19 CORTICAL PROJECTIONS FROM TWO PRESTRIATE AREAS IN
... rior bank of the superior temporal sulcus, which appears to receive projections from all these areas, regions of vertical meridian representation in area 18 project to two strips outside (anterior to) area 19 and that a third, separate, field receives a small projection (anterior part of prelunate g ...
... rior bank of the superior temporal sulcus, which appears to receive projections from all these areas, regions of vertical meridian representation in area 18 project to two strips outside (anterior to) area 19 and that a third, separate, field receives a small projection (anterior part of prelunate g ...
The functional role of dorso-lateral premotor cortex
... activation was detected in lateral and medial premotor areas, but not in primary motor areas (see also Windischberger et al., 2002). Using a combination of exploratory and model-based fMRI analysis techniques, we subsequently disentangled the different contributions of primary and premotor areas to ...
... activation was detected in lateral and medial premotor areas, but not in primary motor areas (see also Windischberger et al., 2002). Using a combination of exploratory and model-based fMRI analysis techniques, we subsequently disentangled the different contributions of primary and premotor areas to ...
ORGANIZATION OF CORTICAL AFFERENTS TO THE FRONTAL
... 3). In this case, a large injection was placed in the dorsal FAC zone, involving mainly the caudal prefrontal and partly the premotor cortices. A high concentration of reaction product was found on the dorsolateral surface of the caudal proreal gyrus (PR), the central precruciate area (XC) and a pa ...
... 3). In this case, a large injection was placed in the dorsal FAC zone, involving mainly the caudal prefrontal and partly the premotor cortices. A high concentration of reaction product was found on the dorsolateral surface of the caudal proreal gyrus (PR), the central precruciate area (XC) and a pa ...
Dissociable Functions in the Medial and Lateral Orbitofrontal Cortex
... It is clear from the lesion literature in both animals and humans that the OFC is a functionally complex structure which is implicated in high-level aspects of cognition, as well as mediating aspects of emotional behaviour. This apparent dual role is also ref lected in its patterns of interconnectiv ...
... It is clear from the lesion literature in both animals and humans that the OFC is a functionally complex structure which is implicated in high-level aspects of cognition, as well as mediating aspects of emotional behaviour. This apparent dual role is also ref lected in its patterns of interconnectiv ...
An Integrative Theory on Prefrontal Cortex Function
... We assume that cues in the environment activate internal representations within the PFC that can select the appropriate action. This is important when the course of action is uncertain, and especially if one of the alternatives is stronger (i.e. more habitual or more salient) but produces the incorr ...
... We assume that cues in the environment activate internal representations within the PFC that can select the appropriate action. This is important when the course of action is uncertain, and especially if one of the alternatives is stronger (i.e. more habitual or more salient) but produces the incorr ...
The basal ganglia: from motor commands to the
... to dorsal striatum, leads not only to reductions in voluntary behavior, but also a profound slowing of movement or bradykinesia. Panigrahi et al. [43] showed that bradykinesia was a prominent feature of both locomotor and reaching movements in a murine model of Parkinson’s disease [44] with a numb ...
... to dorsal striatum, leads not only to reductions in voluntary behavior, but also a profound slowing of movement or bradykinesia. Panigrahi et al. [43] showed that bradykinesia was a prominent feature of both locomotor and reaching movements in a murine model of Parkinson’s disease [44] with a numb ...
Parallel Processing of Appetitive Short- and Long
... [22, 24] and in ab neurons to form LTM [24], suggesting an independence of these two memory phases. However, several results suggest that aversive STM and LTM are not processed by fully independent neuronal pathways. Thus, a more efficient rescue of rut STM or LTM defect is observed when RUT is expr ...
... [22, 24] and in ab neurons to form LTM [24], suggesting an independence of these two memory phases. However, several results suggest that aversive STM and LTM are not processed by fully independent neuronal pathways. Thus, a more efficient rescue of rut STM or LTM defect is observed when RUT is expr ...
Activity of Neurons in Anterior Inferior Temporal Cortex during a
... each of which makes different assumptions about the distributions. In a previous study (Miller et al., 199 1b), we used logistic regression. However, discriminant analysis often does better at discriminating among more than two classes and thus was employed in the present study. We also made use of ...
... each of which makes different assumptions about the distributions. In a previous study (Miller et al., 199 1b), we used logistic regression. However, discriminant analysis often does better at discriminating among more than two classes and thus was employed in the present study. We also made use of ...
Cellular Mechanisms in the Amygdala Involved in Memory
... Natural disaster can occur in all countries of the world. Now Japan suffers triple disasters: massive earthquake, vast tsunami and the world`s worst nuclear crisis. The victims with fear in their minds deeply might fall into fear-related disorders in future. Fear is a conserved emotion in response t ...
... Natural disaster can occur in all countries of the world. Now Japan suffers triple disasters: massive earthquake, vast tsunami and the world`s worst nuclear crisis. The victims with fear in their minds deeply might fall into fear-related disorders in future. Fear is a conserved emotion in response t ...
Winstanley et al. - Rudolf Cardinal
... et al., 2002). In this study, BLA lesions may have prevented the utilization of such representations. Therefore, the value of the large reward was not maintained across the delay, leading the subject to choose impulsively. The NAC has been described as the “limbicmotor interface,” providing an impor ...
... et al., 2002). In this study, BLA lesions may have prevented the utilization of such representations. Therefore, the value of the large reward was not maintained across the delay, leading the subject to choose impulsively. The NAC has been described as the “limbicmotor interface,” providing an impor ...
Current Opinion in Neurobiology (2004)
... stimulus-reinforcer expectancies, that is, which showed reinforcer-specific activity in the presence of the odor cues, was lower in rats with BLA lesions than in intact rats. By contrast, OFC lesions had little effect on the proportion of such stimulus-reinforcer expectancy neurons in BLA. The two l ...
... stimulus-reinforcer expectancies, that is, which showed reinforcer-specific activity in the presence of the odor cues, was lower in rats with BLA lesions than in intact rats. By contrast, OFC lesions had little effect on the proportion of such stimulus-reinforcer expectancy neurons in BLA. The two l ...
A simulation of parahippocampal and hippocampal structures guiding spatial navigation of
... for encoding. Effective encoding would require strong excitatory input conveying information about sensory input from entorhinal cortex. In experimental work, current source density analysis (Brankack et al., 1993; Bragin et al., 1995) shows strong current sinks in stratum lacunosum-moleculare (s. l ...
... for encoding. Effective encoding would require strong excitatory input conveying information about sensory input from entorhinal cortex. In experimental work, current source density analysis (Brankack et al., 1993; Bragin et al., 1995) shows strong current sinks in stratum lacunosum-moleculare (s. l ...
Lateral prefrontal cortex: architectonic and functional organization
... area 8, being separated from it by a cortical region that Brodmann (1909) included as part of area 9 (figure 2a,b). It is important to note that both Walker (1940) and subsequent investigators of the monkey prefrontal cortex (e.g. Barbas & Pandya 1989; Preuss & Goldman-Rakic 1991) noted that the reg ...
... area 8, being separated from it by a cortical region that Brodmann (1909) included as part of area 9 (figure 2a,b). It is important to note that both Walker (1940) and subsequent investigators of the monkey prefrontal cortex (e.g. Barbas & Pandya 1989; Preuss & Goldman-Rakic 1991) noted that the reg ...
The role of the medial frontal cortex in the
... their emotional states by maintaining the initially generated emotional responses to that stimulus in their original form. In this case, maintaining an emotional state would resemble the passive maintenance of information in simple delayed match-to-sample tasks, which does not necessarily require ad ...
... their emotional states by maintaining the initially generated emotional responses to that stimulus in their original form. In this case, maintaining an emotional state would resemble the passive maintenance of information in simple delayed match-to-sample tasks, which does not necessarily require ad ...
08. pons + midbrain
... extrapyramidal motor nucleus, lies at midbrain tegmentum. -It contains subdivision part, the pars compacta, which consists of pigmented, melanin-containing neurones that synthesize dopamine as their transmitter. -It project to caudate nucleus+putamen of basal ganglia in the forebrain. --It has extra ...
... extrapyramidal motor nucleus, lies at midbrain tegmentum. -It contains subdivision part, the pars compacta, which consists of pigmented, melanin-containing neurones that synthesize dopamine as their transmitter. -It project to caudate nucleus+putamen of basal ganglia in the forebrain. --It has extra ...
MAY 5, 2000 Submitted to the Annual Review of Neuroscience AN
... inhibitory interactions. Voluntary shifts of attention result from the influence of excitatory topdown signals representing the to-be-attended features of the scene. These bias the competition among neurons representing the scene, increasing the activity of neurons representing the to-beattended fe ...
... inhibitory interactions. Voluntary shifts of attention result from the influence of excitatory topdown signals representing the to-be-attended features of the scene. These bias the competition among neurons representing the scene, increasing the activity of neurons representing the to-beattended fe ...
The medial parietal occipital areas in the macaque
... cortex (mPOC) have been, and still is, a matter of scientific debate. The mPOC is a convoluted region of the brain that presents a high level of individual variability, and the fact that many areas of mPOC are located within very deep sulci further limits the possibility to investigate their anatomo ...
... cortex (mPOC) have been, and still is, a matter of scientific debate. The mPOC is a convoluted region of the brain that presents a high level of individual variability, and the fact that many areas of mPOC are located within very deep sulci further limits the possibility to investigate their anatomo ...
Reward and Reinforcement I 1. Which of the following statements is
... C. innervates the red nucleus and the dorsal striatum D. is involved in mediating electrical brain stimulation reward via dopamine E. the cortical part is related to visual cortex A. FALSE it originates in the VTA B. FALSE DA is released in nucleus accumbens in response to both primary and secondary ...
... C. innervates the red nucleus and the dorsal striatum D. is involved in mediating electrical brain stimulation reward via dopamine E. the cortical part is related to visual cortex A. FALSE it originates in the VTA B. FALSE DA is released in nucleus accumbens in response to both primary and secondary ...
Firing characteristics of deep layer neurons in prefrontal cortex in
... of the PFC units, spatial information content per spike (Skaggs et al., 1993) was first calculated. In addition, firing rates on individual arms over multiple visits were compared using an ANOVA in order to test whether or not unit firing was evenly distributed over all eight arms. Finally, for thos ...
... of the PFC units, spatial information content per spike (Skaggs et al., 1993) was first calculated. In addition, firing rates on individual arms over multiple visits were compared using an ANOVA in order to test whether or not unit firing was evenly distributed over all eight arms. Finally, for thos ...
cerebellum
... thereby exciting the afferent fibers on this side. In the right canal the hair cells are hyperpolarized and afferent firing there decreases. ...
... thereby exciting the afferent fibers on this side. In the right canal the hair cells are hyperpolarized and afferent firing there decreases. ...
Full Text
... the occurrence of retrograde trans-synaptic degeneration of neurons in the human visual pathway. Degeneration of an axon in the direction of its terminal following direct injury is classified as anterograde degeneration, whereas retrograde degeneration proceeds towards the cell body (Coleman et al., ...
... the occurrence of retrograde trans-synaptic degeneration of neurons in the human visual pathway. Degeneration of an axon in the direction of its terminal following direct injury is classified as anterograde degeneration, whereas retrograde degeneration proceeds towards the cell body (Coleman et al., ...
Memory
... – Robert Siegler (1998) described three mechanisms that work together to create changes in children’s cognitive skills: • Encoding: The process by which information gets into memory. • Automaticity: The ability to process information with little or no effort. • Strategy construction: The creation of ...
... – Robert Siegler (1998) described three mechanisms that work together to create changes in children’s cognitive skills: • Encoding: The process by which information gets into memory. • Automaticity: The ability to process information with little or no effort. • Strategy construction: The creation of ...
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Neuroanatomy of memory
The neuroanatomy of memory encompasses a wide variety of anatomical structures in the brain.