Introduction to genome biology
... • A deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA molecule is a double-stranded polymer composed of four basic molecular units called nucleotides. • Each nucleotide comprises a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and one of four nitrogen bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). • The two cha ...
... • A deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA molecule is a double-stranded polymer composed of four basic molecular units called nucleotides. • Each nucleotide comprises a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and one of four nitrogen bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). • The two cha ...
Metabolism of amino acids, porphyrins
... E1 - ubiquitin-activating enzyme (attachment of ubiquitin to a sulfhydryl group of E1; ATP-driven reaction) E2 - ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (ubiquitin is shuttled to a sulfhydryl group of E2) E3 - ubiquitin-protein ligase (transfer of ubiquitin from E2 to -amino group on the target protein) ...
... E1 - ubiquitin-activating enzyme (attachment of ubiquitin to a sulfhydryl group of E1; ATP-driven reaction) E2 - ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (ubiquitin is shuttled to a sulfhydryl group of E2) E3 - ubiquitin-protein ligase (transfer of ubiquitin from E2 to -amino group on the target protein) ...
DNA - SchoolRack
... Because the new DNA molecules have one old strand (parent), and one new strand (daughter), we say that replication is a semi-conservative process. ...
... Because the new DNA molecules have one old strand (parent), and one new strand (daughter), we say that replication is a semi-conservative process. ...
BIOLOGY (Theory)
... amino acid that gets linked with the initiator tRNA. Initiator tRNA carries amino acid methionine at its amino acid binding site and has anticodon UCA at its anticodon binding site. Initiator tRNA binds with the codon (AUG) present on the mRNA and in this way the initiator tRNA plays a role in initi ...
... amino acid that gets linked with the initiator tRNA. Initiator tRNA carries amino acid methionine at its amino acid binding site and has anticodon UCA at its anticodon binding site. Initiator tRNA binds with the codon (AUG) present on the mRNA and in this way the initiator tRNA plays a role in initi ...
Amino Acid Catabolism
... Non-essential Amino Acid Biosynthesis • Transamination – Pyruvatealanine – Oxaloacetateaspartate – a-ketoglutarateglutamate ...
... Non-essential Amino Acid Biosynthesis • Transamination – Pyruvatealanine – Oxaloacetateaspartate – a-ketoglutarateglutamate ...
Lecture 15: Translation and Transcription
... Termination codon (stop codon)—base triplet (codon) on mRNA that signals translation to stop a. UAA, UAG, UGA b. Stop codons do not code for amino acids When reached, release factor binds to the codon and initiates the following events: a. Bond between the polypeptide and tRNA in the P site is hydro ...
... Termination codon (stop codon)—base triplet (codon) on mRNA that signals translation to stop a. UAA, UAG, UGA b. Stop codons do not code for amino acids When reached, release factor binds to the codon and initiates the following events: a. Bond between the polypeptide and tRNA in the P site is hydro ...
Macromolecule Expert Sheets
... 9. What kind of molecules will result when a protein is completely hydrolyzed? A mixture of various amino acids will result. 10. What makes different kinds of proteins unique? The sequence of amino acids (primary structure) 11. Explain how a protein’s shape is determined. Some of the side chains for ...
... 9. What kind of molecules will result when a protein is completely hydrolyzed? A mixture of various amino acids will result. 10. What makes different kinds of proteins unique? The sequence of amino acids (primary structure) 11. Explain how a protein’s shape is determined. Some of the side chains for ...
SBI4U Molecular genetics UNIT_AK
... ___ 15.A particular operon is controlled by a repressor. It is not transcribed in the presence of protein X. When concentrations of protein X decline, transcription of the operon occurs. Which statement describes the situation best? a. this is positive regulation, and protein X is the effector b. t ...
... ___ 15.A particular operon is controlled by a repressor. It is not transcribed in the presence of protein X. When concentrations of protein X decline, transcription of the operon occurs. Which statement describes the situation best? a. this is positive regulation, and protein X is the effector b. t ...
Import Settings
... E) the amino acid carries no net electrical charge 18. Amino acid side-chain residues have: A) a positive charge in every situation B) pKs that assure the solubility of every protein C) constant pKs no matter what aqueous environment they are found in D) different pKs in peptides as compared to the ...
... E) the amino acid carries no net electrical charge 18. Amino acid side-chain residues have: A) a positive charge in every situation B) pKs that assure the solubility of every protein C) constant pKs no matter what aqueous environment they are found in D) different pKs in peptides as compared to the ...
The Importance of Non-Coding DNA
... Some mutations may be involved in how DNA is turned into mRNA. There are two main ways to know if your allele fits this category. The first is if your allele contains a mutation in an intron or another DNA area that is not an exon; "non-coding DNA". The second is if your allele contains a mutation i ...
... Some mutations may be involved in how DNA is turned into mRNA. There are two main ways to know if your allele fits this category. The first is if your allele contains a mutation in an intron or another DNA area that is not an exon; "non-coding DNA". The second is if your allele contains a mutation i ...
Chapter 25 Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
... Amino acids in which the two functional groups are separated by exactly one carbon atom are called _______ amino acids. Amino acids are coupled together by amide linkages called ____________ bonds. Relatively short chains of amino acids are called ___________. Only twenty amino acids are abundantly ...
... Amino acids in which the two functional groups are separated by exactly one carbon atom are called _______ amino acids. Amino acids are coupled together by amide linkages called ____________ bonds. Relatively short chains of amino acids are called ___________. Only twenty amino acids are abundantly ...
Instructional Objectives—DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis
... Objective 10: Identify the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis. What is the job of the ribosome? Translate the mRNA code into a protein by connecting the mRNA codon with the appropriate tRNA anti-codon. Objective 11: Describe the role of DNA, mRNA, tRNA and ribosomes in protein synthesis. Descr ...
... Objective 10: Identify the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis. What is the job of the ribosome? Translate the mRNA code into a protein by connecting the mRNA codon with the appropriate tRNA anti-codon. Objective 11: Describe the role of DNA, mRNA, tRNA and ribosomes in protein synthesis. Descr ...
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry
... Digestion of dietary protein Protein in stomach stimulates production of hormone gastrin. Gastrin stimulates secretion of HCl and the protease pepsin. Pepsin hydrolyzes proteins on amino side of Phe, Trp, Tyr. In small intestine acidic contents stimulate secretion of the hormone secretin. Secretin ...
... Digestion of dietary protein Protein in stomach stimulates production of hormone gastrin. Gastrin stimulates secretion of HCl and the protease pepsin. Pepsin hydrolyzes proteins on amino side of Phe, Trp, Tyr. In small intestine acidic contents stimulate secretion of the hormone secretin. Secretin ...
Name
... psychological barrier) that limits interbreeding between groups and is thereby a major factor in the differentiation of biological units (as races or species) ...
... psychological barrier) that limits interbreeding between groups and is thereby a major factor in the differentiation of biological units (as races or species) ...
DNA Structure and Function
... complementary triplet on mRNA on the ribosome 3. The ribosome attaches one amino acid to another as it moves along the mRNA molecule 4. The tRNA molecules are released after the amino acids they carry are attached to the growing chain of amino acids 5. The ribosome completes the translation when it ...
... complementary triplet on mRNA on the ribosome 3. The ribosome attaches one amino acid to another as it moves along the mRNA molecule 4. The tRNA molecules are released after the amino acids they carry are attached to the growing chain of amino acids 5. The ribosome completes the translation when it ...
Biology 303 EXAM III
... smallest possible size for a codon that accommodates all amino acids unambiguously. In this particular world, which of the following mutations in the coding region of a gene would not cause a frame-shift? 1. an insertion of 2 nucleotides 2. an insertion of 3 nucleotides. 3. a deletion of 8 nucleotid ...
... smallest possible size for a codon that accommodates all amino acids unambiguously. In this particular world, which of the following mutations in the coding region of a gene would not cause a frame-shift? 1. an insertion of 2 nucleotides 2. an insertion of 3 nucleotides. 3. a deletion of 8 nucleotid ...
MCB Lecture 2 – Amino Acids and Proteins
... polypeptide chain can take multiple secondary arrangements. Changing domains has been the cause of evolutionary differences in species. Example: actin fold where ATP binds. Quaternary Structure – Multiple protein subunits bound together to form a 3dimensional shape. Hydropathy Plot – A plot that det ...
... polypeptide chain can take multiple secondary arrangements. Changing domains has been the cause of evolutionary differences in species. Example: actin fold where ATP binds. Quaternary Structure – Multiple protein subunits bound together to form a 3dimensional shape. Hydropathy Plot – A plot that det ...
Chapter 5: Biological Molecules Molecules of Life • All life made up
... Changes in pH, salt, temp, or other environmental factors can cause proteins to unravel o Denaturation – loss of protein’s native structure; becomes biologically inactive Protein Folding o Most go thru several states on way to a stable structure o Chaperonin – protein that assists in proper fold ...
... Changes in pH, salt, temp, or other environmental factors can cause proteins to unravel o Denaturation – loss of protein’s native structure; becomes biologically inactive Protein Folding o Most go thru several states on way to a stable structure o Chaperonin – protein that assists in proper fold ...
Biology 321 Answers to Problem Set 6
... c. Neutral missense mutation (note legend at bottom of table that indicates that all people genotyped were healthy non-NIDDM) d. Examination of a normal control group is important because some sequence variations will be associated with disease and others will have no obvious effect on the encoded p ...
... c. Neutral missense mutation (note legend at bottom of table that indicates that all people genotyped were healthy non-NIDDM) d. Examination of a normal control group is important because some sequence variations will be associated with disease and others will have no obvious effect on the encoded p ...
STAAR Review 4
... 12. After performing amniocentesis, which analysis is most often used to determine the chromosomal condition of a developing fetus? a. blood type b. DNA sequence c. genetic marker d. karyotype ...
... 12. After performing amniocentesis, which analysis is most often used to determine the chromosomal condition of a developing fetus? a. blood type b. DNA sequence c. genetic marker d. karyotype ...
Biology 12 DNA Functions Functions of DNA: 1. To replicate or make
... 3. mRNA travels to a ribosome site in the cytoplasm where the code is used to make a polypeptide chain. (3 bases on mRNA called a codon) 4. tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome. (3 bases on tRNA called an anticodon). Anticodons match with codons. Amino Acids link through peptide bonds. 5. ribosom ...
... 3. mRNA travels to a ribosome site in the cytoplasm where the code is used to make a polypeptide chain. (3 bases on mRNA called a codon) 4. tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome. (3 bases on tRNA called an anticodon). Anticodons match with codons. Amino Acids link through peptide bonds. 5. ribosom ...
Codon Dictionary Worksheet
... Which codon attracts the tRNA that carries the amino acid “met” (methionine)? (Answer #11 below) By knowing that the DNA sense-strand triplet codes for the mRNA codon, which is complementary to the tRNA anticodon, which carries a particular amino acid, you can determine any four of these things sim ...
... Which codon attracts the tRNA that carries the amino acid “met” (methionine)? (Answer #11 below) By knowing that the DNA sense-strand triplet codes for the mRNA codon, which is complementary to the tRNA anticodon, which carries a particular amino acid, you can determine any four of these things sim ...
DNA Polymerase
... of RNA (all of which are assembled by DNA) The DNA functions as the boss and the RNA as the workers. The code for a particular protein is held by the DNA. RNA converts the code into specific proteins Plants assemble their amino acids from nutrients acquired from the soil. How do animals acquire thei ...
... of RNA (all of which are assembled by DNA) The DNA functions as the boss and the RNA as the workers. The code for a particular protein is held by the DNA. RNA converts the code into specific proteins Plants assemble their amino acids from nutrients acquired from the soil. How do animals acquire thei ...
Genetic code
The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded within genetic material (DNA or mRNA sequences) is translated into proteins by living cells. Biological decoding is accomplished by the ribosome, which links amino acids in an order specified by mRNA, using transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to carry amino acids and to read the mRNA three nucleotides at a time. The genetic code is highly similar among all organisms and can be expressed in a simple table with 64 entries.The code defines how sequences of these nucleotide triplets, called codons, specify which amino acid will be added next during protein synthesis. With some exceptions, a three-nucleotide codon in a nucleic acid sequence specifies a single amino acid. Because the vast majority of genes are encoded with exactly the same code (see the RNA codon table), this particular code is often referred to as the canonical or standard genetic code, or simply the genetic code, though in fact some variant codes have evolved. For example, protein synthesis in human mitochondria relies on a genetic code that differs from the standard genetic code.While the genetic code determines the protein sequence for a given coding region, other genomic regions can influence when and where these proteins are produced.