What is a cell?
... quality of energy. To convert it to mechanical energy, E, you will always get less than Q, E < Q -> Mechanical energy = high quality • Q is in the Brownian motion of atoms – larger if T grows. The randomness is measured by S (entropy). • How much useful energy is in the system, F (free energy) ...
... quality of energy. To convert it to mechanical energy, E, you will always get less than Q, E < Q -> Mechanical energy = high quality • Q is in the Brownian motion of atoms – larger if T grows. The randomness is measured by S (entropy). • How much useful energy is in the system, F (free energy) ...
Transport and Metabolism Group work
... 3. transport in the nutrients they need to harvest energy and make precursor metabolites a. that will allow them to build amino acid, nucleotide, lipid, and carbohydrate subunits, i. which will allow them to build protein, nucleic acid, lipid, and polysaccharide macromolecules through the processes ...
... 3. transport in the nutrients they need to harvest energy and make precursor metabolites a. that will allow them to build amino acid, nucleotide, lipid, and carbohydrate subunits, i. which will allow them to build protein, nucleic acid, lipid, and polysaccharide macromolecules through the processes ...
Introduction Methods Procedure Conclusion and Future Work
... cells. A molecule that can bring together two proteins is called a dimer. Studying the dimerization or proteins can help determine how protein-protein interactions alters its function as well as the behavior of cells. This could also be related to cancerous cells. It is possible that when specific p ...
... cells. A molecule that can bring together two proteins is called a dimer. Studying the dimerization or proteins can help determine how protein-protein interactions alters its function as well as the behavior of cells. This could also be related to cancerous cells. It is possible that when specific p ...
Bio2201Unit1SG File
... 12. Explain osmosis. Under which condition does water move into the cell? Out of the cell? Under which condition do equal amounts of water enter and exit the cell? 13. How does osmosis affect plant and animal cells differently? 14. Explain facilitated diffusion. Name a molecule that moves across th ...
... 12. Explain osmosis. Under which condition does water move into the cell? Out of the cell? Under which condition do equal amounts of water enter and exit the cell? 13. How does osmosis affect plant and animal cells differently? 14. Explain facilitated diffusion. Name a molecule that moves across th ...
115 things you should know for the living environment regents exam
... the law of complementary base pairing. AT-CG 33. During DNA replication, the double strand of DNA unzips as weak H bonds between the base pairs are broken. 34. DNA---> RNA-----> Protein 35. DNA mutations may result in the production of abnormal proteins that do not function correctly, or the stoppin ...
... the law of complementary base pairing. AT-CG 33. During DNA replication, the double strand of DNA unzips as weak H bonds between the base pairs are broken. 34. DNA---> RNA-----> Protein 35. DNA mutations may result in the production of abnormal proteins that do not function correctly, or the stoppin ...
Study Guide - Wisconsin Media Lab
... Sugars are simple carbohydrates. Starch, a polysaccharide, is a complex carbohydrate, made from many sugar molecules. When an animal eats a starch – its digestive enzymes render the polymer back to its building block sugars, ready for absorption. Lipids are made of short carbon chains called fatty a ...
... Sugars are simple carbohydrates. Starch, a polysaccharide, is a complex carbohydrate, made from many sugar molecules. When an animal eats a starch – its digestive enzymes render the polymer back to its building block sugars, ready for absorption. Lipids are made of short carbon chains called fatty a ...
CELL STRUCTURE
... 19. Hydrolytic enzymes must be segregated and packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular components. Which of the following pairs of organelles are involved in the packaging and storage of these hydrolytic enzymes? a. Lysosome; peroxisome ...
... 19. Hydrolytic enzymes must be segregated and packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular components. Which of the following pairs of organelles are involved in the packaging and storage of these hydrolytic enzymes? a. Lysosome; peroxisome ...
Cells, tissues, membranes
... • DNA – template for synthesis of proteins • DNA – genetic information about sequence of amino acids needed for a protein. • Mitochondria generate the energy [ATP] in a cell from glucose. • Skeletal muscle has more mitochondria than epithelial cells as the muscle needs lots of ATP to function, so ne ...
... • DNA – template for synthesis of proteins • DNA – genetic information about sequence of amino acids needed for a protein. • Mitochondria generate the energy [ATP] in a cell from glucose. • Skeletal muscle has more mitochondria than epithelial cells as the muscle needs lots of ATP to function, so ne ...
115 things you should know for the living environment
... 3. Enzymes are protein molecules that catalyze (help) chemical reactions. 4. The 3-dimensional shape of a molecule it important to its proper functioning. 5. Bacteria are prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus and,other membrane bound orgenelles. 6. The nucleus contains DNA in eukaryotic cells. 7. ...
... 3. Enzymes are protein molecules that catalyze (help) chemical reactions. 4. The 3-dimensional shape of a molecule it important to its proper functioning. 5. Bacteria are prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus and,other membrane bound orgenelles. 6. The nucleus contains DNA in eukaryotic cells. 7. ...
Final Exam Review Packet (Scary, Isn`t It?) Date: Time: Room
... 6. pH scale- What does it go from and how much is each step? ________________0-14; 7 is neutral; above 7= Base (alkaline); below 7= Acid ___ MACROMOLECULES 3. name the building blocks as well as any special properties of the following: a. Carbohydrates- Carbon:Hydrogen:Oxygen (1:2:1 ratio); energy s ...
... 6. pH scale- What does it go from and how much is each step? ________________0-14; 7 is neutral; above 7= Base (alkaline); below 7= Acid ___ MACROMOLECULES 3. name the building blocks as well as any special properties of the following: a. Carbohydrates- Carbon:Hydrogen:Oxygen (1:2:1 ratio); energy s ...
8/27 Organic Chemistry
... • AA's covalently bonded together by “peptide bonds” between carboxyl and amino groups • a water molecule is created as well • form dipeptides tripeptides polypeptides ...
... • AA's covalently bonded together by “peptide bonds” between carboxyl and amino groups • a water molecule is created as well • form dipeptides tripeptides polypeptides ...
The Chemical Building Blocks of Life
... • Proteins are polymers of 20 different kinds of amino acids, arranged in specific orders. (p. 41) • The 20 common amino acids are grouped into five chemical classes: nonpolar, polar uncharged, charged, aromatic, and special function. (p. 41) • A peptide bond is a covalent bond that links two amino ...
... • Proteins are polymers of 20 different kinds of amino acids, arranged in specific orders. (p. 41) • The 20 common amino acids are grouped into five chemical classes: nonpolar, polar uncharged, charged, aromatic, and special function. (p. 41) • A peptide bond is a covalent bond that links two amino ...
programmed cell death
... ( Body fluids ):-In the average young adult male , 18% of the body weight is protein and related substances , 7% is mineral and 15% is fat .The remaining 60% is water . -Total body water is comprised of extracellular and intracellular fluid. -The extracellular fluid can be subdivided into two main ...
... ( Body fluids ):-In the average young adult male , 18% of the body weight is protein and related substances , 7% is mineral and 15% is fat .The remaining 60% is water . -Total body water is comprised of extracellular and intracellular fluid. -The extracellular fluid can be subdivided into two main ...
Microbe Diversity
... A) Viruses cannot replicate their own nucleic acids; bacteria can. B) Viral genomes can be replicated faster than bacterial genomes. C) Viruses can replicate their own nucleic acids; bacteria can’t. D) Viruses replicate using transduction; bacteria replicate using conjugation. E) Viral genomes are ...
... A) Viruses cannot replicate their own nucleic acids; bacteria can. B) Viral genomes can be replicated faster than bacterial genomes. C) Viruses can replicate their own nucleic acids; bacteria can’t. D) Viruses replicate using transduction; bacteria replicate using conjugation. E) Viral genomes are ...
Cells - Killingly Public Schools
... • Eukaryotic – “true nuclei” – Membrane bound nucleus – Organelles – Double helix DNA – Larger – Ex: skin cell ...
... • Eukaryotic – “true nuclei” – Membrane bound nucleus – Organelles – Double helix DNA – Larger – Ex: skin cell ...
MCA Review Part I - Learn District 196
... 10. Use pg 81-87 for 10 and 11. Passive transport of materials across the cell membrane. Why do materials move across cell membranes? What is this term? To get needed materials (ie: nutrients, O2) into the cell and unneeded materials or waste out of the cell (CO2). Passive transport is the movement ...
... 10. Use pg 81-87 for 10 and 11. Passive transport of materials across the cell membrane. Why do materials move across cell membranes? What is this term? To get needed materials (ie: nutrients, O2) into the cell and unneeded materials or waste out of the cell (CO2). Passive transport is the movement ...
Cillia and flagella
... mitochondria carry on cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is a very important of cellular metabolism. Mitochondria are bounded by a double membrane. The inner membrane is folded to form little shelve called cristae, which project into the matrix, an inner space filled with a gel- like fluid. ...
... mitochondria carry on cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is a very important of cellular metabolism. Mitochondria are bounded by a double membrane. The inner membrane is folded to form little shelve called cristae, which project into the matrix, an inner space filled with a gel- like fluid. ...
Macromolecule: Carbohydrates Polarity: Polar Functions: Store
... Amino acids (20) – monomers of proteins (C with amino group, carboxyl group, and R group/side chain) Essential amino acids (8) – not produced by the body and must be consumed in food Polypeptide – polymer composed of amino acid monomers joined by covalent bonds Denaturation – unfolding of a protein, ...
... Amino acids (20) – monomers of proteins (C with amino group, carboxyl group, and R group/side chain) Essential amino acids (8) – not produced by the body and must be consumed in food Polypeptide – polymer composed of amino acid monomers joined by covalent bonds Denaturation – unfolding of a protein, ...
Cell Organelles
... diffusion facilitated diffusion This is a: Channel protein special one for water called an: aquaporin ...
... diffusion facilitated diffusion This is a: Channel protein special one for water called an: aquaporin ...
Cell-penetrating peptide
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short peptides that facilitate cellular uptake of various molecular cargo (from nanosize particles to small chemical molecules and large fragments of DNA). The ""cargo"" is associated with the peptides either through chemical linkage via covalent bonds or through non-covalent interactions. The function of the CPPs are to deliver the cargo into cells, a process that commonly occurs through endocytosis with the cargo delivered to the endosomes of living mammalian cells.CPPs hold great potential as in vitro and in vivo delivery vectors for use in research and medicine. Current use is limited by a lack of cell specificity in CPP-mediated cargo delivery and insufficient understanding of the modes of their uptake.CPPs typically have an amino acid composition that either contains a high relative abundance of positively charged amino acids such as lysine or arginine or has sequences that contain an alternating pattern of polar/charged amino acids and non-polar, hydrophobic amino acids. These two types of structures are referred to as polycationic or amphipathic, respectively. A third class of CPPs are the hydrophobic peptides, containing only apolar residues, with low net chargeor have hydrophobic amino acid groups that are crucial for cellular uptake.The first CPP was discovered independently by two laboratories in 1988, when it was found that the trans-activating transcriptional activator (TAT) from human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) could be efficiently taken up from the surrounding media by numerous cell types in culture. Since then, the number of known CPPs has expanded considerably and small molecule synthetic analogues with more effective protein transduction properties have been generated.