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July 2012 Volume 22 In This Issue Dazzling Diamond of Hope
July 2012 Volume 22 In This Issue Dazzling Diamond of Hope

... At present, there is one thing that links the new GATA1 mutation with some of the other ribosomal protein mutations and that is that these mutations fall within splice site recognition sequences and influence splicing. For GATA1, the mutation changes a base at the end of the 5' exon at the exon/intr ...
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Supplementary Notes S1 (doc 64K)

... 3. Add flanking sequence to uniform length of 1200 bp in size. Flanking regions were added to all regions less than 600 bp so that their final size will be 1200 bpto accommodate >8 50-60mer probes per region. Regions that are already 1200 bp or greater were left untouched. The resulting region is al ...
Genetics Images/plasmids.jpg - KSU Faculty Member websites
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... Plasmids serve as important tools in genetics and biochemistry labs, where they are commonly used to multiply (make many copies of) or express particular genes. There are many plasmids that are commercially available for such uses. Initially, the gene to be replicated is inserted in a plasmid. These ...
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... organization with an 8‐kDa amino‐terminal domain connected to the carboxy‐terminal domain (31 kDa) by a protease‐hypersensitive hinge region. The 8‐kDa domain contains a 5’‐deoxyribose phosphate (dRP) lyase activity that is needed for the process of BER, whereas the large domain contains the DNA pol ...
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Protein Synthesis Name “An English sentence building metaphor

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Barbara Soldo

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Characterization of the ves Gene, Which is Expressed at a Low

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the smallest dinoflagellate genome is yet to be found: a comment on

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... pair of complimentary nucleotides with another nucleotide pair is called a base-pair substitution. • Some base-pair substitutions have little or no impact on protein function. • In silent mutations, alterations of nucleotides still indicate the same amino acids because of redundancy in the genetic c ...
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Designer Babies Training Rubric

... • Explains the function of replication, its purpose in the Cell Cycle i.e. Why does DNA have to replicate? • Explains 3 differences between RNA and DNA • Analyzes how protein synthesis works in terms of: • Transcription of DNA and picture • Various types of RNA and picture • Translation and picture ...
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Deoxyribozyme



Deoxyribozymes, also called DNA enzymes, DNAzymes, or catalytic DNA, are DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of catalyzing specific chemical reactions, similar to the action of other biological enzymes, such as proteins or ribozymes (enzymes composed of RNA).However, in contrast to the abundance of protein enzymes in biological systems and the discovery of biological ribozymes in the 1980s,there are no known naturally occurring deoxyribozymes.Deoxyribozymes should not be confused with DNA aptamers which are oligonucleotides that selectively bind a target ligand, but do not catalyze a subsequent chemical reaction.With the exception of ribozymes, nucleic acid molecules within cells primarily serve as storage of genetic information due to its ability to form complementary base pairs, which allows for high-fidelity copying and transfer of genetic information. In contrast, nucleic acid molecules are more limited in their catalytic ability, in comparison to protein enzymes, to just three types of interactions: hydrogen bonding, pi stacking, and metal-ion coordination. This is due to the limited number of functional groups of the nucleic acid monomers: while proteins are built from up to twenty different amino acids with various functional groups, nucleic acids are built from just four chemically similar nucleobases. In addition, DNA lacks the 2'-hydroxyl group found in RNA which limits the catalytic competency of deoxyribozymes even in comparison to ribozymes.In addition to the inherent inferiority of DNA catalytic activity, the apparent lack of naturally occurring deoxyribozymes may also be due to the primarily double-stranded conformation of DNA in biological systems which would limit its physical flexibility and ability to form tertiary structures, and so would drastically limit the ability of double-stranded DNA to act as a catalyst; though there are a few known instances of biological single-stranded DNA such as multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA), certain viral genomes, and the replication fork formed during DNA replication. Further structural differences between DNA and RNA may also play a role in the lack of biological deoxyribozymes, such as the additional methyl group of the DNA base thymidine compared to the RNA base uracil or the tendency of DNA to adopt the B-form helix while RNA tends to adopt the A-form helix. However, it has also been shown that DNA can form structures that RNA cannot, which suggests that, though there are differences in structures that each can form, neither is inherently more or less catalytic due to their possible structural motifs.
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