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Standard 4 notes
Standard 4 notes

IGCSE Chemistry Definitions – LEARN THESE! Melting
IGCSE Chemistry Definitions – LEARN THESE! Melting

Exam - Chemistry With BT
Exam - Chemistry With BT

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Workshop 9

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organic quiz 2
organic quiz 2

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Lecture 6 - TCD Chemistry

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reactions of the carbonyl group in aldehydes and ketones

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Hydroperoxide ion P.9 is much less basic than hydroxide ion P.10

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doc

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Organic Chemistry 1 1st Hour Exam Student ID # Name

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AP Chem Stoichiometry Topic#4 Questions WS Name: Date: Per
AP Chem Stoichiometry Topic#4 Questions WS Name: Date: Per

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Exam 2 Review A
Exam 2 Review A

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Exam 2 Review A
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Final Exam Review Sheet Chemistry 110a/1998
Final Exam Review Sheet Chemistry 110a/1998

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What is an addition reaction

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Woodward–Hoffmann rules



The Woodward–Hoffmann rules, devised by Robert Burns Woodward and Roald Hoffmann, are a set of rules in organic chemistry predicting the barrier heights of pericyclic reactions based upon conservation of orbital symmetry. The Woodward–Hoffmann rules can be applied to understand electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions (including cheletropic reactions), sigmatropic reactions, and group transfer reactions. Reactions are classified as allowed if the electronic barrier is low, and forbidden if the barrier is high. Forbidden reactions can still take place but require significantly more energy.The Woodward–Hoffmann rules were first formulated to explain the striking stereospecificity of electrocyclic reactions under thermal and photochemical control. Thermolysis of the substituted cyclobutene trans-1,2,3,4-tetramethylcyclobutene (1) gave only one diastereomer, the (E,E)-3,4-dimethyl-2,4-hexadiene (2) as shown below; the (Z,Z) and the (E,Z) diastereomers were not detected in the reaction. Similarly, thermolysis of cis-1,2,3,4-tetramethylcyclobutene (3) gave only the (E,Z) diastereomer (4).Due to their elegance and simplicity, the Woodward–Hoffmann rules are credited with first exemplifying the power of molecular orbital theory to experimental chemists. Hoffmann was awarded the 1981 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for this work, shared with Kenichi Fukui who developed a similar model using frontier molecular orbital (FMO) theory; because Woodward had died two years before, he was not eligible to win what would have been his second Nobel Prize for Chemistry.
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