface Jorry Dharmawan1, Ingrid S. Surono2 and Lee Yuan Kun* Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore ABSTRACT : Dadih is Indonesian traditional fermented buf ...
Matricellular Protein Cyr61 Bridges Lysophosphatidic Acid and
... temporal and spatial expression in SMCs. We observed specific and dramatic induction of Cyr61 expression stimulated by LPA in vascular SMCs. We further explored the role of Cyr61 in LPA-induced SMC migration and related molecular mechanisms. LPA elicits cellular responses mainly via its cognate G-pr ...
... temporal and spatial expression in SMCs. We observed specific and dramatic induction of Cyr61 expression stimulated by LPA in vascular SMCs. We further explored the role of Cyr61 in LPA-induced SMC migration and related molecular mechanisms. LPA elicits cellular responses mainly via its cognate G-pr ...
AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylates transcription factors of
... M forskolin over the course of a 4-h incubation (data not shown). AICAR also stimulated transcription of the CREBdriven luciferase gene with a progressive increase in activity over the course of the 4-h period (Fig. 4A). After 24 h an approximate threefold increase occurred in luciferase activity i ...
... M forskolin over the course of a 4-h incubation (data not shown). AICAR also stimulated transcription of the CREBdriven luciferase gene with a progressive increase in activity over the course of the 4-h period (Fig. 4A). After 24 h an approximate threefold increase occurred in luciferase activity i ...
HIV-1 Vpr-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase fusion proteins
... molecular weight of the different Vpr-CAT fusion proteins ranged between approximately 29 kDa and 35 kDa. Analysis of viral lysates indicates that Vpr-CAT fusion proteins R1-42CAT, R1-80CAT, R1-88CAT and R1488CAT are packaged into virions at various levels as compared with the wild-type Vpr (Figure ...
... molecular weight of the different Vpr-CAT fusion proteins ranged between approximately 29 kDa and 35 kDa. Analysis of viral lysates indicates that Vpr-CAT fusion proteins R1-42CAT, R1-80CAT, R1-88CAT and R1488CAT are packaged into virions at various levels as compared with the wild-type Vpr (Figure ...
The Process Diagram
... subsequently stimulates its auto-phosphorylation. The three filled arrows (light green) between four RSK nodes indicate the state transitions caused by phosphorylation. Each state of phosphorylation can be described sequentially. On the other hand, the pathway from ERK to c-Myc is interpreted as ERK ...
... subsequently stimulates its auto-phosphorylation. The three filled arrows (light green) between four RSK nodes indicate the state transitions caused by phosphorylation. Each state of phosphorylation can be described sequentially. On the other hand, the pathway from ERK to c-Myc is interpreted as ERK ...
Genome-wide transcription profiling of aerobic and anaerobic
... not be formed even when cultures were supplemented with various electron acceptors (Colón-González, Méndez-Ortiz and Membrillo-Hernández 2004), or when longer incubation periods were imposed (Colón-González, Méndez-Ortiz and MembrilloHernández 2004). Furthermore, a survey of over 45 000 rand ...
... not be formed even when cultures were supplemented with various electron acceptors (Colón-González, Méndez-Ortiz and Membrillo-Hernández 2004), or when longer incubation periods were imposed (Colón-González, Méndez-Ortiz and MembrilloHernández 2004). Furthermore, a survey of over 45 000 rand ...
Identification and temporal expression of putative circadian clock
... the evening and early night results in the cytoplasmic accumulation of their cognate proteins that subsequently form stable heterodimers and translocate to the nucleus where they interfere with the action of CLK and CYC to inhibit their own transcription. Under constant conditions such as DD, this a ...
... the evening and early night results in the cytoplasmic accumulation of their cognate proteins that subsequently form stable heterodimers and translocate to the nucleus where they interfere with the action of CLK and CYC to inhibit their own transcription. Under constant conditions such as DD, this a ...