A computational model of action selection in the basal ganglia. I. A
... central nervous system. The overall activity level of the neural representation of a given action may determine its salience or propensity to be selected for execution, as proposed by Koechlin and Burnod (1996). Rather than dealing directly with the neural codes for each action, we propose that the ...
... central nervous system. The overall activity level of the neural representation of a given action may determine its salience or propensity to be selected for execution, as proposed by Koechlin and Burnod (1996). Rather than dealing directly with the neural codes for each action, we propose that the ...
Aerobic Glycolysis in the Frontal Cortex Correlates with Memory
... Magistretti and Allaman, 2015). Aerobic glycolysis can be described as the reliance on glycolysis, even when oxygen is not rate-limiting, with the concomitant production of lactate as a by-product (Lunt and Vander Heiden, 2011). Emerging evidence suggests that lactate production and transport betwee ...
... Magistretti and Allaman, 2015). Aerobic glycolysis can be described as the reliance on glycolysis, even when oxygen is not rate-limiting, with the concomitant production of lactate as a by-product (Lunt and Vander Heiden, 2011). Emerging evidence suggests that lactate production and transport betwee ...
1 - Projeto Andar de Novo
... hypothalamic molecules related to energy metabolism. We previously observed a delay in nitric oxide expression in hypothalamus. In this work we analyzed the effects of a hipoproteic diet applied to lactating rats during the first ten days of life in hypothalamic glycogen stores. Animals from P10 to ...
... hypothalamic molecules related to energy metabolism. We previously observed a delay in nitric oxide expression in hypothalamus. In this work we analyzed the effects of a hipoproteic diet applied to lactating rats during the first ten days of life in hypothalamic glycogen stores. Animals from P10 to ...
Afferents to the Optic Tectum of the Leopard Frog: An HRP Study
... identified. The fibers of the crossed component exited the tectum, gathered in the ventrolateral tegmentum, and turned medially to deoussate in the floor of the brain stem just rostral to the interpeduncular nucleus. This component took up a ventral paramedian position and turned caudally. A large p ...
... identified. The fibers of the crossed component exited the tectum, gathered in the ventrolateral tegmentum, and turned medially to deoussate in the floor of the brain stem just rostral to the interpeduncular nucleus. This component took up a ventral paramedian position and turned caudally. A large p ...
Quantified Distribution of the Noradrenaline Innervation in the
... section. The choice of wide and thin counting windows (125 x 330 pm) allowed for accurate sampling of the different laminae in every region. In Ammon’s horn and DG, the second or third window always coincided with the pyramidal and the granule cell layers (see Fig. 1). The results were first express ...
... section. The choice of wide and thin counting windows (125 x 330 pm) allowed for accurate sampling of the different laminae in every region. In Ammon’s horn and DG, the second or third window always coincided with the pyramidal and the granule cell layers (see Fig. 1). The results were first express ...
review - NYU Psychology
... to the basal ganglia from the basal nucleus13. Under most circumstances, the role of the amygdala in fear conditioning is best understood together with other functional regions within a greater circuitry of fear learning. This circuitry involves sensory input and motor output systems, as well as reg ...
... to the basal ganglia from the basal nucleus13. Under most circumstances, the role of the amygdala in fear conditioning is best understood together with other functional regions within a greater circuitry of fear learning. This circuitry involves sensory input and motor output systems, as well as reg ...
06-pons + midbrain
... motor nucleus, lies at the most ventral part of midbrain tegmentum. -It contains subdivision part, the pars compacta, which consists of pigmented, melanin-containing neurones that synthesise dopamine as their transmitter. -It projects to caudate nucleus + putamen of basal ganglia in the forebrain. - ...
... motor nucleus, lies at the most ventral part of midbrain tegmentum. -It contains subdivision part, the pars compacta, which consists of pigmented, melanin-containing neurones that synthesise dopamine as their transmitter. -It projects to caudate nucleus + putamen of basal ganglia in the forebrain. - ...
do simultaneously presented visual and auditory
... How do the quality and quantity of recalled memory and comprehension differ when auditory and visual stimuli convey the same or different types of information? Does auditory or visual stimuli tend to attract more of our attention while, for example, watching TV, or attending a meeting or class? Coul ...
... How do the quality and quantity of recalled memory and comprehension differ when auditory and visual stimuli convey the same or different types of information? Does auditory or visual stimuli tend to attract more of our attention while, for example, watching TV, or attending a meeting or class? Coul ...
How Do We See the World?
... these visually guided movements? For instance, what happens when you reach for your pen or your coffee mug? Before reading further, reach for objects of different sizes and shapes around you and observe what you do. First, your eyes orient to the object. Then, as your hand moves toward it, your fing ...
... these visually guided movements? For instance, what happens when you reach for your pen or your coffee mug? Before reading further, reach for objects of different sizes and shapes around you and observe what you do. First, your eyes orient to the object. Then, as your hand moves toward it, your fing ...
Retrieval induces adaptive forgetting of competing memories via
... with retrieval and inhibitory control mechanisms are engaged to suppress the distraction they cause. This form of forgetting is considered to be adaptive because it reduces future interference. The effect of this proposed inhibition process on competing memories has, however, never been observed, as ...
... with retrieval and inhibitory control mechanisms are engaged to suppress the distraction they cause. This form of forgetting is considered to be adaptive because it reduces future interference. The effect of this proposed inhibition process on competing memories has, however, never been observed, as ...
Cytoarchitecture of the canine perirhinal and postrhinal cortex
... parahippocampal cortical regions of the “medial temporal lobe”, is an important component of the memory system. More recently it has been discovered that in the human brain this cortex undergoes severe neurodegenerative changes in Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia or temporal lobe epilepsy, and int ...
... parahippocampal cortical regions of the “medial temporal lobe”, is an important component of the memory system. More recently it has been discovered that in the human brain this cortex undergoes severe neurodegenerative changes in Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia or temporal lobe epilepsy, and int ...
Hemispheric asymmetries of cortical volume in the human brain
... measuring (1) the shortest distance from each point on the white matter surface to the pial surface, and (2) the shortest distance from each point on the pial surface to the white matter surface. Cortical thickness at each vertex was computed as the average of the two values. The accuracy of automat ...
... measuring (1) the shortest distance from each point on the white matter surface to the pial surface, and (2) the shortest distance from each point on the pial surface to the white matter surface. Cortical thickness at each vertex was computed as the average of the two values. The accuracy of automat ...
Sleep Spindles as Facilitators of Memory Formation and Learning
... of sleep spindles in learning is not confined to sleep episodes immediately after training [22]. In the same species, spindles particularly at the transition to REM sleep were shown to be involved in the consolidation of novel memories [23]. These studies show that spindles play a role in learning a ...
... of sleep spindles in learning is not confined to sleep episodes immediately after training [22]. In the same species, spindles particularly at the transition to REM sleep were shown to be involved in the consolidation of novel memories [23]. These studies show that spindles play a role in learning a ...
the evolution of body and brain, and of sensory
... haptic attributes. Each of the large number of Pacinian corpuscles distributed beneath the skin of the palm and fingers is supplied with a single fast-adapting nerve fiber whose discharge follows the vibration frequency of the object as the fingers pass over its surface (Gray and Sato, 1953; Hunt an ...
... haptic attributes. Each of the large number of Pacinian corpuscles distributed beneath the skin of the palm and fingers is supplied with a single fast-adapting nerve fiber whose discharge follows the vibration frequency of the object as the fingers pass over its surface (Gray and Sato, 1953; Hunt an ...
Supplementary Information (doc 2155K)
... between-groups t-test, thresholded at p<.05 (df=26), corrected for the combined volume of the right dlPFC and mPFC using the same Monte Carlo technique we employed in the young monkey analyses (Fig. S5). The location and extent of the ROIs was dictated by our results in the juvenile rhesus sample. T ...
... between-groups t-test, thresholded at p<.05 (df=26), corrected for the combined volume of the right dlPFC and mPFC using the same Monte Carlo technique we employed in the young monkey analyses (Fig. S5). The location and extent of the ROIs was dictated by our results in the juvenile rhesus sample. T ...
Cortical control of saccades and fixation in man
... supplementary motor area (SMA), insula, cingulate, thalamus, midbrain, cerebellum and right superior temporal gyms (Brodmann s area 22). Compared with the individual saccadic tasks, central fixation activated extensive regions of ventromedial (areas 10, 11 and 32) and anterolateral (areas 8, 9, 10, ...
... supplementary motor area (SMA), insula, cingulate, thalamus, midbrain, cerebellum and right superior temporal gyms (Brodmann s area 22). Compared with the individual saccadic tasks, central fixation activated extensive regions of ventromedial (areas 10, 11 and 32) and anterolateral (areas 8, 9, 10, ...
The role of the medial frontal cortex in the maintenance of emotional
... to be positive, negative or neutral. For each positive and negative emotion trial, participants were given one of two instructions after viewing the first picture. In the ‘nonmaintain’ condition, participants viewed an instruction slide with one square and a question mark to its right, indicating th ...
... to be positive, negative or neutral. For each positive and negative emotion trial, participants were given one of two instructions after viewing the first picture. In the ‘nonmaintain’ condition, participants viewed an instruction slide with one square and a question mark to its right, indicating th ...
Neuro Objectives 22 - U
... Medial longitudinal fasciculus: medial throughout brainstem, ventral to the ventricular system Oculomotor nuclei: rostral midbrain, medial, multiple nuclei ventral to periaqueductal gray Trochlear nuclei: caudal midbrain, medial, dorsal to MLF, only cranial nerve that leaves both dorsally and crosse ...
... Medial longitudinal fasciculus: medial throughout brainstem, ventral to the ventricular system Oculomotor nuclei: rostral midbrain, medial, multiple nuclei ventral to periaqueductal gray Trochlear nuclei: caudal midbrain, medial, dorsal to MLF, only cranial nerve that leaves both dorsally and crosse ...
Blockade of Central Cholinergic Receptors Impairs New Learning
... Stern, & Howard, 2003). These studies suggest that the effects of scopolamine may particularly affect the hippocampus and parahippocampal structures, as lesions of these structures cause a similar pattern of deficits (impaired recognition and recall of previously experienced events, with sparing of ...
... Stern, & Howard, 2003). These studies suggest that the effects of scopolamine may particularly affect the hippocampus and parahippocampal structures, as lesions of these structures cause a similar pattern of deficits (impaired recognition and recall of previously experienced events, with sparing of ...
Nerves
... convoluted surface called the neocortex, which was previously thought to be required for cognition • Cognition is the perception and reasoning that form knowledge • However, it has recently been shown that birds also demonstrate cognition even though they lack a neocortex Copyright © 2008 Pearson Ed ...
... convoluted surface called the neocortex, which was previously thought to be required for cognition • Cognition is the perception and reasoning that form knowledge • However, it has recently been shown that birds also demonstrate cognition even though they lack a neocortex Copyright © 2008 Pearson Ed ...
Read Article - University of Northern Colorado
... our analyses to increase the sensitivity of our group comparisons. For each ROI, if a cluster of 25 or more contiguous voxels exceeded an uncorrected p < .01 threshold at the local maximum voxel, we applied a small volume correction (SVC: Worseley et al. [69]) at p < .05 on a 6 mm diameter sphere ce ...
... our analyses to increase the sensitivity of our group comparisons. For each ROI, if a cluster of 25 or more contiguous voxels exceeded an uncorrected p < .01 threshold at the local maximum voxel, we applied a small volume correction (SVC: Worseley et al. [69]) at p < .05 on a 6 mm diameter sphere ce ...
video slide - Welcome to HCC Southeast Commons
... convoluted surface called the neocortex, which was previously thought to be required for cognition • Cognition is the perception and reasoning that form knowledge ...
... convoluted surface called the neocortex, which was previously thought to be required for cognition • Cognition is the perception and reasoning that form knowledge ...
Ch 49
... convoluted surface called the neocortex, which was previously thought to be required for cognition • Cognition is the perception and reasoning that form knowledge ...
... convoluted surface called the neocortex, which was previously thought to be required for cognition • Cognition is the perception and reasoning that form knowledge ...
Blockade of Central Cholinergic Receptors Impairs New Learning and
... Stern, & Howard, 2003). These studies suggest that the effects of scopolamine may particularly affect the hippocampus and parahippocampal structures, as lesions of these structures cause a similar pattern of deficits (impaired recognition and recall of previously experienced events, with sparing of ...
... Stern, & Howard, 2003). These studies suggest that the effects of scopolamine may particularly affect the hippocampus and parahippocampal structures, as lesions of these structures cause a similar pattern of deficits (impaired recognition and recall of previously experienced events, with sparing of ...
pdf, 1 MiB - Infoscience
... and limited. Furthermore, experiments studying connectivity between individual brain regions are not reported in a normalized, structured and centralized repository, but published in plain text, scattered among individual scientific publications (Richardet et al., 2015). Consequently, manual literat ...
... and limited. Furthermore, experiments studying connectivity between individual brain regions are not reported in a normalized, structured and centralized repository, but published in plain text, scattered among individual scientific publications (Richardet et al., 2015). Consequently, manual literat ...
Neuroanatomy of memory
The neuroanatomy of memory encompasses a wide variety of anatomical structures in the brain.