Rapid enzyme assays investigating the variation in the glycolytic
... The activities of all 10 glycolytic enzymes were assayed simultaneously (in triplicate with their controls) at 25°C for 3 rain using a temperaturecontrolled 96-wetl microplate spectrophotometer (Molecular Devices, Menlo Park, CA). Enzyme activity was measured at 25°C because we are using maximal act ...
... The activities of all 10 glycolytic enzymes were assayed simultaneously (in triplicate with their controls) at 25°C for 3 rain using a temperaturecontrolled 96-wetl microplate spectrophotometer (Molecular Devices, Menlo Park, CA). Enzyme activity was measured at 25°C because we are using maximal act ...
AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylates transcription factors of
... doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00900.2007.—AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been identified as a regulator of gene transcription, increasing mitochondrial proteins of oxidative metabolism as well as hexokinase expression in skeletal muscle. In mice, musclespecific knockout of LKB1, a component of t ...
... doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00900.2007.—AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been identified as a regulator of gene transcription, increasing mitochondrial proteins of oxidative metabolism as well as hexokinase expression in skeletal muscle. In mice, musclespecific knockout of LKB1, a component of t ...
Progesterone-stimulated intracellular calcium increase in human
... Indirect studies suggested that protein kinase C (PKC) has a role in sperm motility and the acrosome reaction. Physiological inducers of the sperm acrosome reaction include progesterone, which can increase intracellular calcium ([Ca21]i), tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins and chloride efflux in h ...
... Indirect studies suggested that protein kinase C (PKC) has a role in sperm motility and the acrosome reaction. Physiological inducers of the sperm acrosome reaction include progesterone, which can increase intracellular calcium ([Ca21]i), tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins and chloride efflux in h ...
Citric acid cycle
... The equilibrium of this reaction lies far to the left under standard conditions. In cells, the concentration of OAA is extremely low (<10–6 M), pulling the malate dehydrogenase reaction towards the formation of OAA. ...
... The equilibrium of this reaction lies far to the left under standard conditions. In cells, the concentration of OAA is extremely low (<10–6 M), pulling the malate dehydrogenase reaction towards the formation of OAA. ...
power-point slides
... The problem is analogous to the problems of representing the surface of the earth on a two-dimensional map Reduction of the dimensions leads to distortions of scales, ...
... The problem is analogous to the problems of representing the surface of the earth on a two-dimensional map Reduction of the dimensions leads to distortions of scales, ...
AMINO ACID SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF HUMAN INTERLEUKIN 1
... represents a novel class o f m e d i a t o r , discovered by molecular genetic techniques, which is largely distinct f r o m the class o f m e d i a t o r s known as IL-1. In this report, the p r i m a r y a m i n o acid sequences o f the a m i n o terminus and t h r e e C N B r cleavage f r a g m e ...
... represents a novel class o f m e d i a t o r , discovered by molecular genetic techniques, which is largely distinct f r o m the class o f m e d i a t o r s known as IL-1. In this report, the p r i m a r y a m i n o acid sequences o f the a m i n o terminus and t h r e e C N B r cleavage f r a g m e ...
An investigation of the zinc binding characteristics of the RING finger
... to be a promising target for immunotherapy against the disease (Yoshitake et al., 2004). In addition to its interaction with p53 and pRb, RBBP6 is also known to be involved in a variety of functions including regulation of cell cycle control, apoptosis and pre-mRNA splicing (Simons et al., 1997; Wit ...
... to be a promising target for immunotherapy against the disease (Yoshitake et al., 2004). In addition to its interaction with p53 and pRb, RBBP6 is also known to be involved in a variety of functions including regulation of cell cycle control, apoptosis and pre-mRNA splicing (Simons et al., 1997; Wit ...
CitA (citrate) and DcuS (C 4 -dicarboxylate) sensor kinases in
... use citrate or C4-dicarboxylates like fumarate or succinate as the substrates for growth. The ...
... use citrate or C4-dicarboxylates like fumarate or succinate as the substrates for growth. The ...
Science
... mechanism of SIRT1 activation (4, 15). To elucidate the determinants of activation in SIRT1, we screened for SIRT1 mutant proteins lacking activation (Fig. 2C). The ability of SIRT1 to be activated by resveratrol was attenuated in one mutant that substituted a lysine for a glutamate at position 230 ...
... mechanism of SIRT1 activation (4, 15). To elucidate the determinants of activation in SIRT1, we screened for SIRT1 mutant proteins lacking activation (Fig. 2C). The ability of SIRT1 to be activated by resveratrol was attenuated in one mutant that substituted a lysine for a glutamate at position 230 ...
BMC Struct Biol. BMC Struct Biol. 2003
... Abstract Abstract Background Human serum albumin (HSA) is an abundant plasma protein that binds a wide variety of hydrophobic ligands including fatty acids, bilirubin, thyroxine and hemin. Although HSA-heme complexes do not bind oxygen reversibly, it may be possible to develop modified HSA proteins ...
... Abstract Abstract Background Human serum albumin (HSA) is an abundant plasma protein that binds a wide variety of hydrophobic ligands including fatty acids, bilirubin, thyroxine and hemin. Although HSA-heme complexes do not bind oxygen reversibly, it may be possible to develop modified HSA proteins ...
The Implausibility of Metabolic Cycles on the
... branches of chemistry. The definition of a catalyst as an agent that facilitates the conversion of reactants to products without itself being changed almost guarantees that a catalyst can initiate successive “cycles” of the same reaction. Metabolic cycles are different. Strictly, they are by definitio ...
... branches of chemistry. The definition of a catalyst as an agent that facilitates the conversion of reactants to products without itself being changed almost guarantees that a catalyst can initiate successive “cycles” of the same reaction. Metabolic cycles are different. Strictly, they are by definitio ...
Plasma Total Amino Acids, Plasma Glutamate
... availability of amino acids for gluconeogenesis. The results of present study with type 2 diabetic subjects clearly establishes an elevated plasma levels of AAN,AL, and GM in type 2 diabetic subjects (refer table 1) which may be due to decreased insulin levels or due to decreased insulin action. Thi ...
... availability of amino acids for gluconeogenesis. The results of present study with type 2 diabetic subjects clearly establishes an elevated plasma levels of AAN,AL, and GM in type 2 diabetic subjects (refer table 1) which may be due to decreased insulin levels or due to decreased insulin action. Thi ...
Drought response in the spikes of barley: gene expression in the
... leaf (Abebe et al. 2004). Recently, we also demonstrated that, under normal growth conditions, the awn is the major photosynthetic organ of the spike (Abebe et al. 2009, in press). In this study, we compared the transcriptome of lemma, palea, awn and seed of barley to determine the spike organ more ...
... leaf (Abebe et al. 2004). Recently, we also demonstrated that, under normal growth conditions, the awn is the major photosynthetic organ of the spike (Abebe et al. 2009, in press). In this study, we compared the transcriptome of lemma, palea, awn and seed of barley to determine the spike organ more ...
Retina-Specific Expression of 5A11/Basigin-2, a
... by Linser et al.,4 who used antibodies produced against embryonic day-7 chick tissues to identify a novel Müller-cell (MC)– specific protein.4 Subsequent work by Fadool and Linser5 identified the 5A11 antigen as a cell membrane glycoprotein found on MCs and mature retinal pigmented epithelia (RPE) ...
... by Linser et al.,4 who used antibodies produced against embryonic day-7 chick tissues to identify a novel Müller-cell (MC)– specific protein.4 Subsequent work by Fadool and Linser5 identified the 5A11 antigen as a cell membrane glycoprotein found on MCs and mature retinal pigmented epithelia (RPE) ...
Divergent evolution of the thiolase superfamily and chalcone
... Jaworski, 2006). Chalcone synthase (CHS, E.C. 2.3.1.74) and related enzymes of the CHS family also catalyze decarboxylative condensation. Members of the CHS family differ in the choice of starter substrate, to which a C2 unit from malonyl-CoA is condensed at a time, the number of condensation reacti ...
... Jaworski, 2006). Chalcone synthase (CHS, E.C. 2.3.1.74) and related enzymes of the CHS family also catalyze decarboxylative condensation. Members of the CHS family differ in the choice of starter substrate, to which a C2 unit from malonyl-CoA is condensed at a time, the number of condensation reacti ...
Combining docking and molecular dynamic simulations in drug design
... After the completion of the human genome project, it was expected that a large number of new drug targets would be found expeditiously. However, the 30,000 or so genes encoded within the human genome did not turn out to offer a direct source for drug development, as it is not them, but the proteins ...
... After the completion of the human genome project, it was expected that a large number of new drug targets would be found expeditiously. However, the 30,000 or so genes encoded within the human genome did not turn out to offer a direct source for drug development, as it is not them, but the proteins ...
biochem ch 23 [2-9
... o Fatty acid levels rise because of decreased β-oxidation; because of this, ω-oxidation increases, and dicarboxylic acids excreted in urine o Diminished capacity to oxidize fatty acids in liver mitochondria results in decreased levels of acetyl-CoA (substrate for ketone body synthesis) Fatty acids ...
... o Fatty acid levels rise because of decreased β-oxidation; because of this, ω-oxidation increases, and dicarboxylic acids excreted in urine o Diminished capacity to oxidize fatty acids in liver mitochondria results in decreased levels of acetyl-CoA (substrate for ketone body synthesis) Fatty acids ...
DIFFERENCES IN ENZYME CONTENT OF AZUROPHIL AND
... able to indicate the distribution of these substances in the two types of granules. Initially, we undertook the investigation of this p r o b l e m by carrying out cytochemical tests on cells w h i c h had been fixed and incubated in suspension and by trying to localize enzyme reaction product at th ...
... able to indicate the distribution of these substances in the two types of granules. Initially, we undertook the investigation of this p r o b l e m by carrying out cytochemical tests on cells w h i c h had been fixed and incubated in suspension and by trying to localize enzyme reaction product at th ...
Sequential Expression of Macromolecule
... during the growth phase (post-translational control) or they are formed in a late phase subsequent to growth (transcriptional control). In most cases studied, the enzymes involved in antibiotic synthesis are repressed during the growth phase (Walker & Hnilica, 1964; Pruess & Johnson, 1967; Gallo & K ...
... during the growth phase (post-translational control) or they are formed in a late phase subsequent to growth (transcriptional control). In most cases studied, the enzymes involved in antibiotic synthesis are repressed during the growth phase (Walker & Hnilica, 1964; Pruess & Johnson, 1967; Gallo & K ...
Solid Phase Synthesis on SASRIN
... Peptide fragments containing Tyr(tBu), Lys(Boc), or His(Trt) can be safely obtained only under these conditions when the cleavage proceeds rapidly (see Table 1). Thus, SASRIN (2-methoxy-4-alkoxybenzyl alcohol resin) is sufficiently acid-labile so that Tyr(tBu), Lys(Boc), and His(Trt) are left intact ...
... Peptide fragments containing Tyr(tBu), Lys(Boc), or His(Trt) can be safely obtained only under these conditions when the cleavage proceeds rapidly (see Table 1). Thus, SASRIN (2-methoxy-4-alkoxybenzyl alcohol resin) is sufficiently acid-labile so that Tyr(tBu), Lys(Boc), and His(Trt) are left intact ...
Evaluation of Corn Distillers Grains and Ruminally Protected Lysine
... high quality protein source (10, 17, 18, 25). Schingoethe et al. ( 2 5 ) observed similar milk yields and compositions for cows fed diets containing soybean meal ( SBM) and wet CDG. However, Palmquist and Conrad ( 1 8 ) observed a decreased milk protein content in milk from Jerseys fed CDG as the pr ...
... high quality protein source (10, 17, 18, 25). Schingoethe et al. ( 2 5 ) observed similar milk yields and compositions for cows fed diets containing soybean meal ( SBM) and wet CDG. However, Palmquist and Conrad ( 1 8 ) observed a decreased milk protein content in milk from Jerseys fed CDG as the pr ...
PDF
... 3. Insulin as hypoglycemic, storage and anabolic hormone Insulin is; a polypeptide hormone, composed of two amino acid chains (A chain: 21 amino acids; B chain 30 amino acids). The chains are connected to each other by disulfide linkage; those chains contain 51 amino acids with a molecular weight of ...
... 3. Insulin as hypoglycemic, storage and anabolic hormone Insulin is; a polypeptide hormone, composed of two amino acid chains (A chain: 21 amino acids; B chain 30 amino acids). The chains are connected to each other by disulfide linkage; those chains contain 51 amino acids with a molecular weight of ...
- World Journal of Gastroenterology
... than in females; while no sex-dependent difference was noted in the liver for ALT1, it appears 20% higher in muscle in females[15] Biological meaning and ALT1 contributes to “basal” serum ALT activity, most likely Generation of pyruvate for gluconeogenesis under stressful living metabolic function a ...
... than in females; while no sex-dependent difference was noted in the liver for ALT1, it appears 20% higher in muscle in females[15] Biological meaning and ALT1 contributes to “basal” serum ALT activity, most likely Generation of pyruvate for gluconeogenesis under stressful living metabolic function a ...
Proteolysis
Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. Uncatalysed, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds is extremely slow, taking hundreds of years. Proteolysis is typically catalysed by cellular enzymes called proteases, but may also occur by intra-molecular digestion. Low pH or high temperatures can also cause proteolysis non-enzymatically.Proteolysis in organisms serves many purposes; for example, digestive enzymes break down proteins in food to provide amino acids for the organism, while proteolytic processing of a polypeptide chain after its synthesis may be necessary for the production of an active protein. It is also important in the regulation of some physiological and cellular processes, as well as preventing the accumulation of unwanted or abnormal proteins in cells. Consequently, dis-regulation of proteolysis can cause diseases, and is used in some venoms to damage their prey.Proteolysis is important as an analytical tool for studying proteins in the laboratory, as well as industrially, for example in food processing and stain removal.