Experiment 2 - fMRI Study
... To elucidate the extent to which production and comprehension share cognitive and neural processes, rather than simply linguistic and/or grammatical knowledge, here we chose to focus on processes that arguably involve competition between alternative representations. Such competition may occur in co ...
... To elucidate the extent to which production and comprehension share cognitive and neural processes, rather than simply linguistic and/or grammatical knowledge, here we chose to focus on processes that arguably involve competition between alternative representations. Such competition may occur in co ...
connections of the hypothalamus and preoptic area with nuclei of
... be seen. Their derivation is still controversial. Divac (10) defined them as magnocellular nuclei of the basal forebrain. According to our own observations and the results of cytoarchitectonic studies by Swanson (36) in this most lateral region of the preoptic area two structures m a p be differenti ...
... be seen. Their derivation is still controversial. Divac (10) defined them as magnocellular nuclei of the basal forebrain. According to our own observations and the results of cytoarchitectonic studies by Swanson (36) in this most lateral region of the preoptic area two structures m a p be differenti ...
Chapter 29 - krigolson teaching
... feedback to the brain from the peripheral proprioceptors in the eye muscles that could inform the brain that the eye is moving. This is unlikely because both the receptive field shifts and the perceptual compression begin even before the eye moves, and the cortical representation of eye position lag ...
... feedback to the brain from the peripheral proprioceptors in the eye muscles that could inform the brain that the eye is moving. This is unlikely because both the receptive field shifts and the perceptual compression begin even before the eye moves, and the cortical representation of eye position lag ...
High acetylcholine sets circuit dynamics for attention and
... (McCormick and Prince, 1986) or the enhancement of inhibition upon awakening (Steriade and Deschenes, 1974). Thus, acetylcholine appears to increase spiking activity in inhibitory interneurons, while decreasing synaptic transmission from these neurons. These effects appear somewhat paradoxical, but ...
... (McCormick and Prince, 1986) or the enhancement of inhibition upon awakening (Steriade and Deschenes, 1974). Thus, acetylcholine appears to increase spiking activity in inhibitory interneurons, while decreasing synaptic transmission from these neurons. These effects appear somewhat paradoxical, but ...
From Neuro-Psychoanalysis to Cognitive and Affective Automation Systems
... AI. Again several systems have been proposed. Most of them are either too low-level, ethologyinspired, or too rule-based, appraisal-oriented. What is missing is a comprehensive model unifying low and high-level capabilities. Some people have already suggested such models, however, almost no one (wit ...
... AI. Again several systems have been proposed. Most of them are either too low-level, ethologyinspired, or too rule-based, appraisal-oriented. What is missing is a comprehensive model unifying low and high-level capabilities. Some people have already suggested such models, however, almost no one (wit ...
Galanin in Alzheimer s disease: Neuroinhibitory or neuroprotective?
... study of GAL-ir profiles in the NB of people clinically diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment, a putative preclinical AD stage [37] or mild AD revealed no evidence for GAL hyperinnervation of this CBF region during the prodromal or early stages of AD [38]. Taken together, these findings indicate ...
... study of GAL-ir profiles in the NB of people clinically diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment, a putative preclinical AD stage [37] or mild AD revealed no evidence for GAL hyperinnervation of this CBF region during the prodromal or early stages of AD [38]. Taken together, these findings indicate ...
Functional neuroanatomy of the primate isocortical motor system
... more reliable and they indeed reflect structurally and functionally different entities. The “F” nomenclature of Matelli et al. (cf. Table 1, last column) that is used throughout this article was introduced in 1985 based on regional differences in cytochrome oxidase histochemistry. The terminology wa ...
... more reliable and they indeed reflect structurally and functionally different entities. The “F” nomenclature of Matelli et al. (cf. Table 1, last column) that is used throughout this article was introduced in 1985 based on regional differences in cytochrome oxidase histochemistry. The terminology wa ...
Reticular Formation
... Reticular Activating System Relatively non-specific Sensory modalities are merged in a polysynaptic pathway Only provides a vague awareness of any particular sensory modality Results in cortical stimulation with profound effects on: levels of Consciousness and Alerting reactions to sensory s ...
... Reticular Activating System Relatively non-specific Sensory modalities are merged in a polysynaptic pathway Only provides a vague awareness of any particular sensory modality Results in cortical stimulation with profound effects on: levels of Consciousness and Alerting reactions to sensory s ...
Role of Active Movement in Place-Specific Firing of Hippocampal
... same volume (50 l) of water was manually delivered using a syringe onto a small transparent acryl plate that was attached to the front side of the motorized cart at the reward locations. The circular track was 100 cm in diameter (OD), and the width of the track was 15 cm. It was elevated (40 cm) fr ...
... same volume (50 l) of water was manually delivered using a syringe onto a small transparent acryl plate that was attached to the front side of the motorized cart at the reward locations. The circular track was 100 cm in diameter (OD), and the width of the track was 15 cm. It was elevated (40 cm) fr ...
Study Objectives
... 4. Identify and briefly describe experimental approaches used to examine cerebral lateralization in humans. 5. Describe Sperry's and Gazzaniga's work with split-brain patients. What did their results reveal about the functions of the two cerebral hemispheres? 6. Define aphasia and list at least thr ...
... 4. Identify and briefly describe experimental approaches used to examine cerebral lateralization in humans. 5. Describe Sperry's and Gazzaniga's work with split-brain patients. What did their results reveal about the functions of the two cerebral hemispheres? 6. Define aphasia and list at least thr ...
PDF
... A critical problem in daily decision making is how to choose actions now in order to bring about rewards later. Indeed, many of our actions have long-term consequences, and it is important to not be myopic in balancing the pros and cons of different options, but rather to take into account both imme ...
... A critical problem in daily decision making is how to choose actions now in order to bring about rewards later. Indeed, many of our actions have long-term consequences, and it is important to not be myopic in balancing the pros and cons of different options, but rather to take into account both imme ...
The neural representation of plural discourse entities
... As of yet none of these theories of plural anaphora representation have been tested with the use of neuroimaging techniques, and therefore it is difficult to generate hypotheses about the neural structures involved in such representations. However, there have been a few studies on reference processin ...
... As of yet none of these theories of plural anaphora representation have been tested with the use of neuroimaging techniques, and therefore it is difficult to generate hypotheses about the neural structures involved in such representations. However, there have been a few studies on reference processin ...
connect_review_20150316 - Royal Holloway, University of London
... which must be integrated over temporal durations (VanRullen et al., 2005), rank-order codes can be decoded more quickly. High-level category response preferences generated solely from a feedforward sweep are also predicted by a variety of feedforward computational models (Reisenhuber & Poggio, 1999; ...
... which must be integrated over temporal durations (VanRullen et al., 2005), rank-order codes can be decoded more quickly. High-level category response preferences generated solely from a feedforward sweep are also predicted by a variety of feedforward computational models (Reisenhuber & Poggio, 1999; ...
INTRINSIC CONNECTIONS AND CYTOARCHITECTONIC DATA OF
... Abstract. Organization of intrinsic connections of the frontal association cortex (FAC) in dogs was studied using retrograde HRP-transport method. For cytoarchitectonic observations and measurements of thickness of the cortex and its particular layers, additional sections stained with Nissl method w ...
... Abstract. Organization of intrinsic connections of the frontal association cortex (FAC) in dogs was studied using retrograde HRP-transport method. For cytoarchitectonic observations and measurements of thickness of the cortex and its particular layers, additional sections stained with Nissl method w ...
An investigation of brain processes supporting meditation
... (cf. Patanjali book I, §41, and §51, Hartranft 2003, p. 77, 98). In this sense, the state Patanjali describes as ‘‘concentration’’ does not differ from the state that Lutz et al. (2008, p. 164) refers to as ‘‘the ‘effortless’ sustaining of an awareness without explicit selection’’, and in both cases ...
... (cf. Patanjali book I, §41, and §51, Hartranft 2003, p. 77, 98). In this sense, the state Patanjali describes as ‘‘concentration’’ does not differ from the state that Lutz et al. (2008, p. 164) refers to as ‘‘the ‘effortless’ sustaining of an awareness without explicit selection’’, and in both cases ...
Background Paper 3 - Yale School of Medicine
... Other electrophysiological and pharmacological studies of area 46 in aged rhesus monkeys have also highlighted the possible interaction between channels bound to dendrites and spines, including thin spines, as a key factor in the maintenance of youthful cognitive performance. Neurons that fire prefe ...
... Other electrophysiological and pharmacological studies of area 46 in aged rhesus monkeys have also highlighted the possible interaction between channels bound to dendrites and spines, including thin spines, as a key factor in the maintenance of youthful cognitive performance. Neurons that fire prefe ...
pdf
... It interconnects portions of the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes. Its arching course over the corpus callosum resembles the palm of an open hand with fingertips wrapping beneath the rostrum of the corpus callosum. Superior Occipitofrontal Fasciculus: Whereas the cingulum wraps around the super ...
... It interconnects portions of the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes. Its arching course over the corpus callosum resembles the palm of an open hand with fingertips wrapping beneath the rostrum of the corpus callosum. Superior Occipitofrontal Fasciculus: Whereas the cingulum wraps around the super ...
Functional circuitry underlying visual neglect
... phenomena inform us that sufficient neural circuitry exists both for detection of stimuli in the neglected hemifield and for producing orienting responses to the stimuli, but that the circuits are prevented from acting. As a consequence, a potential cure may be effected if the secondary circuits wer ...
... phenomena inform us that sufficient neural circuitry exists both for detection of stimuli in the neglected hemifield and for producing orienting responses to the stimuli, but that the circuits are prevented from acting. As a consequence, a potential cure may be effected if the secondary circuits wer ...
Rewardcircuit - URMC - University of Rochester
... Organization of Prefrontal Cortex Although cells throughout cortex fire in response to rewarding stimuli, the main cortical areas associated with reward are the anterior cingulate cortex and OFC. These are complex and heterogeneous regions, each of which is further divided into specific cortical are ...
... Organization of Prefrontal Cortex Although cells throughout cortex fire in response to rewarding stimuli, the main cortical areas associated with reward are the anterior cingulate cortex and OFC. These are complex and heterogeneous regions, each of which is further divided into specific cortical are ...
Involvement of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Hippocampal
... The number of offspring per litter in the TNF-KO mice was similar to the wt mice (7 ± 2.74, n = 22 and 8.5 ± 2.9, n = 16, respectively; mean ± SD). TNF-KO mice were analyzed for gross developmental consequences through the first postnatal month. The mice so examined developed normal phenotypes with ...
... The number of offspring per litter in the TNF-KO mice was similar to the wt mice (7 ± 2.74, n = 22 and 8.5 ± 2.9, n = 16, respectively; mean ± SD). TNF-KO mice were analyzed for gross developmental consequences through the first postnatal month. The mice so examined developed normal phenotypes with ...
Projections of the paraventricular and paratenial nuclei
... 2006), and that both orexin and CART fibers synapse with PV cells projecting to the shell of ACC (Parsons et al., 2006). They proposed that PV links visceral/arousal systems to limbic forebrain regions involved in behavioral responses (Parsons et al., 2006). Taken as a whole, the foregoing suggests t ...
... 2006), and that both orexin and CART fibers synapse with PV cells projecting to the shell of ACC (Parsons et al., 2006). They proposed that PV links visceral/arousal systems to limbic forebrain regions involved in behavioral responses (Parsons et al., 2006). Taken as a whole, the foregoing suggests t ...
an integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function
... We assume that cues in the environment activate internal representations within the PFC that can select the appropriate action. This is important when the course of action is uncertain, and especially if one of the alternatives is stronger (i.e. more habitual or more salient) but produces the incorr ...
... We assume that cues in the environment activate internal representations within the PFC that can select the appropriate action. This is important when the course of action is uncertain, and especially if one of the alternatives is stronger (i.e. more habitual or more salient) but produces the incorr ...
Executive function and PTSD: Disengaging from trauma Robin L. Aupperle
... related to attention and working memory function may not only increase our understanding of PTSD, but may also lead to more effective treatments for these patients. The majority of neuropsychological research in PTSD uses crosssectional designs from which it is impossible to determine whether any ob ...
... related to attention and working memory function may not only increase our understanding of PTSD, but may also lead to more effective treatments for these patients. The majority of neuropsychological research in PTSD uses crosssectional designs from which it is impossible to determine whether any ob ...
A Gentle Introduction to Soar, an Architecture for Human
... perceive and act on the world are limited, the world we perceive and act on is not a simple one. There are a huge number of objects, qualities of objects, actions, and so on, any of which may be key to understanding how to achieve our goals. Think about what features of the environment you respond t ...
... perceive and act on the world are limited, the world we perceive and act on is not a simple one. There are a huge number of objects, qualities of objects, actions, and so on, any of which may be key to understanding how to achieve our goals. Think about what features of the environment you respond t ...
Chronic stress prior to hippocampal stroke
... profiles of stress and CORT-related changes, but also highlight the central role of psychological conditions (e.g., emotional disturbances) in the development of the brain structure and function. Because little is known about the contribution of CORT in stress-dependent challenges before the ischemic ...
... profiles of stress and CORT-related changes, but also highlight the central role of psychological conditions (e.g., emotional disturbances) in the development of the brain structure and function. Because little is known about the contribution of CORT in stress-dependent challenges before the ischemic ...
Neuroanatomy of memory
The neuroanatomy of memory encompasses a wide variety of anatomical structures in the brain.