Diversity and origins of anaerobic metabolism in mitochondria and
... (ETC) to generate a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane and ultimately reduce O2 to H2O. The proton motive force drives ATP synthesis by an F1Fo-ATP synthase. However, mitochondria are known to carry out many other metabolic and biosynthetic functions. In addition to possessing g ...
... (ETC) to generate a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane and ultimately reduce O2 to H2O. The proton motive force drives ATP synthesis by an F1Fo-ATP synthase. However, mitochondria are known to carry out many other metabolic and biosynthetic functions. In addition to possessing g ...
The different roles of tryptophan transfer RNA in regulating trp
... translation of tandem Trp codons in the leader-peptide coding region of the operon. This stalling permits the formation of an RNA antiterminator structure, preventing transcription termination. In B. subtilis uncharged tRNATrp accumulation activates transcription and translation of the at operon. AT ...
... translation of tandem Trp codons in the leader-peptide coding region of the operon. This stalling permits the formation of an RNA antiterminator structure, preventing transcription termination. In B. subtilis uncharged tRNATrp accumulation activates transcription and translation of the at operon. AT ...
Endocrinology of the Pancreas and Diabetes Mellitus
... • Intermediary metabolism • Pancreatic hormones • Diabetes mellitus Plasma concentrations of glucose in normal subjects and patients suffering from isolated deficiency of GH during control days of normal food intake and while fasting. Some GH-deficient patients were untreated and others were give ...
... • Intermediary metabolism • Pancreatic hormones • Diabetes mellitus Plasma concentrations of glucose in normal subjects and patients suffering from isolated deficiency of GH during control days of normal food intake and while fasting. Some GH-deficient patients were untreated and others were give ...
The G-protein regulator LGN modulates the activity of the NO
... BE2 cells transfected with pCDNA3.1-FLAG-LGN plasmid or control pCDNA3.1 vector were collected from confluent 100-mmdiameter culture dishes, washed twice with PBS and resuspended in 500 μl of PBS containing protease inhibitor mixture. For co-immunoprecipitation of sGC–LGN complex from tissues, ∼0.5 ...
... BE2 cells transfected with pCDNA3.1-FLAG-LGN plasmid or control pCDNA3.1 vector were collected from confluent 100-mmdiameter culture dishes, washed twice with PBS and resuspended in 500 μl of PBS containing protease inhibitor mixture. For co-immunoprecipitation of sGC–LGN complex from tissues, ∼0.5 ...
Structure-Function Analysis of SH3 Domains: SH3
... family protein tyrosine kinases (13, 14). This domain mediates protein-protein interactions that are important for coupling of intracellular signaling pathways, regulation of catalytic activity of proteins, recruitment of substrates to enzymes, and localization of proteins to a specific subcellular ...
... family protein tyrosine kinases (13, 14). This domain mediates protein-protein interactions that are important for coupling of intracellular signaling pathways, regulation of catalytic activity of proteins, recruitment of substrates to enzymes, and localization of proteins to a specific subcellular ...
Sequence Variability Analysis of Human Class I and Class II MHC
... molecules are expressed on most cells, bind endogenously derived peptides with sizes ranging from eight to ten amino acid residues and are recognized by CD8 cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL). On the other hand, MHC class II (MHCII) are present only on specialized APCs, bind exogenously derived peptides ...
... molecules are expressed on most cells, bind endogenously derived peptides with sizes ranging from eight to ten amino acid residues and are recognized by CD8 cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL). On the other hand, MHC class II (MHCII) are present only on specialized APCs, bind exogenously derived peptides ...
Oxidation and biosynthesis of fatty acids
... • Occurs mainly in liver and adipocytes, in mammary glands during lactation • Occurs in cytoplasm ...
... • Occurs mainly in liver and adipocytes, in mammary glands during lactation • Occurs in cytoplasm ...
Connection of Propionyl-CoA Metabolism to Polyketide
... also involved in propionate utilization, restored polyketide production in the ⌬mcsA background. Third, fungal growth on several compounds (e.g., heptadecanoic acid, isoleucine, and methionine) whose catabolism includes the formation of propionyl-CoA, were found to inhibit ST and conidiospore pigmen ...
... also involved in propionate utilization, restored polyketide production in the ⌬mcsA background. Third, fungal growth on several compounds (e.g., heptadecanoic acid, isoleucine, and methionine) whose catabolism includes the formation of propionyl-CoA, were found to inhibit ST and conidiospore pigmen ...
cyclodextrin polymer for adsorption of aromatic amino acids
... ((C ¼ O)) and 1541 cm1 ((N-H)). The existence of 1701 ((C ¼ O)) and 1541 cm1 ((N-H)) is the evidence of the polymer being cross-linked by HMDI. Adsorption of single AAA Figure 4 gives the adsorption rate of different AAA. The -CyD polymer was incubated with the samples for 5, 15, 30, 45, and ...
... ((C ¼ O)) and 1541 cm1 ((N-H)). The existence of 1701 ((C ¼ O)) and 1541 cm1 ((N-H)) is the evidence of the polymer being cross-linked by HMDI. Adsorption of single AAA Figure 4 gives the adsorption rate of different AAA. The -CyD polymer was incubated with the samples for 5, 15, 30, 45, and ...
Flux analysis in central carbon metabolism in plants
... powerful method of flux quantification, that is gaining popularity in metabolic engineering. Flux quantification in plants has received very limited attention compared to that in microorganisms and mammalian cells. This is principally because plant biochemistry is more complex, and exhibits extensiv ...
... powerful method of flux quantification, that is gaining popularity in metabolic engineering. Flux quantification in plants has received very limited attention compared to that in microorganisms and mammalian cells. This is principally because plant biochemistry is more complex, and exhibits extensiv ...
PDF - Agricultural Journals
... In mammals, two identical polypeptides (termed α-multifunctional domains), containing all the catalytic centres and ACP, form the fatty-acid synthase I (FAS I) complex (EC 2.3.1.85) (KEGG). The yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) FAS I (EC 2.3.1.86) is a multi-functional protein having two non-identica ...
... In mammals, two identical polypeptides (termed α-multifunctional domains), containing all the catalytic centres and ACP, form the fatty-acid synthase I (FAS I) complex (EC 2.3.1.85) (KEGG). The yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) FAS I (EC 2.3.1.86) is a multi-functional protein having two non-identica ...
kbook or W METABOLIC DISEASE
... specific biological functions, eating food also provides us with another important thing: energy. For example, carbohydrates, lipids and proteins from food are used to deliver energy to our cells. This energy is commonly called calories. Everybody has a minimal number of calories they need to eat to ...
... specific biological functions, eating food also provides us with another important thing: energy. For example, carbohydrates, lipids and proteins from food are used to deliver energy to our cells. This energy is commonly called calories. Everybody has a minimal number of calories they need to eat to ...
Codon optimization of Col H gene encoding Clostridium
... Collagens that exist in a huge number of cell types are the integral component of animal tissues ...
... Collagens that exist in a huge number of cell types are the integral component of animal tissues ...
anaerobic digestion fundamentals
... Non ionic form of acetate is able to pass through the membrane. At low pH (<5) the non ionic form is prevalent. This could cause an overload of acetic acid inside the cell. At higher pH value (>8) acetic acid is in his ionic form, and it is unable to pass the membrane causing an accumulation outside ...
... Non ionic form of acetate is able to pass through the membrane. At low pH (<5) the non ionic form is prevalent. This could cause an overload of acetic acid inside the cell. At higher pH value (>8) acetic acid is in his ionic form, and it is unable to pass the membrane causing an accumulation outside ...
b156 - IPB Repository - Bogor Agricultural University
... Analyses of dry matters, total peptides, NaCl concentration, total sugars, total acids, pH and free l-glutamic acid concentration were performed for the three F-500 fractions and their resulting gel filtration fractions in duplicate. Dry matters of samples were analyzed by a gravimetric method and u ...
... Analyses of dry matters, total peptides, NaCl concentration, total sugars, total acids, pH and free l-glutamic acid concentration were performed for the three F-500 fractions and their resulting gel filtration fractions in duplicate. Dry matters of samples were analyzed by a gravimetric method and u ...
Introduction to Carbohydrates
... H. Different fates of TAG in the liver and adipose tissue • In adipose tissue, TAG is stored in the cytosol of the cells in a nearly anhydrous form. • It serves as “depot fat,” ready for mobilization when the body requires it for fuel. • Little TAG is stored in the liver. Instead, most is exported, ...
... H. Different fates of TAG in the liver and adipose tissue • In adipose tissue, TAG is stored in the cytosol of the cells in a nearly anhydrous form. • It serves as “depot fat,” ready for mobilization when the body requires it for fuel. • Little TAG is stored in the liver. Instead, most is exported, ...
Metabolism and function of bile acids
... Fig. 4. The bile acid biosyntheticpathways.The classical pathway operates entirely in the liver. In other tissues, the entry of cholesterol into the alternate pathwaysis facilitatedby cholesterolhydroxylases.The oxysterols generated by these enzymes are 7e~-hydroxylatedby oxysterol hydroxylasesand t ...
... Fig. 4. The bile acid biosyntheticpathways.The classical pathway operates entirely in the liver. In other tissues, the entry of cholesterol into the alternate pathwaysis facilitatedby cholesterolhydroxylases.The oxysterols generated by these enzymes are 7e~-hydroxylatedby oxysterol hydroxylasesand t ...
ASD v2.0: updated content and novel features
... active site, also termed the allosteric site (1). The mechanisms of allosteric perturbation in cells are diverse, ranging from binding scenarios (with ions, lipids, small molecules, etc.) (2–5). The propagation of a perturbation signal across a protein’s 3D structure is an inextricable link to allos ...
... active site, also termed the allosteric site (1). The mechanisms of allosteric perturbation in cells are diverse, ranging from binding scenarios (with ions, lipids, small molecules, etc.) (2–5). The propagation of a perturbation signal across a protein’s 3D structure is an inextricable link to allos ...
biochemical investigation into initiation of fatty acid synthesis in the
... parasite T. brucei. In my dissertation, I addressed various aspects of the regulation of TbACC, which catalyzes the first committed step in FA synthesis. In the second chapter, I hypothesized that TbACC is regulated in response to environmental lipids. I examined changes in TbACC RNA, protein abunda ...
... parasite T. brucei. In my dissertation, I addressed various aspects of the regulation of TbACC, which catalyzes the first committed step in FA synthesis. In the second chapter, I hypothesized that TbACC is regulated in response to environmental lipids. I examined changes in TbACC RNA, protein abunda ...
The Genera Staphylococcus and Macrococcus
... possibility of false-negative reactions due to PCR inhibitors that might be present in some foods. Several conventional procedures for isolating S. aureus from foods are described below. Nonselective Enrichment Procedures It is often necessary to use nonselective enrichment procedures for the detect ...
... possibility of false-negative reactions due to PCR inhibitors that might be present in some foods. Several conventional procedures for isolating S. aureus from foods are described below. Nonselective Enrichment Procedures It is often necessary to use nonselective enrichment procedures for the detect ...
Enzyme Mechanisms - Weber State University
... Certain proteolytic enzymes also function in blood clotting and processing of proteins. • The serine proteases are an important sub-group of this class of enzymes. The alcoholic functional group of serine at the active sites of these proteases serves as a strong nucleophile, attacking the carbonyl c ...
... Certain proteolytic enzymes also function in blood clotting and processing of proteins. • The serine proteases are an important sub-group of this class of enzymes. The alcoholic functional group of serine at the active sites of these proteases serves as a strong nucleophile, attacking the carbonyl c ...
Was photosynthetic RuBisCO recruited by
... per second, even when substrate is saturating [2,18]. As a consequence, the photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rate is limited by RuBisCO in plants [20,36]. To overcome these disadvantages, plants are obliged to invest a large amount of nitrogen to synthesize RuBisCO, which accounts for about 50% of al ...
... per second, even when substrate is saturating [2,18]. As a consequence, the photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rate is limited by RuBisCO in plants [20,36]. To overcome these disadvantages, plants are obliged to invest a large amount of nitrogen to synthesize RuBisCO, which accounts for about 50% of al ...
26/2/2010 Branched Chain Amino Acids as Adjunctive Therapy to Ketogenic Diet
... acetyl--CoA acetyl ...
... acetyl--CoA acetyl ...
MEDICAL GRAND ROUNDS PARKLAND
... replacing glucose moving into tissues with amino acids . (If you eat potatoes with the beef, glucagon secretion is suppressed -- it obviously wouldn't be needed .. ) NOTE : The glucagon response anticipates the rise in aminoacidemia and is somewhat greater than is observed with an identical level of ...
... replacing glucose moving into tissues with amino acids . (If you eat potatoes with the beef, glucagon secretion is suppressed -- it obviously wouldn't be needed .. ) NOTE : The glucagon response anticipates the rise in aminoacidemia and is somewhat greater than is observed with an identical level of ...
Proteolysis
Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. Uncatalysed, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds is extremely slow, taking hundreds of years. Proteolysis is typically catalysed by cellular enzymes called proteases, but may also occur by intra-molecular digestion. Low pH or high temperatures can also cause proteolysis non-enzymatically.Proteolysis in organisms serves many purposes; for example, digestive enzymes break down proteins in food to provide amino acids for the organism, while proteolytic processing of a polypeptide chain after its synthesis may be necessary for the production of an active protein. It is also important in the regulation of some physiological and cellular processes, as well as preventing the accumulation of unwanted or abnormal proteins in cells. Consequently, dis-regulation of proteolysis can cause diseases, and is used in some venoms to damage their prey.Proteolysis is important as an analytical tool for studying proteins in the laboratory, as well as industrially, for example in food processing and stain removal.