Caudate Tracing Guidelines
... Beginning rostrally and ending caudally, the following guidelines were established: i. Care was taken not to include cerebrospinal fluid or meningeal artifacts on the medial aspect of each caudate. ii. The nucleus accumbens (abutting on the ventral aspect of the caudate and forming a bridge of tissu ...
... Beginning rostrally and ending caudally, the following guidelines were established: i. Care was taken not to include cerebrospinal fluid or meningeal artifacts on the medial aspect of each caudate. ii. The nucleus accumbens (abutting on the ventral aspect of the caudate and forming a bridge of tissu ...
Neural circuits underlying the generation of theta oscillations
... of the MEC. The EC sends direct glutamatergic inputs to the stratum lacunosum moleculare of CA1, CA3 and to the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus (Amaral and Witter, 1989; Van Groen et al., 2003) but only the MEC seems strongly involved in the generation of the hippocampal theta oscillations (Des ...
... of the MEC. The EC sends direct glutamatergic inputs to the stratum lacunosum moleculare of CA1, CA3 and to the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus (Amaral and Witter, 1989; Van Groen et al., 2003) but only the MEC seems strongly involved in the generation of the hippocampal theta oscillations (Des ...
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... Objective: 2.3 Explain how neural impulses work. 20) If a neuron only fires at full strength how is it possible for us to perceive the difference between a weak stimulus and a strong stimulus? a. It is the number of neurons firing that determines this. Correct: A perception is never determined by on ...
... Objective: 2.3 Explain how neural impulses work. 20) If a neuron only fires at full strength how is it possible for us to perceive the difference between a weak stimulus and a strong stimulus? a. It is the number of neurons firing that determines this. Correct: A perception is never determined by on ...
Amygdala Modulation of Cerebellar Learning
... cerebellum interactions in which the amygdala gates conditioned stimulus inputs to the cerebellum through a direct projection from the medial central nucleus to the basilar pontine nucleus. Amygdala gating of sensory input to the cerebellum may be an attention-like mechanism that facilitates cerebel ...
... cerebellum interactions in which the amygdala gates conditioned stimulus inputs to the cerebellum through a direct projection from the medial central nucleus to the basilar pontine nucleus. Amygdala gating of sensory input to the cerebellum may be an attention-like mechanism that facilitates cerebel ...
Eye fields in the frontal lobes of primates
... under the premise that these regions are functionally distinct w69,161,162,173,254,255,277,279x. These labels have also been used to organize data from functional imaging experiments carried out on humans w204x. In this nomenclature, F2 corresponds with the premotor area, F3 with the supplementary m ...
... under the premise that these regions are functionally distinct w69,161,162,173,254,255,277,279x. These labels have also been used to organize data from functional imaging experiments carried out on humans w204x. In this nomenclature, F2 corresponds with the premotor area, F3 with the supplementary m ...
Sample
... Objective: 2.3 Explain how neural impulses work. 20) If a neuron only fires at full strength how is it possible for us to perceive the difference between a weak stimulus and a strong stimulus? a. It is the number of neurons firing that determines this. Correct: A perception is never determined by on ...
... Objective: 2.3 Explain how neural impulses work. 20) If a neuron only fires at full strength how is it possible for us to perceive the difference between a weak stimulus and a strong stimulus? a. It is the number of neurons firing that determines this. Correct: A perception is never determined by on ...
ex1
... ____ 28. A 10-month-old baby is interested in discovering different textures, comparing the touch sensations between a soft blanket and a hard wooden block. Tactile signals such as these are received by the _____ lobe. a. parietal c. frontal b. occipital d. temporal ____ 29. Positron emission tomog ...
... ____ 28. A 10-month-old baby is interested in discovering different textures, comparing the touch sensations between a soft blanket and a hard wooden block. Tactile signals such as these are received by the _____ lobe. a. parietal c. frontal b. occipital d. temporal ____ 29. Positron emission tomog ...
Limbic structures, emotion, and memory
... (unlearned) reinforcers, as shown by devaluation experiments in which, for example, a food is fed to satiety (Rolls et al., 1989a; Critchley and Rolls, 1996a; Kringelbach et al., 2003; Rolls and Grabenhorst, 2008) and by neuroeconomics experiments which show that the amount and quality of each commo ...
... (unlearned) reinforcers, as shown by devaluation experiments in which, for example, a food is fed to satiety (Rolls et al., 1989a; Critchley and Rolls, 1996a; Kringelbach et al., 2003; Rolls and Grabenhorst, 2008) and by neuroeconomics experiments which show that the amount and quality of each commo ...
Divergent Projections from the Anterior Inferotemporal Area TE to
... Figure 3. Cytoarchitecture of TEav, the caudal part of area 36 (36c), area 35, and area 28. A, Nissl-stained section. There is a separation between layers V and VI in TEav but not in 36c. Layer IV is present in area 36 but absent in areas 35 and 28. The presence of intensely stained large neurons in ...
... Figure 3. Cytoarchitecture of TEav, the caudal part of area 36 (36c), area 35, and area 28. A, Nissl-stained section. There is a separation between layers V and VI in TEav but not in 36c. Layer IV is present in area 36 but absent in areas 35 and 28. The presence of intensely stained large neurons in ...
Functional Organization of the Gustatory System in the Brains of
... terminate centrally in the vagal lobe, a mid-medullary structure. Both the oral and extra-oral taste systems are important for the regulation and coordination of feeding behaviors in the catfish. ...
... terminate centrally in the vagal lobe, a mid-medullary structure. Both the oral and extra-oral taste systems are important for the regulation and coordination of feeding behaviors in the catfish. ...
Orexins and fear: implications for the treatment of - e
... hypothalamic and thalamic nuclei [26]. Reciprocally, orexin neurons receive input from several nuclei of the limbic system [27,28]. Studies in humans have shown that individuals with narcolepsy, a condition associated with a loss of orexin neurons [29], show reduced AMY activity and no increase in f ...
... hypothalamic and thalamic nuclei [26]. Reciprocally, orexin neurons receive input from several nuclei of the limbic system [27,28]. Studies in humans have shown that individuals with narcolepsy, a condition associated with a loss of orexin neurons [29], show reduced AMY activity and no increase in f ...
... Previous studies have shown that the basal forebrain is connected with cortical and subcortical structures, with some degree of topographic organization 62,79,93,106,107,131,132 (for review see Ref. 132). For example, the diagonal band nuclei of the basal forebrain project primarily to the hippocamp ...
C:\Vision\15Higher level Pt 2.wpd
... This major section will build on the previous discussion and introduce new material from a variety of recent sources. Since all of the material taken together leads to a substantially different understanding of the cortical portion of the visual system, Figure 15.5.2-1 is offered as an aid to its un ...
... This major section will build on the previous discussion and introduce new material from a variety of recent sources. Since all of the material taken together leads to a substantially different understanding of the cortical portion of the visual system, Figure 15.5.2-1 is offered as an aid to its un ...
Introduction - Bowling Green State University
... subsequently the cognitive or informational aspects. Our approach is sustained by studies investigating DA modulation on global-field dynamics, as revealed by local activity of neural populations (local field potentials), since arousal function can be better explained by large-scale energetic states ...
... subsequently the cognitive or informational aspects. Our approach is sustained by studies investigating DA modulation on global-field dynamics, as revealed by local activity of neural populations (local field potentials), since arousal function can be better explained by large-scale energetic states ...
The ventral striatum - Brain imaging of Parkinson`s disease
... is now generally accepted based on a broad range of results coming from neuroimaging studies in humans and from local pharmacological disturbances studies in animals, mostly rats. In the rat, it was shown that the disturbance of the dopaminergic and opioid transmission in the nucleus accumbens induc ...
... is now generally accepted based on a broad range of results coming from neuroimaging studies in humans and from local pharmacological disturbances studies in animals, mostly rats. In the rat, it was shown that the disturbance of the dopaminergic and opioid transmission in the nucleus accumbens induc ...
4 - Radboud Repository
... experienced as stressful. To start with an everyday example, a stressful situation that I remember particularly well was my driving test. Although this is now almost ten years ago, I still vividly remember my heart beating fast, my sweaty hands clung to the driving wheel, my general feeling of stron ...
... experienced as stressful. To start with an everyday example, a stressful situation that I remember particularly well was my driving test. Although this is now almost ten years ago, I still vividly remember my heart beating fast, my sweaty hands clung to the driving wheel, my general feeling of stron ...
The Auditory System
... nerve and terminate in the cochlear nuclei. The principal auditory pathway passes from the cochlea, via the cochlear nuclei, the inferior colliculus and the medial geniculate body (MGB) to the contralateral auditory cortex on the dorsal surface of the superior temporal gyrus. Each MGB is bilaterally ...
... nerve and terminate in the cochlear nuclei. The principal auditory pathway passes from the cochlea, via the cochlear nuclei, the inferior colliculus and the medial geniculate body (MGB) to the contralateral auditory cortex on the dorsal surface of the superior temporal gyrus. Each MGB is bilaterally ...
Phonological similarity and the irrelevant speech
... auditory irrelevant stimulus. While the changing state hypothesis specifies the type of irrelevant stimulus that will disrupt serial recall, it does not imply a specific mechanism. In suggesting a possible mechanism, Jones (1993) abandons the idea of a specific phonological store in favour of what h ...
... auditory irrelevant stimulus. While the changing state hypothesis specifies the type of irrelevant stimulus that will disrupt serial recall, it does not imply a specific mechanism. In suggesting a possible mechanism, Jones (1993) abandons the idea of a specific phonological store in favour of what h ...
THALAMOAMYGDALOID CONNECTIONS STUDIED BY THE
... It is generally supposed that amygdalopetal connections of the thalamus originate mainly in the mediodorsal nucleus (10, 12). Only recently another system of thalamoamygdaloid connections has been shown which arises in neumns of the posterior thalamic region (6, 7, 15). Moreover, some investigations ...
... It is generally supposed that amygdalopetal connections of the thalamus originate mainly in the mediodorsal nucleus (10, 12). Only recently another system of thalamoamygdaloid connections has been shown which arises in neumns of the posterior thalamic region (6, 7, 15). Moreover, some investigations ...
Hippocampal CA1 atrophy and synaptic loss during
... However, WM pathology does not occur exclusively. Gray matter atrophy has been shown to occur in cortical and deep sub-cortical brain regions by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).5–8 Gray matter atrophy begins early in the disease, continues as the disease progresses,9 and correlates with motor, sens ...
... However, WM pathology does not occur exclusively. Gray matter atrophy has been shown to occur in cortical and deep sub-cortical brain regions by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).5–8 Gray matter atrophy begins early in the disease, continues as the disease progresses,9 and correlates with motor, sens ...
REPRESENTATION OF CENTRAL VISUAL FIELDS IN
... found a limited projection to part of the cortical field lying anterior to the primary visual cortex. Clark 4, using the same technique, could not trace any fibers beyond the opercular lip and concluded that long association fibers emanating from the primary visual cortex do not exist. More recently ...
... found a limited projection to part of the cortical field lying anterior to the primary visual cortex. Clark 4, using the same technique, could not trace any fibers beyond the opercular lip and concluded that long association fibers emanating from the primary visual cortex do not exist. More recently ...
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... 23. Which of the following best describes the firing of a neuron (action potential)? a) a change in axonal membrane permeability facilitating an inflow of positive ions Correct. The semipermeable membrane allows positive ions to enter the cell, thus changing its electrical polarity. b) an electrical ...
... 23. Which of the following best describes the firing of a neuron (action potential)? a) a change in axonal membrane permeability facilitating an inflow of positive ions Correct. The semipermeable membrane allows positive ions to enter the cell, thus changing its electrical polarity. b) an electrical ...
PathoLOGIC Hgh Deficiency and Somatopause
... • Increased the frequency of sexual thoughts (P=0.006), sexual interest (P=0.002), and satisfaction with both mental and physical aspects of sexuality (P=0.009 and P=0.02, ...
... • Increased the frequency of sexual thoughts (P=0.006), sexual interest (P=0.002), and satisfaction with both mental and physical aspects of sexuality (P=0.009 and P=0.02, ...
world-of-psychology-7th-edition-wood-test-bank
... 23. Which of the following best describes the firing of a neuron (action potential)? a) a change in axonal membrane permeability facilitating an inflow of positive ions Correct. The semipermeable membrane allows positive ions to enter the cell, thus changing its electrical polarity. b) an electrical ...
... 23. Which of the following best describes the firing of a neuron (action potential)? a) a change in axonal membrane permeability facilitating an inflow of positive ions Correct. The semipermeable membrane allows positive ions to enter the cell, thus changing its electrical polarity. b) an electrical ...
The role of the cerebellum in classical conditioning of
... (US). Most of the data that have been collected over the years are from studies of eyeblink conditioning; hence we focus on that response system here. To the extent tested, the cerebellum is involved in the same way for all striated muscle responses learned to deal with an aversive US (e.g. forelimb ...
... (US). Most of the data that have been collected over the years are from studies of eyeblink conditioning; hence we focus on that response system here. To the extent tested, the cerebellum is involved in the same way for all striated muscle responses learned to deal with an aversive US (e.g. forelimb ...
Neuroanatomy of memory
The neuroanatomy of memory encompasses a wide variety of anatomical structures in the brain.