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... Grass pea has a high yielding potential (regarding a pea level) at a low fertilization level (Campbell et al., 1994; Patto et al., 2006). Currently, it is considered as a model crop for sustainable agriculture (Arslan, 2016; Patto et al., 2006). It is perhaps the most environmentally resistant legum ...
... Grass pea has a high yielding potential (regarding a pea level) at a low fertilization level (Campbell et al., 1994; Patto et al., 2006). Currently, it is considered as a model crop for sustainable agriculture (Arslan, 2016; Patto et al., 2006). It is perhaps the most environmentally resistant legum ...
mineralization of chlorobenzene. of the meta
... been described. These organisms can be differentiated on the basis of the catabolic pathways dealing with the substituents. Chlorosubstituents can be removed by initial oxygenolytic, reductive, or hydrolytic reactions. Further mineralization can then occur via classical pathways such as the 3-oxoadi ...
... been described. These organisms can be differentiated on the basis of the catabolic pathways dealing with the substituents. Chlorosubstituents can be removed by initial oxygenolytic, reductive, or hydrolytic reactions. Further mineralization can then occur via classical pathways such as the 3-oxoadi ...
Arabidopsis Contains Nine Long-Chain Acyl
... chain fatty acids requires an active transport mechanism of some type, like the carnitine shuttle in mammalian mitochondrial -oxidation (Eaton et al., 1996) or receptor-mediated import as in yeast peroxisomes (Hettema and Tabak, 2000). In yeast, some evidence suggests that short- and medium-chain f ...
... chain fatty acids requires an active transport mechanism of some type, like the carnitine shuttle in mammalian mitochondrial -oxidation (Eaton et al., 1996) or receptor-mediated import as in yeast peroxisomes (Hettema and Tabak, 2000). In yeast, some evidence suggests that short- and medium-chain f ...
Aromatic amino acid requirements of the lactating sow
... and presented to the portal blood supply in the free form (Munro, 1976). Absorption across biological membranes is thought to involve a com petitive Na-dependent active transport system common to the large neutral amino acids, which include Phe, Tyr, tryptophan, leucine, isoleucine, valine, histidi ...
... and presented to the portal blood supply in the free form (Munro, 1976). Absorption across biological membranes is thought to involve a com petitive Na-dependent active transport system common to the large neutral amino acids, which include Phe, Tyr, tryptophan, leucine, isoleucine, valine, histidi ...
Chapter 11- Looking for the Edge
... Well over 50% of the US population take some type of dietary supplements. Sales of vitamins, minerals, herbs, meal supplements, sports-nutrition supplements, and specialty supplements were in excess of $22 billion in 2006. To understand why dietary supplement use is a concern, one must appreciate th ...
... Well over 50% of the US population take some type of dietary supplements. Sales of vitamins, minerals, herbs, meal supplements, sports-nutrition supplements, and specialty supplements were in excess of $22 billion in 2006. To understand why dietary supplement use is a concern, one must appreciate th ...
PDH02 - OSU Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
... established that pea mitochondria can acyl carrier protein and the enzymes to synthesize fatty acids. Radioactivity from labeled malonic acid was found in the H protein, a lipoylcontaining enzyme involved in glycine metabolism. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae Brody, Oh, Hoja, and Schweizer (18) found th ...
... established that pea mitochondria can acyl carrier protein and the enzymes to synthesize fatty acids. Radioactivity from labeled malonic acid was found in the H protein, a lipoylcontaining enzyme involved in glycine metabolism. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae Brody, Oh, Hoja, and Schweizer (18) found th ...
The Enzymes of Ammonia Assimilation and their
... The activities of GS, NADP-GOGAT and NADP-GDH in extracts of members of the ‘herbicola’, ‘carotovora’ and ‘amylovora’ clusters, grown with different sources of nitrogen, are shown in Table 1. NAD-GOGAT, NAD-GDH and corresponding amidotransferases and dehydrogenases (both NAD- and NADP-linked) able t ...
... The activities of GS, NADP-GOGAT and NADP-GDH in extracts of members of the ‘herbicola’, ‘carotovora’ and ‘amylovora’ clusters, grown with different sources of nitrogen, are shown in Table 1. NAD-GOGAT, NAD-GDH and corresponding amidotransferases and dehydrogenases (both NAD- and NADP-linked) able t ...
Enzymes upload
... • A catalyst is a chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction • An enzyme is a catalytic protein • Hydrolysis of sucrose by the enzyme sucrase is an example of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction ...
... • A catalyst is a chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction • An enzyme is a catalytic protein • Hydrolysis of sucrose by the enzyme sucrase is an example of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction ...
Events of The Krebs Cycle
... the diet (rare!) because of fasting, starvation, etc. or if glucose is not being transferred from the blood to body cells (as in diabetes mellitus), then oxaloacetate from the Krebs Cycle is converted to new glucose. Without oxaloacetate, Acetyl COA cannot be used and accumulates. The liver then con ...
... the diet (rare!) because of fasting, starvation, etc. or if glucose is not being transferred from the blood to body cells (as in diabetes mellitus), then oxaloacetate from the Krebs Cycle is converted to new glucose. Without oxaloacetate, Acetyl COA cannot be used and accumulates. The liver then con ...
Yeast lipid metabolism at a glance
... predominantly responsible for the assembly of VLCFA which are required for sphingolipid synthesis (Toke & Martin, 1996; Oh et al., 1997). Desaturation and hydroxylation of FA also take place in the ER. The introduction of double bonds into the acyl chains and thus their desaturation is performed by ...
... predominantly responsible for the assembly of VLCFA which are required for sphingolipid synthesis (Toke & Martin, 1996; Oh et al., 1997). Desaturation and hydroxylation of FA also take place in the ER. The introduction of double bonds into the acyl chains and thus their desaturation is performed by ...
Exogenous glutamine increases lipid accumulation in
... in vitro. A modified MS medium was supplied with 20% (m/v) polyethylene glycol 4,000 and 50 mM MES (2-(N-Morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid) were added to adjust osmotic potential, and the pH was adjusted to 5.8 with 1 N NaOH. The concentration of agar in MS medium was initially screened from 0.4% to 0. ...
... in vitro. A modified MS medium was supplied with 20% (m/v) polyethylene glycol 4,000 and 50 mM MES (2-(N-Morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid) were added to adjust osmotic potential, and the pH was adjusted to 5.8 with 1 N NaOH. The concentration of agar in MS medium was initially screened from 0.4% to 0. ...
Plant aromatic amino acid decarboxylases
... divergent AAAD-like proteins. For example, an expansion of the AAAD gene within insect and plant species results in a multiplicity of functionally diverse AAAD enzymes. A single AAAD annotation does not accurately represent the selection of activities and substrate specificities. This can be illustr ...
... divergent AAAD-like proteins. For example, an expansion of the AAAD gene within insect and plant species results in a multiplicity of functionally diverse AAAD enzymes. A single AAAD annotation does not accurately represent the selection of activities and substrate specificities. This can be illustr ...
Novel Allergen Structures with Tandem Amino Acid Repeats
... panel C), and this clone encodes for the basic unit that constitutes the 90-kDa protein (Fig. 5, panel C). Dot-plot analysis for ANG12 precursor, a less closely related sequence, shows absence of the clear structure of 100 amino acids repeats. Remains of that structure are apparent as smaller repeat ...
... panel C), and this clone encodes for the basic unit that constitutes the 90-kDa protein (Fig. 5, panel C). Dot-plot analysis for ANG12 precursor, a less closely related sequence, shows absence of the clear structure of 100 amino acids repeats. Remains of that structure are apparent as smaller repeat ...
Cephalosporin chemical reactivity and its immunological
... recently described and this precursor is responsible for the degradation products of the dihydrothiazine ring [33]. Several studies have described a high number of degradation products of the different cephalosporins, depending on the chemical structure of the particular cephalosporin and the reacti ...
... recently described and this precursor is responsible for the degradation products of the dihydrothiazine ring [33]. Several studies have described a high number of degradation products of the different cephalosporins, depending on the chemical structure of the particular cephalosporin and the reacti ...
Prediction of B cell epitopes
... The data set has been used for developing a method for predictions of discontinuous B cell epitopes Since about 30 of the PDB entries represented Lysozyme, I have used homology grouping (25 groups of non-homologous antigens) and 5 fold cross-validation for training of the method Performance wa ...
... The data set has been used for developing a method for predictions of discontinuous B cell epitopes Since about 30 of the PDB entries represented Lysozyme, I have used homology grouping (25 groups of non-homologous antigens) and 5 fold cross-validation for training of the method Performance wa ...
liver bile salts - Stanford Medicine
... CYP7A1 - this enzyme marks the entry point into the classical pathway. ◦ Hydroxylates the 7α carbon of cholesterol ◦ Expressed only in the liver ◦ Can be regulated Negative feedback based on bile salt concentration ...
... CYP7A1 - this enzyme marks the entry point into the classical pathway. ◦ Hydroxylates the 7α carbon of cholesterol ◦ Expressed only in the liver ◦ Can be regulated Negative feedback based on bile salt concentration ...
Gene Section ORAI3 (ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator 3)
... 2006). STIM1 activates store-operated Ca2+ channels only when it is not fixing Ca2+, e.g. when the stores are depleted (Zhang et al., 2005). One minute after store depletion, STIM proteins are redistributed in puncta in close proximity to the plasma membrane (Liou et al., 2005; Luik et al., 2008; Vá ...
... 2006). STIM1 activates store-operated Ca2+ channels only when it is not fixing Ca2+, e.g. when the stores are depleted (Zhang et al., 2005). One minute after store depletion, STIM proteins are redistributed in puncta in close proximity to the plasma membrane (Liou et al., 2005; Luik et al., 2008; Vá ...
REVIEWS
... them to feed the central metabolic pathways — glycolysis, the pentose-phosphate pathway, the citric acid cycle and the 2‑oxoglutarate–glutamate–glutamine cycle — from which all of the precursors that are required for the synthesis of the cell’s macromolecules (DNA, RNA, proteins, peptidoglycan and l ...
... them to feed the central metabolic pathways — glycolysis, the pentose-phosphate pathway, the citric acid cycle and the 2‑oxoglutarate–glutamate–glutamine cycle — from which all of the precursors that are required for the synthesis of the cell’s macromolecules (DNA, RNA, proteins, peptidoglycan and l ...
Ces locus embedded proteins control the non
... intoxications requiring hospitalization or even including fatalities are reported increasingly (Dierick et al., 2005; Naranjo et al., 2011; Messelhäusser et al., 2014; Tschiedel et al., 2015). In agreement with its chemical structure [D-O-Leu-D-Ala-LO-Val-L-Val]3 , cereulide is produced enzymaticall ...
... intoxications requiring hospitalization or even including fatalities are reported increasingly (Dierick et al., 2005; Naranjo et al., 2011; Messelhäusser et al., 2014; Tschiedel et al., 2015). In agreement with its chemical structure [D-O-Leu-D-Ala-LO-Val-L-Val]3 , cereulide is produced enzymaticall ...
Methods and strategies of peptide ligation
... Recently, an exciting peptide ligation method based on the Staudinger reaction has been developed independently by two independent groups.25–28 It is a promising method for ligating simple NT-aliphatic amino acids such as Gly and Ala without side- chain functional groups. This ligation requires an N ...
... Recently, an exciting peptide ligation method based on the Staudinger reaction has been developed independently by two independent groups.25–28 It is a promising method for ligating simple NT-aliphatic amino acids such as Gly and Ala without side- chain functional groups. This ligation requires an N ...
L-Serine, D- and L-proline and alanine as respiratory substrates of
... After pharyngeal anaesthesia with 1 % lidocaine hydrochloride, a disinfected endoscope was inserted into the stomach and gastric juice was collected through the aspiration channel of the endoscope. The status of H. pylori infection was determined from the results of culture and an immunological rapi ...
... After pharyngeal anaesthesia with 1 % lidocaine hydrochloride, a disinfected endoscope was inserted into the stomach and gastric juice was collected through the aspiration channel of the endoscope. The status of H. pylori infection was determined from the results of culture and an immunological rapi ...
Proteolysis
Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. Uncatalysed, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds is extremely slow, taking hundreds of years. Proteolysis is typically catalysed by cellular enzymes called proteases, but may also occur by intra-molecular digestion. Low pH or high temperatures can also cause proteolysis non-enzymatically.Proteolysis in organisms serves many purposes; for example, digestive enzymes break down proteins in food to provide amino acids for the organism, while proteolytic processing of a polypeptide chain after its synthesis may be necessary for the production of an active protein. It is also important in the regulation of some physiological and cellular processes, as well as preventing the accumulation of unwanted or abnormal proteins in cells. Consequently, dis-regulation of proteolysis can cause diseases, and is used in some venoms to damage their prey.Proteolysis is important as an analytical tool for studying proteins in the laboratory, as well as industrially, for example in food processing and stain removal.