Molecular Orbital Theory
... constructed by adding the mathematical functions for the two 1s atomic orbitals that come together to form this molecule. Another orbital is formed by subtracting one of these functions from the other, as shown in the figure below. One of these orbitals is called a bonding molecular orbital because ...
... constructed by adding the mathematical functions for the two 1s atomic orbitals that come together to form this molecule. Another orbital is formed by subtracting one of these functions from the other, as shown in the figure below. One of these orbitals is called a bonding molecular orbital because ...
The SN2 Reaction: 1
... method (1) is preferred for preparation of halides of the types R2CHBr and R3CBr. Primary alcohols are more resistant to dehydration and can be converted efficiently to the bromides by the more economical methods (2) and (3), unless they are of such high molecular weight as to lack adequate solubili ...
... method (1) is preferred for preparation of halides of the types R2CHBr and R3CBr. Primary alcohols are more resistant to dehydration and can be converted efficiently to the bromides by the more economical methods (2) and (3), unless they are of such high molecular weight as to lack adequate solubili ...
Screening - Entrance
... 1. In thermodynamics, a process is called reversible when: (a) Surroundings and system change into each other (b) There is no boundary between system and surroundings (c) The surroundings are always in equilibrium with the system (d) The system changes into the surroundings spontaneously 2. The root ...
... 1. In thermodynamics, a process is called reversible when: (a) Surroundings and system change into each other (b) There is no boundary between system and surroundings (c) The surroundings are always in equilibrium with the system (d) The system changes into the surroundings spontaneously 2. The root ...
Chemical Reactions
... table which shows the relative reactivity of various compounds. This helps determine which compounds would be replaced by another. ...
... table which shows the relative reactivity of various compounds. This helps determine which compounds would be replaced by another. ...
Preparation and Reaction of Carboxylic Acids - IDC
... nucleophilic group are important for preparing functional derivatives of carboxylic acids. The alcohols provide a usefulreference chemistry against which this class of transformations may be evaluated. In general, the hydroxyl group proved to be a poor leaving group, and virtually all alcohol reacti ...
... nucleophilic group are important for preparing functional derivatives of carboxylic acids. The alcohols provide a usefulreference chemistry against which this class of transformations may be evaluated. In general, the hydroxyl group proved to be a poor leaving group, and virtually all alcohol reacti ...
Group B_reaction of alkenes
... delocalized (spreading out). • the dispersion of positive charge stabilizes the carbocation because a charged species is more stable if its charge is spread out. •Delocalization of electrons by overlap of a σ bond orbital with empty p orbital on an adjacent carbon- hyperconjugation. ...
... delocalized (spreading out). • the dispersion of positive charge stabilizes the carbocation because a charged species is more stable if its charge is spread out. •Delocalization of electrons by overlap of a σ bond orbital with empty p orbital on an adjacent carbon- hyperconjugation. ...
Organometallic Reactions and Catalysis
... – Involved a carbene complex – The carbene reacts with an alkene to form a metallocyclobutane intermediate. The intermediate can either revert to reactants or form new products. – Schrock metathesis catalysts are most effective and the most studied (available commercially). ...
... – Involved a carbene complex – The carbene reacts with an alkene to form a metallocyclobutane intermediate. The intermediate can either revert to reactants or form new products. – Schrock metathesis catalysts are most effective and the most studied (available commercially). ...
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 03 JULY 2014 Lesson Description
... The boiling point of each alcohol is much higher than that of the alkane of comparable relative molecular mass. Explain this observation by referring to the type and strength of the intermolecular forces in alkanes and alcohols. ...
... The boiling point of each alcohol is much higher than that of the alkane of comparable relative molecular mass. Explain this observation by referring to the type and strength of the intermolecular forces in alkanes and alcohols. ...
18 - cloudfront.net
... heat given off by the corrosion reaction of an iron-magnesium alloy with salt water to produce a hot meal. Normally the reaction takes place at such a slow rate that the heat released from the process cannot be used. But when the rate is increased by the addition of salt water, heat is produced rapi ...
... heat given off by the corrosion reaction of an iron-magnesium alloy with salt water to produce a hot meal. Normally the reaction takes place at such a slow rate that the heat released from the process cannot be used. But when the rate is increased by the addition of salt water, heat is produced rapi ...
Sample Exam 1
... One of the following statements about the relationship of % s character to organic structure is false. Identify which statement is false. a. The % s character and effective electronegativity are directly proportional to one another. b. An sp3 orbital has greater % s character than an sp2 orbital. c. ...
... One of the following statements about the relationship of % s character to organic structure is false. Identify which statement is false. a. The % s character and effective electronegativity are directly proportional to one another. b. An sp3 orbital has greater % s character than an sp2 orbital. c. ...
Chap Thirteen: Alcohols
... its mechanism of formation. Predict the acidity of alcohols relative to one another and relative to other functional groups Recognize structural features of a molecule that are key to its stability and reactivity. Predict the reagents needed to produce a given product from an alcohol in one or ...
... its mechanism of formation. Predict the acidity of alcohols relative to one another and relative to other functional groups Recognize structural features of a molecule that are key to its stability and reactivity. Predict the reagents needed to produce a given product from an alcohol in one or ...
Outline_CH13_Klein
... its mechanism of formation. Predict the acidity of alcohols relative to one another and relative to other functional groups Recognize structural features of a molecule that are key to its stability and reactivity. Predict the reagents needed to produce a given product from an alcohol in one or ...
... its mechanism of formation. Predict the acidity of alcohols relative to one another and relative to other functional groups Recognize structural features of a molecule that are key to its stability and reactivity. Predict the reagents needed to produce a given product from an alcohol in one or ...
Named Reactions Of Haloalkanes and haloarenes
... 4)Swarts reaction– The synthesis of alkyl fluoride is best accomplished by heating n alkyl chloride in the presence of metallic fluoride such as AgF,Hg2F2,CoF2 ...
... 4)Swarts reaction– The synthesis of alkyl fluoride is best accomplished by heating n alkyl chloride in the presence of metallic fluoride such as AgF,Hg2F2,CoF2 ...
Diol Oxidation Handout
... In this experiment, you will use household bleach, a mild oxidizing agent, to oxidize a diol containing compound. You may either use 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol or 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol for your reaction. HO ...
... In this experiment, you will use household bleach, a mild oxidizing agent, to oxidize a diol containing compound. You may either use 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol or 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol for your reaction. HO ...
Introduction to Computational Chemistry
... classical and quantum mechanics are now implemented in a form which can handle the many-body problems associated with the structure and behavior of complex molecular systems." John A. Pople (November 1997) (Nobel prize for chemistry 1998, together with Walter Kohn ) ...
... classical and quantum mechanics are now implemented in a form which can handle the many-body problems associated with the structure and behavior of complex molecular systems." John A. Pople (November 1997) (Nobel prize for chemistry 1998, together with Walter Kohn ) ...
Woodward–Hoffmann rules
The Woodward–Hoffmann rules, devised by Robert Burns Woodward and Roald Hoffmann, are a set of rules in organic chemistry predicting the barrier heights of pericyclic reactions based upon conservation of orbital symmetry. The Woodward–Hoffmann rules can be applied to understand electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions (including cheletropic reactions), sigmatropic reactions, and group transfer reactions. Reactions are classified as allowed if the electronic barrier is low, and forbidden if the barrier is high. Forbidden reactions can still take place but require significantly more energy.The Woodward–Hoffmann rules were first formulated to explain the striking stereospecificity of electrocyclic reactions under thermal and photochemical control. Thermolysis of the substituted cyclobutene trans-1,2,3,4-tetramethylcyclobutene (1) gave only one diastereomer, the (E,E)-3,4-dimethyl-2,4-hexadiene (2) as shown below; the (Z,Z) and the (E,Z) diastereomers were not detected in the reaction. Similarly, thermolysis of cis-1,2,3,4-tetramethylcyclobutene (3) gave only the (E,Z) diastereomer (4).Due to their elegance and simplicity, the Woodward–Hoffmann rules are credited with first exemplifying the power of molecular orbital theory to experimental chemists. Hoffmann was awarded the 1981 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for this work, shared with Kenichi Fukui who developed a similar model using frontier molecular orbital (FMO) theory; because Woodward had died two years before, he was not eligible to win what would have been his second Nobel Prize for Chemistry.