Download Cells - Killingly Public Schools

The Raw Materials of
Biotechnology
Characteristics of Life
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Growth
Reproduction
Response to stimuli
Respiration (breakdown of food)
Waste production
Characteristics of Life
• Unicellular
– Only one cell
– Small; requires microscope to
see
– Asexual reproduction
– Ex: bacteria
• Multicellular
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2 or more cells
Usually sexual reproduction
Specialized cells
Ex: animals and plants
Levels of Biological Organization
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Atoms
Molecules
Organelles
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organisms
All cells belong to one of the following:
Types of Cells
• Prokaryotic
– “before nuclei”
– Lack membrane bound
nucleus
– Circular DNA (plasmid)
– Very small
– Divide by binary fission
– Usually have flagella
– Ex: bacteria & cyanobacteria
(blue-green algae)
Types of Cells
• Eukaryotic
– “true nuclei”
– Membrane bound
nucleus
– Organelles
– Double helix DNA
– Larger
– Ex: skin cell
Picture of a Centric Diatom
(from the protista kingdom)
Picture of a Bread Yeast - S. cerevisiae
(from the fungi kingdom)
Cells Used in Biotechnology
• Chinese Hamster Ovary
(CHO) Cells
– Manipulated to produce
different proteins than
they would normally
make by inserting genes
from other organisms
into CHO DNA
– Ex: drug Epogen® boosts
RBC production to treat
anemia
Cells Used in Biotechnology
• Vero cells (African green
monkey kidney
epithelial cells)
– Widely used to make
vaccines
• HeLa cells (human
epithelial cells)
– Used for propagating
and studying viruses;
making vaccines
Cells Used in Biotechnology
Assignment
• Page 65 (text book)
• STOP! You Cannot Use THOSE cells
• Alternatives to poster:
– imovie
– PowerPoint
– Story book
– Other