Ans 518_class 4
... • Using C-containing molecules that originated with dietary carbohydrate and metabolized to tricarboxylic acids , we are generating ATP and reducing power that will flow into the electron transport chain • “anything containing C and H that can be reduced to CO2 and H2O contains energy”…..oxygen serv ...
... • Using C-containing molecules that originated with dietary carbohydrate and metabolized to tricarboxylic acids , we are generating ATP and reducing power that will flow into the electron transport chain • “anything containing C and H that can be reduced to CO2 and H2O contains energy”…..oxygen serv ...
Stryer An overview of the citric acid cycle
... Origin of mitochondria: the endosymbiont hypothesis The endosymbiont hypothesis suggests that mitochondria have evolved from anaerobic bacteria which were phagocytosed by eukaryote cells at the time oxygen appeared on earth, Similarities between mitochondria and bacteria include the presence of: • ...
... Origin of mitochondria: the endosymbiont hypothesis The endosymbiont hypothesis suggests that mitochondria have evolved from anaerobic bacteria which were phagocytosed by eukaryote cells at the time oxygen appeared on earth, Similarities between mitochondria and bacteria include the presence of: • ...
Microsoft Word
... (GFAT) Targeted Inhibitors which has been divided into five sections. Section A provides a brief introduction about Glutamine-Fructose 6-Phosphate Amidotransferse (GFAT) enzyme. Section B deals with asymmetric synthesis of non-proteinogenic amino acids with enzyme L-Amino Acid Transaminase. ...
... (GFAT) Targeted Inhibitors which has been divided into five sections. Section A provides a brief introduction about Glutamine-Fructose 6-Phosphate Amidotransferse (GFAT) enzyme. Section B deals with asymmetric synthesis of non-proteinogenic amino acids with enzyme L-Amino Acid Transaminase. ...
bio12_sm_02_2
... acids from associating and forming a non-fluid gel, thus increasing fluidity of the membrane. (b) Answers may vary. Sample answer: Cholesterol is a sterol that is found in membranes of animal cells but not in plant cells or in prokaryotes. 7. Cholesterol’s hydrocarbon tail is made up of hydrogen and ...
... acids from associating and forming a non-fluid gel, thus increasing fluidity of the membrane. (b) Answers may vary. Sample answer: Cholesterol is a sterol that is found in membranes of animal cells but not in plant cells or in prokaryotes. 7. Cholesterol’s hydrocarbon tail is made up of hydrogen and ...
lecture notes-metabolism pathways-complete notes
... Metabolism can be subdivided by - Catabolism: The intracellular process of degrading a compound into smaller and simpler products and generating energy. Glucose to CO2, and H2O, protein to amino acids. - Anabolism: the synthesis of more complex compounds and requires energy. Synthesis of small molec ...
... Metabolism can be subdivided by - Catabolism: The intracellular process of degrading a compound into smaller and simpler products and generating energy. Glucose to CO2, and H2O, protein to amino acids. - Anabolism: the synthesis of more complex compounds and requires energy. Synthesis of small molec ...
Document
... • Cats are specifically adapted for a high protein, low carb diet. They depend on gluconeogenesis as a major source of energy. Cat’s are limited in their ability to conserve protein due to continuous protein catabolism. • Metabolism of excess amino acids increases liver and kidney overload. ...
... • Cats are specifically adapted for a high protein, low carb diet. They depend on gluconeogenesis as a major source of energy. Cat’s are limited in their ability to conserve protein due to continuous protein catabolism. • Metabolism of excess amino acids increases liver and kidney overload. ...
Week 9 Topic: Nutrition and Digestion Reading: Chapter 30 Main
... • The term “energy” is often misunderstood. Many people think of energy as a kind of substance. We use the word “energy” when we describe how we feel, so it seems evident that caffeine gives us “energy” — but it doesn’t in a scientific sense. Caffeine is a nervous stimulant, not a source of food ene ...
... • The term “energy” is often misunderstood. Many people think of energy as a kind of substance. We use the word “energy” when we describe how we feel, so it seems evident that caffeine gives us “energy” — but it doesn’t in a scientific sense. Caffeine is a nervous stimulant, not a source of food ene ...
Human Metabolism: Macronutrients Instructors: Rosalind Coleman
... Prerequisites: NUTR 400 (or CHEM/BIOL 430) OR for PhD students, a biochemistry course; CHEM 261 (organic chemistry) & BIOL 252 (anatomy/physiology) or equivalents. Course Description: My objective is to enable UNC students to understand the relationships between macronutrient biochemistry and metabo ...
... Prerequisites: NUTR 400 (or CHEM/BIOL 430) OR for PhD students, a biochemistry course; CHEM 261 (organic chemistry) & BIOL 252 (anatomy/physiology) or equivalents. Course Description: My objective is to enable UNC students to understand the relationships between macronutrient biochemistry and metabo ...
Biochemistry of Gastrointestinal Fluid and Enzymes
... 1. Most bacteria killed by stomach acid or enzymes 2. Some survive or come up from the anus 3. Ferment indigestible carbohydrates (such as cellulose) 4. Release acids and gases (about 500 mL/day) 5. Also release B complex vitamins and most of the body’s vitamin K need (for clotting) ...
... 1. Most bacteria killed by stomach acid or enzymes 2. Some survive or come up from the anus 3. Ferment indigestible carbohydrates (such as cellulose) 4. Release acids and gases (about 500 mL/day) 5. Also release B complex vitamins and most of the body’s vitamin K need (for clotting) ...
Ch36-Integration of Carbohydrate and Lipid
... cytosol. Pyruvate can only be converted to acetyl CoA in mitochondria, so it enters mitochondria and forms acetyl CoA through the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) reaction. This enzyme is dephosphorylated and most active when its supply of substrates and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is high, its products ...
... cytosol. Pyruvate can only be converted to acetyl CoA in mitochondria, so it enters mitochondria and forms acetyl CoA through the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) reaction. This enzyme is dephosphorylated and most active when its supply of substrates and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is high, its products ...
No Slide Title
... Catabolic plasmids (degradation of unusual, nonessential substrates, PAHs, PCBs, chlorophenols, ...
... Catabolic plasmids (degradation of unusual, nonessential substrates, PAHs, PCBs, chlorophenols, ...
For the following mix equal volumes of one solution from Group I
... For the following, mix equal volumes of one solution from Group I with one solution from Group II to achieve the indicated general pH. Then calculate the actual pH of the mixed solution (this requires setting up an I.C.E. table). a. b. c. ...
... For the following, mix equal volumes of one solution from Group I with one solution from Group II to achieve the indicated general pH. Then calculate the actual pH of the mixed solution (this requires setting up an I.C.E. table). a. b. c. ...
Gene Section FABP7 (fatty acid binding protein 7, brain)
... Crystal structure of FABP7 bound to DHA. The structure of FABP7 is similar to that of other FABPs and consists of two Nterminal α-helices attached to a β-barrel motif (left). Three amino acids are predicted to be important for fatty acid binding: F104 (fuchsia), arginine 126 (red) and Y128 (teal) ba ...
... Crystal structure of FABP7 bound to DHA. The structure of FABP7 is similar to that of other FABPs and consists of two Nterminal α-helices attached to a β-barrel motif (left). Three amino acids are predicted to be important for fatty acid binding: F104 (fuchsia), arginine 126 (red) and Y128 (teal) ba ...
Citric Acid Cycle
... Products from One Turn of the Cycle Acetyl-CoA + 3NAD+ + FAD + GDP + Pi + 2 H2O 2CO2 +3NADH + FADH2 + GTP + CoA + 3H+ • One acetyl enters in a form of Acetyl-CoA • Carbon is oxidized to CO2 • Electrons from oxidation are captured on 3 NADH and 1 FADH2 • Production of one GTP (ATP) • One molecule of ...
... Products from One Turn of the Cycle Acetyl-CoA + 3NAD+ + FAD + GDP + Pi + 2 H2O 2CO2 +3NADH + FADH2 + GTP + CoA + 3H+ • One acetyl enters in a form of Acetyl-CoA • Carbon is oxidized to CO2 • Electrons from oxidation are captured on 3 NADH and 1 FADH2 • Production of one GTP (ATP) • One molecule of ...
Step 1: Hexokinase
... • Reading for Friday, Feb. 23 on integration of metabolism: 258-262 • Reading for Monday, Feb. 26 on respiration: 265-271 • Homework due Monday, Feb. 26: Problem 9-5 – Convert all concentrations to M, and your answer will be in M. – Don’t worry about [H+] – use equations as given in problem. – Deter ...
... • Reading for Friday, Feb. 23 on integration of metabolism: 258-262 • Reading for Monday, Feb. 26 on respiration: 265-271 • Homework due Monday, Feb. 26: Problem 9-5 – Convert all concentrations to M, and your answer will be in M. – Don’t worry about [H+] – use equations as given in problem. – Deter ...
Chapter 5 - Ellis Benjamin
... molecule transfers P to ADP • Does not require oxygen (anaerobic) • Net gain of 2 ATPs • Results in 2 pyruvate and 2 NADH molecules per glucose that goes through glycolysis ...
... molecule transfers P to ADP • Does not require oxygen (anaerobic) • Net gain of 2 ATPs • Results in 2 pyruvate and 2 NADH molecules per glucose that goes through glycolysis ...
Cellular Respiration
... and _________________ _____________________ is released Bubbles formed from the _________________ gas escaping Yeast is then _____________ by the ethanol Used to make ________________, ________________, ...
... and _________________ _____________________ is released Bubbles formed from the _________________ gas escaping Yeast is then _____________ by the ethanol Used to make ________________, ________________, ...
Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle, also called the Krebs cycle or
... cycle or the citric acid cycle) It is the final pathway where the oxidative metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids converge, their carbon skeletons being converted to CO2 and H2O. This oxidation provides energy for the production of the majority of ATP in most animals, including h ...
... cycle or the citric acid cycle) It is the final pathway where the oxidative metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids converge, their carbon skeletons being converted to CO2 and H2O. This oxidation provides energy for the production of the majority of ATP in most animals, including h ...
Reactions of the citric acid cycle
... cycle or the citric acid cycle) It is the final pathway where the oxidative metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids converge, their carbon skeletons being converted to CO2 and H2O. This oxidation provides energy for the production of the majority of ATP in most animals, including h ...
... cycle or the citric acid cycle) It is the final pathway where the oxidative metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids converge, their carbon skeletons being converted to CO2 and H2O. This oxidation provides energy for the production of the majority of ATP in most animals, including h ...
NotesSkeletalMuscleActivity
... Provides 30-60 seconds of energy Faster than aerobic respiration but very inefficient Lactic acid build up in muscles and leads to muscle soreness & fatigue ...
... Provides 30-60 seconds of energy Faster than aerobic respiration but very inefficient Lactic acid build up in muscles and leads to muscle soreness & fatigue ...
IB496-April 10 - School of Life Sciences
... Summarizing statements • To arrive at the total carbon balance, all reactions leading to amino acids had to be quantified (count isotopomers). • The contribution of carbon from OAA (which would be unlabeled in shorttime experiments) had to be tested. • The lack of re-utilization of pyruvate back to ...
... Summarizing statements • To arrive at the total carbon balance, all reactions leading to amino acids had to be quantified (count isotopomers). • The contribution of carbon from OAA (which would be unlabeled in shorttime experiments) had to be tested. • The lack of re-utilization of pyruvate back to ...
doc BIOC 311 Final Study Guide
... Glucose + 4ADP + 2NAD+ → 2Pyruvate + 4ATP + 2NADH + 2H2O D. Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate and its regulation 1. Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F2,6BP) is a potent activator of PFK, and is regulated by another mechanism. 2. This mechanism is a balance between fructose-6-phosphate's phosphorylation by PFK-2 o ...
... Glucose + 4ADP + 2NAD+ → 2Pyruvate + 4ATP + 2NADH + 2H2O D. Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate and its regulation 1. Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F2,6BP) is a potent activator of PFK, and is regulated by another mechanism. 2. This mechanism is a balance between fructose-6-phosphate's phosphorylation by PFK-2 o ...
CHEM 2218 Inorganic Chemistry I (Final Exam sample paper)
... Predict which way the following reactions will go (left or right) (a) [AlF6]3+ + Ga(CN)6]3+ [GaF6]3+ + Al(CN)6]3+ (a) W(CO)5(PMe3) + NMe3 W(CO)5(NMe3) + PMe3 ...
... Predict which way the following reactions will go (left or right) (a) [AlF6]3+ + Ga(CN)6]3+ [GaF6]3+ + Al(CN)6]3+ (a) W(CO)5(PMe3) + NMe3 W(CO)5(NMe3) + PMe3 ...
The pH Scale
... “pH” stands for “potential hydrogen.” ◦ It is a measure of the amount of hydrogen ions dissolved in water ◦ Remember an “ion” is a charged atom ◦ Water can dissolve to form hydrogen (H+ ) and ...
... “pH” stands for “potential hydrogen.” ◦ It is a measure of the amount of hydrogen ions dissolved in water ◦ Remember an “ion” is a charged atom ◦ Water can dissolve to form hydrogen (H+ ) and ...
Slides - gserianne.com
... • heat, light, sound, electricity, mechanical energy, chemical energy • changed from one form to another, but NEVER destroyed (law of conservation of energy) • involved in all metabolic reactions Release of chemical energy • most metabolic processes depend on chemical energy • oxidation of glucose g ...
... • heat, light, sound, electricity, mechanical energy, chemical energy • changed from one form to another, but NEVER destroyed (law of conservation of energy) • involved in all metabolic reactions Release of chemical energy • most metabolic processes depend on chemical energy • oxidation of glucose g ...