HIV-1 Transactivator of Transcription Protein Induces Mitochondrial
... ensure distribution across the mitochondrial membrane, the cells were imaged while remaining in the 1 nM TMRE/M solution, as is necessary for a continued dye equilibrium state. Random field images were taken using an Olympus IX-70 microscope and ⫻40 objective (fluorescent excitation, 545; emission, ...
... ensure distribution across the mitochondrial membrane, the cells were imaged while remaining in the 1 nM TMRE/M solution, as is necessary for a continued dye equilibrium state. Random field images were taken using an Olympus IX-70 microscope and ⫻40 objective (fluorescent excitation, 545; emission, ...
Evidence for chloroplast control of external Ca -induced
... closure is preceded by a transient increase in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) in the guard cells. Here, we provide the evidence that chloroplasts play a critical role in the generation of extracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]ext)-induced [Ca2+]cyt transients and stomatal closure in Arabidopsis. ...
... closure is preceded by a transient increase in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) in the guard cells. Here, we provide the evidence that chloroplasts play a critical role in the generation of extracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]ext)-induced [Ca2+]cyt transients and stomatal closure in Arabidopsis. ...
the signaling role of the accessory receptors cd2 and cd6 in t cell
... identified and cloned, including isoforms lacking domain 1 or domain 3. Ensuing studies showed that the differential expression of the SRCR domain 3 resulted in a remarkable functional difference: whereas full-length CD6 targeted to the immunological synapse, CD6∆d3 was unable to localize at the T c ...
... identified and cloned, including isoforms lacking domain 1 or domain 3. Ensuing studies showed that the differential expression of the SRCR domain 3 resulted in a remarkable functional difference: whereas full-length CD6 targeted to the immunological synapse, CD6∆d3 was unable to localize at the T c ...
Ions and Pollen Tube Growth
... vesicles in the apical domain (Lancelle and Hepler 1992), it is possible that release from these stores could contribute to the intracellular gradient (Fig. 2). Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3 ) has been shown to cause an increase in the intracellular [Ca2+ ] (Franklin-Tong et al. 1996; Malhó 1998 ...
... vesicles in the apical domain (Lancelle and Hepler 1992), it is possible that release from these stores could contribute to the intracellular gradient (Fig. 2). Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3 ) has been shown to cause an increase in the intracellular [Ca2+ ] (Franklin-Tong et al. 1996; Malhó 1998 ...
An UNC-40 pathway directs postsynaptic membrane
... plasma membrane processes, called muscle arms, to the motor axons to make a NMJ. The postsynaptic machinery resides at the termini of these muscle arms (White et al., 1986). In several axon guidance mutants, the motor axons fail to complete their circumferential migration to the dorsal midline and i ...
... plasma membrane processes, called muscle arms, to the motor axons to make a NMJ. The postsynaptic machinery resides at the termini of these muscle arms (White et al., 1986). In several axon guidance mutants, the motor axons fail to complete their circumferential migration to the dorsal midline and i ...
Structural Mechanisms for Regulation of Membrane
... illustrate the remarkable degree to which Rab GEFs have evolved not only to recognize different Rab substrates but also to facilitate nucleotide exchange through largely unrelated structural mechanisms. The 17 kDa protein Mss4 and its yeast ortholog Dss4 were among the first Rab GEFs identified (62, ...
... illustrate the remarkable degree to which Rab GEFs have evolved not only to recognize different Rab substrates but also to facilitate nucleotide exchange through largely unrelated structural mechanisms. The 17 kDa protein Mss4 and its yeast ortholog Dss4 were among the first Rab GEFs identified (62, ...
Localization of Ptr ToxA Produced by Pyrenophora tritici
... gained entry (reviewed in Culver, 1996). To date, no proteins have been shown to independently cross plant plasma membranes from the apoplast. P. tritici-repentis is a necrotrophic fungus and the causal agent of tan spot of wheat. The ability of P. tritici-repentis to cause disease is correlated wit ...
... gained entry (reviewed in Culver, 1996). To date, no proteins have been shown to independently cross plant plasma membranes from the apoplast. P. tritici-repentis is a necrotrophic fungus and the causal agent of tan spot of wheat. The ability of P. tritici-repentis to cause disease is correlated wit ...
Functional Characterisation of Plant
... outer membrane proteome between plants and other groups of organisms. Whilst the mitochondrial outer membrane proteome has been studied in model organisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Neurospora crassa, the components present in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) have been mostly deduced from ...
... outer membrane proteome between plants and other groups of organisms. Whilst the mitochondrial outer membrane proteome has been studied in model organisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Neurospora crassa, the components present in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) have been mostly deduced from ...
Pollen cytoskeleton during germination and tube growth
... secretory vesicles mainly contain precursors of the cell wall, such as pectins, other glycoproteins and more specific proteins such as phosphatases27. The process of secretion can be divided into two distinct phases: the production of vesicles (which is independent of the cytoskeleton) and the deliv ...
... secretory vesicles mainly contain precursors of the cell wall, such as pectins, other glycoproteins and more specific proteins such as phosphatases27. The process of secretion can be divided into two distinct phases: the production of vesicles (which is independent of the cytoskeleton) and the deliv ...
Altered & Disordered Physiology - CH 056
... • This is a potential very serious problem in neonates, which often have a mild ‘physiological jaundice’. • It is a potentially very damaging side effect in HDN. • Adults are protected from this problem by a fully functioning blood-brain barrier. RHY/CH0576 ...
... • This is a potential very serious problem in neonates, which often have a mild ‘physiological jaundice’. • It is a potentially very damaging side effect in HDN. • Adults are protected from this problem by a fully functioning blood-brain barrier. RHY/CH0576 ...
A C-terminus Mitochondrial-localization Region and BH3 Domain of
... 1972; Oppenheim 1991; Yoshida et al. 1998). One of the reasons that apoptosis is utilized for these functions is that unlike other modes of cell death, such as necrosis, apoptosis eliminates cells without eliciting an inflammatory response or causing damage to the surrounding tissue (Kerr et al. 197 ...
... 1972; Oppenheim 1991; Yoshida et al. 1998). One of the reasons that apoptosis is utilized for these functions is that unlike other modes of cell death, such as necrosis, apoptosis eliminates cells without eliciting an inflammatory response or causing damage to the surrounding tissue (Kerr et al. 197 ...
The neutrophil in vascular inflammation
... and liver during systemic infections, and this immobilization may be a mechanism through which bacteria can evade the innate immune response or allow neutrophils to form neutrophil extracellular traps that trap and kill bacteria in blood. The platelet is also an important player in sepsis, and we de ...
... and liver during systemic infections, and this immobilization may be a mechanism through which bacteria can evade the innate immune response or allow neutrophils to form neutrophil extracellular traps that trap and kill bacteria in blood. The platelet is also an important player in sepsis, and we de ...
Candida Freyschussii: an Oleaginous Yeast Producing Lipids
... A surplus of glycerol is obtained from biodiesel manufacturing and represents a waste product whose applications are lacking. Thus, the use of glycerol as substrate for fermentation processes yielding valuable products is very attractive. In this study, the utilization of glycerol as a growth substr ...
... A surplus of glycerol is obtained from biodiesel manufacturing and represents a waste product whose applications are lacking. Thus, the use of glycerol as substrate for fermentation processes yielding valuable products is very attractive. In this study, the utilization of glycerol as a growth substr ...
p23 and organization of the Golgi apparatus
... Key words: Membrane domain, Biosynthetic pathway, p24 protein family, Morphogenesis, Protein sorting ...
... Key words: Membrane domain, Biosynthetic pathway, p24 protein family, Morphogenesis, Protein sorting ...
Auxin and other signals on the move in plants
... example is the plasmodesmata-based movement of transcription factors such as SHORT-ROOT or CAPRICE, which are involved in radial root and epidermis patterning, respectively. These proteins are cytosolic and inactive in the cells in which they are produced, but after they have moved to neighboring ce ...
... example is the plasmodesmata-based movement of transcription factors such as SHORT-ROOT or CAPRICE, which are involved in radial root and epidermis patterning, respectively. These proteins are cytosolic and inactive in the cells in which they are produced, but after they have moved to neighboring ce ...
323Lecture4 - Dr. Stuart Sumida
... Medial: medial collateral ligament (MCL); very strong, trauma by means of avulsion rather than material failure. “deltoid ligament” superficial ...
... Medial: medial collateral ligament (MCL); very strong, trauma by means of avulsion rather than material failure. “deltoid ligament” superficial ...
Keeping the immune system in check: a role for mitophagy
... mitochondria is therefore a critical challenge for the cell. Surveillance systems that monitor mitochondrial status enable the cell to identify and either repair or eliminate dysfunctional mitochondria. Mitophagy is a selective form of autophagy that eliminates dysfunctional mitochondria from the po ...
... mitochondria is therefore a critical challenge for the cell. Surveillance systems that monitor mitochondrial status enable the cell to identify and either repair or eliminate dysfunctional mitochondria. Mitophagy is a selective form of autophagy that eliminates dysfunctional mitochondria from the po ...
Document
... Medial: medial collateral ligament (MCL); very strong, trauma by means of avulsion rather than material failure. “deltoid ligament” superficial ...
... Medial: medial collateral ligament (MCL); very strong, trauma by means of avulsion rather than material failure. “deltoid ligament” superficial ...
Cytokinesis defines a spatial landmark for hepatocyte polarization
... 17.5, which covers the developmental period for active bile canaliculus biogenesis (Kung et al., 2010; Navarro-Alvarez et al., 2010). Because of the difficulty in distinguishing the true fluorescence signal at the two-cell stage from the background noise in the liver sections (both appeared as small ...
... 17.5, which covers the developmental period for active bile canaliculus biogenesis (Kung et al., 2010; Navarro-Alvarez et al., 2010). Because of the difficulty in distinguishing the true fluorescence signal at the two-cell stage from the background noise in the liver sections (both appeared as small ...
Biogenesis of proteins of the mitochondrial intermembrane space
... innermost matrix space. The outer membrane is strongly enriched in porins, which form channels in the lipid bilayer and allow the passage of water, many small molecules and ions. It contains also many proteins regulating the mitochondrial morphology and mediating apoptosis. The inner membrane is imp ...
... innermost matrix space. The outer membrane is strongly enriched in porins, which form channels in the lipid bilayer and allow the passage of water, many small molecules and ions. It contains also many proteins regulating the mitochondrial morphology and mediating apoptosis. The inner membrane is imp ...
Combating MultidrugResistant Bacteria: Current
... evidence that resistance mechanisms existed in bacteria many years prior to our exploitation of antimicrobials as therapeutic agents in the clinic.[10] A recent study involving the metagenomic analysis of 30 000 year-old DNA found in Beringian permafrost sediments discovered genes encoding resistanc ...
... evidence that resistance mechanisms existed in bacteria many years prior to our exploitation of antimicrobials as therapeutic agents in the clinic.[10] A recent study involving the metagenomic analysis of 30 000 year-old DNA found in Beringian permafrost sediments discovered genes encoding resistanc ...
Functional and structural studies of a C
... group of an amino acid esterified to a second tRNA molecule. The site on the ribosome occupied by peptidyl tRNAs just before peptide bond transfer occurs is called the P site. The site occupied by aminoacyl tRNAs is called the A site (Monro et al., 1969). The third major site is called E site throug ...
... group of an amino acid esterified to a second tRNA molecule. The site on the ribosome occupied by peptidyl tRNAs just before peptide bond transfer occurs is called the P site. The site occupied by aminoacyl tRNAs is called the A site (Monro et al., 1969). The third major site is called E site throug ...
Cell Functions Phospholipid-Binding Motif that Regulates T Subunit
... the number of TCR ITAMs available for phosphorylation directly regulates both positive and negative selection processes in the thymus (6, 7). Moreover, a minimal number of functional ITAMs within the TCR complex is needed to prevent autoimmunity, demonstrating that the regulation of ITAM phosphoryla ...
... the number of TCR ITAMs available for phosphorylation directly regulates both positive and negative selection processes in the thymus (6, 7). Moreover, a minimal number of functional ITAMs within the TCR complex is needed to prevent autoimmunity, demonstrating that the regulation of ITAM phosphoryla ...
Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacterial Respiration
... assuming a linear response over the limited concentration range employed (5 mM decreasing to 4 mM). To ensure that changes during the course of the reaction, and additions to the reaction mixture, did not interfere with the response of the nitrate electrode, calibrating additions of nitrate, nitrite ...
... assuming a linear response over the limited concentration range employed (5 mM decreasing to 4 mM). To ensure that changes during the course of the reaction, and additions to the reaction mixture, did not interfere with the response of the nitrate electrode, calibrating additions of nitrate, nitrite ...
Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. The basic function of the cell membrane is to protect the cell from its surroundings. It consists of the phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. Cell membranes are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as cell adhesion, ion conductivity and cell signalling and serve as the attachment surface for several extracellular structures, including the cell wall, glycocalyx, and intracellular cytoskeleton. Cell membranes can be artificially reassembled.