Methods S1.
... Mitochondrial oxygen consumption was measured polarographically at 37 °C using a respiratory system (System S 200A, Strathkelvin Instruments, Glasgow, Scotland). Mitochondria (2 mg protein/ml) were suspended in respiration buffer (130 mmol/L KCl, 5 mmol/L K2HPO4, 20 mmol/L MOPS, 2.5 mmol/L EGTA, 1 μ ...
... Mitochondrial oxygen consumption was measured polarographically at 37 °C using a respiratory system (System S 200A, Strathkelvin Instruments, Glasgow, Scotland). Mitochondria (2 mg protein/ml) were suspended in respiration buffer (130 mmol/L KCl, 5 mmol/L K2HPO4, 20 mmol/L MOPS, 2.5 mmol/L EGTA, 1 μ ...
hybondtm-c extra supported nitrocellulose membrane
... Amersham's extensive range of immunodetection products include the immunogold system which can be readily intensified using the matched silver enhancement reagents. Our other products make use of colorimetric detection and are based on either directly labelled second antibodies or the streptavidin/b ...
... Amersham's extensive range of immunodetection products include the immunogold system which can be readily intensified using the matched silver enhancement reagents. Our other products make use of colorimetric detection and are based on either directly labelled second antibodies or the streptavidin/b ...
Oxidation-Reduction Enzymes
... oxygen as described in the introduction; in addition it may act also as a peroxidase. It is present in greater or smaller amounts in all tissues (in structures called peroxisomes) and body fluids. Its major significance lies in decomposition of H2O2, harmful for the organism. In the present experime ...
... oxygen as described in the introduction; in addition it may act also as a peroxidase. It is present in greater or smaller amounts in all tissues (in structures called peroxisomes) and body fluids. Its major significance lies in decomposition of H2O2, harmful for the organism. In the present experime ...
Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-PCR): The Molecular
... latency that can last for several years. The proviral DNA is replicated along with the cellular DNA and can be inherited through many generations. The HIV proviral DNA contains the major genes common to all non-transducing retroviruses. These genes are gag, pol and env (see Figure 2). HIV also conta ...
... latency that can last for several years. The proviral DNA is replicated along with the cellular DNA and can be inherited through many generations. The HIV proviral DNA contains the major genes common to all non-transducing retroviruses. These genes are gag, pol and env (see Figure 2). HIV also conta ...
Counting the Number of Magnesium Ions Bound to the Surface
... hemispheres were cleaned for 1 h in a Nochromix solution, rinsed with Millipore H2O (Milli-Q system), sonicated in methanol, dried with N2, and plasma cleaned for 2−5 min. SiO2/Si wafers were sonicated in methanol for 10 min then plasma cleaned for 2−5 min. A linker of 11(trichlorosilyl)-undecanoic ...
... hemispheres were cleaned for 1 h in a Nochromix solution, rinsed with Millipore H2O (Milli-Q system), sonicated in methanol, dried with N2, and plasma cleaned for 2−5 min. SiO2/Si wafers were sonicated in methanol for 10 min then plasma cleaned for 2−5 min. A linker of 11(trichlorosilyl)-undecanoic ...
Document
... Losick and his colleagues purified polymerase from B. subtilis ceils that were running out of nutrients. The last purification step was DNA-cellutose column chromatography. The polymerase activity in each fraction from the column is given by the red line and the scale on the left-hand y axis. The sa ...
... Losick and his colleagues purified polymerase from B. subtilis ceils that were running out of nutrients. The last purification step was DNA-cellutose column chromatography. The polymerase activity in each fraction from the column is given by the red line and the scale on the left-hand y axis. The sa ...
Speciation
... • A: Mutation, insertion, replication. – All of which are well documented and happen all the time ...
... • A: Mutation, insertion, replication. – All of which are well documented and happen all the time ...
Biotechnology in Livestock Improvement
... structure (i.e., shaped like a corkscrew). Their double-helix model had two strands of DNA with the nucleotides pointing inward, each matching a complementary nucleotide on the other strand to form what looks like rungs on a twisted ladder. This structure showed that genetic information exists in th ...
... structure (i.e., shaped like a corkscrew). Their double-helix model had two strands of DNA with the nucleotides pointing inward, each matching a complementary nucleotide on the other strand to form what looks like rungs on a twisted ladder. This structure showed that genetic information exists in th ...
17. Amino acids are precursors of many specialized biomolecules
... feedback inhibition (no covalent modifications yet revealed). • Deoxyribonucleotides are derived from ribonucleotides at the NDP level, with the catalysis of ribonucleotide reductase, which contains a chain of electron carriers, uses free radicals, and being regulated for both substrate specificity ...
... feedback inhibition (no covalent modifications yet revealed). • Deoxyribonucleotides are derived from ribonucleotides at the NDP level, with the catalysis of ribonucleotide reductase, which contains a chain of electron carriers, uses free radicals, and being regulated for both substrate specificity ...
Click here
... Saturation curve for an enzyme reaction showing the relation between the substrate concentration (S) and rate (v) Enzymes can catalyze up to several million reactions per second. For example, the uncatalyzed decarboxylation of orotidine 5'-monophosphate has a half life of 78 million years. However, ...
... Saturation curve for an enzyme reaction showing the relation between the substrate concentration (S) and rate (v) Enzymes can catalyze up to several million reactions per second. For example, the uncatalyzed decarboxylation of orotidine 5'-monophosphate has a half life of 78 million years. However, ...
Frequently Asked Questions about Red/ET Cloning
... lower concentration. Normally, it shows a bit lower efficiency than a PCRgenerated fragment. A sometimes observed, higher efficiency after precipitation, maybe due to a higher DNA concentration that has been applied, to prevent from unsatisfying yield. You once marketed several kits, including kits ...
... lower concentration. Normally, it shows a bit lower efficiency than a PCRgenerated fragment. A sometimes observed, higher efficiency after precipitation, maybe due to a higher DNA concentration that has been applied, to prevent from unsatisfying yield. You once marketed several kits, including kits ...
The Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome and X-Linked
... two transcripts originally describedr3was no longer present, leaving only the 2.0-kb transcript. ...
... two transcripts originally describedr3was no longer present, leaving only the 2.0-kb transcript. ...
video slide - Biology Junction
... Because only cells that can make both arginine and tryptophan (arg+ trp+ cells) can grow into colonies on minimal medium, the lack of colonies on the two control plates showed that no further mutations had occurred restoring this ability to cells of the mutant strains. Thus, each cell from the mixtu ...
... Because only cells that can make both arginine and tryptophan (arg+ trp+ cells) can grow into colonies on minimal medium, the lack of colonies on the two control plates showed that no further mutations had occurred restoring this ability to cells of the mutant strains. Thus, each cell from the mixtu ...
Enzymes
... o Are homologous enzymes that catalyze the same reaction in different places. o In particular they differ slightly in amino acid sequences o Example LDH ( in muscle & Liver) ...
... o Are homologous enzymes that catalyze the same reaction in different places. o In particular they differ slightly in amino acid sequences o Example LDH ( in muscle & Liver) ...
Growth Inhibition of a Human Tumor Cell Strain
... nois) and thymidine in the presence of an E. cdi extract (22) and had a specific activity of 0.50 /ic/jumole. Orotic acid-6-C14 (New England Nu clear Co.) had a specific activity of 2.5 /iC/jumole. Tissue culture methods.—Stockcultures of a human cervical carcinoma, H.Ep. #1 (19), were maintained ...
... nois) and thymidine in the presence of an E. cdi extract (22) and had a specific activity of 0.50 /ic/jumole. Orotic acid-6-C14 (New England Nu clear Co.) had a specific activity of 2.5 /iC/jumole. Tissue culture methods.—Stockcultures of a human cervical carcinoma, H.Ep. #1 (19), were maintained ...
Evolving Theories of Enzyme Evolution
... on novel substrates favored only a very few of the large numberof possible amino acid replacements. In addition, the different amino acid replacements had different evolutionary potentials as defined by their abilities to sustain growth on different substrates, and some mutationsthatenhanced activit ...
... on novel substrates favored only a very few of the large numberof possible amino acid replacements. In addition, the different amino acid replacements had different evolutionary potentials as defined by their abilities to sustain growth on different substrates, and some mutationsthatenhanced activit ...
White biotechnology report RIVM
... ciency of metabolic processes that are already in use, or to devise novel metabolic processes for the production of a large variety of biological compounds. There is a clear distinction be‐ tween the expectations of scientists who are developing new techniques and using them for specific biotechno ...
... ciency of metabolic processes that are already in use, or to devise novel metabolic processes for the production of a large variety of biological compounds. There is a clear distinction be‐ tween the expectations of scientists who are developing new techniques and using them for specific biotechno ...
Protein A gene expression is regulated by DNA supercoiling which
... As the expression of the protein A gene is dramatically repressed by high salt concentrations (1 M NaCl) and as high osmolarity alters the degree of plasmid DNA supercoiling, we looked at the effect of changing the degree of DNA supercoiling on protein A gene expression. We first determined the conc ...
... As the expression of the protein A gene is dramatically repressed by high salt concentrations (1 M NaCl) and as high osmolarity alters the degree of plasmid DNA supercoiling, we looked at the effect of changing the degree of DNA supercoiling on protein A gene expression. We first determined the conc ...
File
... Because only cells that can make both arginine and tryptophan (arg+ trp+ cells) can grow into colonies on minimal medium, the lack of colonies on the two control plates showed that no further mutations had occurred restoring this ability to cells of the mutant strains. Thus, each cell from the mixtu ...
... Because only cells that can make both arginine and tryptophan (arg+ trp+ cells) can grow into colonies on minimal medium, the lack of colonies on the two control plates showed that no further mutations had occurred restoring this ability to cells of the mutant strains. Thus, each cell from the mixtu ...
The development of restriction analysis and PCR
... provide effective methods for screening bacterial cells to identified transformed organisms. pGEX-2T is a commonly used plasmid, so the development of effective screening methods which can be used to identify transformed cells containing recombinant pGEX-2T plasmids will have broad applications. To ...
... provide effective methods for screening bacterial cells to identified transformed organisms. pGEX-2T is a commonly used plasmid, so the development of effective screening methods which can be used to identify transformed cells containing recombinant pGEX-2T plasmids will have broad applications. To ...
video slide - Course
... Because only cells that can make both arginine and tryptophan (arg+ trp+ cells) can grow into colonies on minimal medium, the lack of colonies on the two control plates showed that no further mutations had occurred restoring this ability to cells of the mutant strains. Thus, each cell from the mixtu ...
... Because only cells that can make both arginine and tryptophan (arg+ trp+ cells) can grow into colonies on minimal medium, the lack of colonies on the two control plates showed that no further mutations had occurred restoring this ability to cells of the mutant strains. Thus, each cell from the mixtu ...
Universal Bioanalyte Signal Amplification for Electrochemical
... While many techniques are currently employed to detect biological analytes, electrochemical detection is very appealing because of its low cost, ease of use, and rapid time for producing a quantitative result. Electrochemical signals are generated by a redox method when redox analytes are present in ...
... While many techniques are currently employed to detect biological analytes, electrochemical detection is very appealing because of its low cost, ease of use, and rapid time for producing a quantitative result. Electrochemical signals are generated by a redox method when redox analytes are present in ...
Deoxyribozyme
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Deoxyribozymes, also called DNA enzymes, DNAzymes, or catalytic DNA, are DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of catalyzing specific chemical reactions, similar to the action of other biological enzymes, such as proteins or ribozymes (enzymes composed of RNA).However, in contrast to the abundance of protein enzymes in biological systems and the discovery of biological ribozymes in the 1980s,there are no known naturally occurring deoxyribozymes.Deoxyribozymes should not be confused with DNA aptamers which are oligonucleotides that selectively bind a target ligand, but do not catalyze a subsequent chemical reaction.With the exception of ribozymes, nucleic acid molecules within cells primarily serve as storage of genetic information due to its ability to form complementary base pairs, which allows for high-fidelity copying and transfer of genetic information. In contrast, nucleic acid molecules are more limited in their catalytic ability, in comparison to protein enzymes, to just three types of interactions: hydrogen bonding, pi stacking, and metal-ion coordination. This is due to the limited number of functional groups of the nucleic acid monomers: while proteins are built from up to twenty different amino acids with various functional groups, nucleic acids are built from just four chemically similar nucleobases. In addition, DNA lacks the 2'-hydroxyl group found in RNA which limits the catalytic competency of deoxyribozymes even in comparison to ribozymes.In addition to the inherent inferiority of DNA catalytic activity, the apparent lack of naturally occurring deoxyribozymes may also be due to the primarily double-stranded conformation of DNA in biological systems which would limit its physical flexibility and ability to form tertiary structures, and so would drastically limit the ability of double-stranded DNA to act as a catalyst; though there are a few known instances of biological single-stranded DNA such as multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA), certain viral genomes, and the replication fork formed during DNA replication. Further structural differences between DNA and RNA may also play a role in the lack of biological deoxyribozymes, such as the additional methyl group of the DNA base thymidine compared to the RNA base uracil or the tendency of DNA to adopt the B-form helix while RNA tends to adopt the A-form helix. However, it has also been shown that DNA can form structures that RNA cannot, which suggests that, though there are differences in structures that each can form, neither is inherently more or less catalytic due to their possible structural motifs.