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Class I tRNA
Class I tRNA

... then join sequentially and cooperatively. ...
Probing for Binding Regions of the FtsZ Protein Surface through Site
Probing for Binding Regions of the FtsZ Protein Surface through Site

... FtsZ with mVenus inserted in the loop at G55-Q56 is fully functional. To identify sites on FtsZ where an FP might be inserted to give a fully functional construct, we first identified sites on a multiple-sequence alignment where FtsZ proteins of some species showed insertion or deletion of 1 or more a ...
Fatty acids - Haverford Alchemy
Fatty acids - Haverford Alchemy

... unsaturated fat can lower the serum cholesterol level. • High levels of cholesterol are correlated with atherosclerosis, and an increased risk of coronary artery disease and heart attack or stroke. • Risk factors for heart disease: High blood levels of cholesterol and low levels of high-density lipo ...
Identification and Analysis of Dicer Associated Proteins in
Identification and Analysis of Dicer Associated Proteins in

... posttranscriptional gene silencing conserved throughout most eukaryotic species. Dicer has been shown to be necessary and sufficient to cut long dsRNA and miRNA precursors into small (21-25 nt) RNAs. In metazoa, the small RNA products of Dicer are further incorporated into a multiprotein RNA induced ...
Protein Synthesis in Cell-Free Reticulocyte Lysates on Multi
Protein Synthesis in Cell-Free Reticulocyte Lysates on Multi

... of re-searchdone on and with these lysates r,r,echose the rabbit reticulocyte lysate as the svstetmwith w,irichto begin our studies. Although no studies of reticulocvte iysates have de.scribedthe beh a v i o r o f t h e s e l y s a t e so n m u l t i - h o u r i n c u b a t i o n s ,t h e i r p r o ...
Molecular Cell Biology
Molecular Cell Biology

... DNA glycosylase A DNA repair enzyme that cleaves the bond linking a purine or pyrimidine to the deoxyribose of the backbone of a DNA molecule. DNA ligase An enzyme that seals breaks in DNA strands. DNA polymerase An enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of DNA. dolichol phosphate A lipid molecule in the e ...
Requirements - Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis
Requirements - Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis

... tests are only marked as 'not accepted'. Results of the midterm examinations (M) Grades of the 1st midterm examinations as points are added to the scores of block#B, the grades of 2nd midterm examination as points are added to the block#C4. Bonus points collected in the course of the semester (B) Ma ...
Cytochromes P450 – importance of tissue specificity
Cytochromes P450 – importance of tissue specificity

... At first it was believed that all cytochromes P450 are ER resident proteins that are retained directly in the ER and do not undergo recycling through the pre-Golgi compartment [12, 13]. However, later studies on some cytochromes P450 showed this is not always the case. Lanosterol 14α-demetylase (CYP ...
IV.1 Structural and Functional Role of
IV.1 Structural and Functional Role of

... the amino acid side chain in the packing of the helices and in signal transduction. The correctly folded fractions of the mutant rhodopsins were separated and characterized. The folded fractions of the three mutants gave UV-visible absorption spectra with A280/A500 ratios of 1.6–1.7. The SDS-PAGE pa ...
Scott et al. 2006
Scott et al. 2006

... impact of life on the planet (Schidlowski et al., 1983; Schidlowski, 2001). Insight into many elemental cycles on the planet has been garnered by examining the bulk changes in carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, hydrogen, and oxygen isotopes in response to biology. Advancements in the 1960s (Abelson and Hoeri ...
Function, Structure, and Stability of Enzymes Confined in Agarose
Function, Structure, and Stability of Enzymes Confined in Agarose

... HRP was determined using the ABTS assay; HRP mediates the oxidation of ABTS in the presence of H2O2 to form a soluble end product that can be monitored spectrophotometrically at 405 nm. HRP concentration for the initial rate measurements was 90 nM, and the ABTS and H2O2 concentrations were 100 mM an ...
The demonstration of nickel in the urease of Helicobacter pylori by
The demonstration of nickel in the urease of Helicobacter pylori by

... mass of 89 kDa, and as the molecular mass of the urease is greater than 500 kDa, then the suggested structure is hexameric. This would indicate that the probable number of nickel atoms is six. These results support the model of six copies of each of the two polypeptides in the native enzyme suggeste ...
Macrocyclic Carbohydrate/Amino Acid Hybrid Molecules
Macrocyclic Carbohydrate/Amino Acid Hybrid Molecules

... Proteins are versatile molecules that are involved in almost all aspects of life.1 Proteins convert nutrients to energy in the metabolism, transport molecules through cell membranes, and mediate cell adhesion in tissue formation. Proteins also have many other functions and it would be difficult to f ...
Винницкий национальный медицинский университет им
Винницкий национальный медицинский университет им

... acidic – ethanol or chloroethanol. Answer: Chlorine atom as more electronegative (I-) shifts the electrone density from alkyl grup (I+) therefore on oxygen atom the deficiency of electrons arises. In addition to that Oxygen atom as more electronegative (I-) shifts the electrone density from hydrogen ...
生物核磁共振波谱学NMR in Biological Science 闫永彬博士Yong
生物核磁共振波谱学NMR in Biological Science 闫永彬博士Yong

... Recognition; RNA structures ...
126 EFFECT OF ULTRAVIOLET-B IRRADIATION ON FATTY ACIDS
126 EFFECT OF ULTRAVIOLET-B IRRADIATION ON FATTY ACIDS

... the fatty acids composition of microalgae (e.g. Wang & Chai, 1994 and Odmark et al., 1998) and those that have been published are seemingly contradictory. The extant literature on the subject includes: some studies reporting an overall increase in SFA (saturated fatty acids) and MUFA (monounsaturate ...
Structure and Function Relationships between ATPase Family, AAA
Structure and Function Relationships between ATPase Family, AAA

... Faithful replication of a cell’s genetic material during replication is essential in order to pass genetic material from one generation to the next; however, DNA-damaging agents constantly injure the genome. High fidelity replication of the cell’s genetic material is normally carried out through the ...
AP Biology - TeacherWeb
AP Biology - TeacherWeb

... ƒ reactant which binds to enzyme ƒ enzyme-substrate complex: temporary association ...
Minimalist Active-Site Redesign: Teaching Old Enzymes New Tricks
Minimalist Active-Site Redesign: Teaching Old Enzymes New Tricks

T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia-The
T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia-The

... was identical to that used for preparation of the GST-SCL/tal fusion construct described above. The PCR product was cut with Xba I and BamHI, blunt ended, and cloned into the Sma I site of pBluescript (Stratagene). The correct orientation of the clone was confirmed by restriction mapping and DNA seq ...
Organic Molecules chapt03
Organic Molecules chapt03

... Some proteins contain more than one polypeptide chain. Each of these polypeptides has its own unique tertiary structure. ...
Vmax Regulation through Domain and Subunit Changes. The Active
Vmax Regulation through Domain and Subunit Changes. The Active

... although it is still solvent exposed; therefore, the catalytic reaction probably involves additional conformational changes. By comparing the inhibited with the uninhibited complex, it is possible to describe changes in conformation that are involved in the inhibitory signal transduction of serine. ...
Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for protein
Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for protein

... Dietary proteins are the source of the nitrogen and indispensable amino acids which the body requires for tissue growth and maintenance. The main pathway of amino acid metabolism is protein synthesis. In this opinion, “protein” is total N x 6.25, and protein requirements are based on nitrogen conten ...
Article Fitness Trade-Offs Determine the Role of the Molecular
Article Fitness Trade-Offs Determine the Role of the Molecular

... loads of deleterious mutations, suggesting its role in mutational buffering. We show that groEL overexpression is costly to large populations evolving in the laboratory, leading to groE expression decline within 66 generations. In contrast, populations evolving under the strong genetic drift charact ...
Gluconeogenesis
Gluconeogenesis

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Proteolysis



Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. Uncatalysed, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds is extremely slow, taking hundreds of years. Proteolysis is typically catalysed by cellular enzymes called proteases, but may also occur by intra-molecular digestion. Low pH or high temperatures can also cause proteolysis non-enzymatically.Proteolysis in organisms serves many purposes; for example, digestive enzymes break down proteins in food to provide amino acids for the organism, while proteolytic processing of a polypeptide chain after its synthesis may be necessary for the production of an active protein. It is also important in the regulation of some physiological and cellular processes, as well as preventing the accumulation of unwanted or abnormal proteins in cells. Consequently, dis-regulation of proteolysis can cause diseases, and is used in some venoms to damage their prey.Proteolysis is important as an analytical tool for studying proteins in the laboratory, as well as industrially, for example in food processing and stain removal.
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