Cortisol modifies extinction learning of recently acquired fear in men
... The CS was never paired with the UCS, the UCS omission 7.9 s after CS onset was defined as non-UCS. No electrical stimulation was given during the extinction phase. Between the CS, a black screen was shown lasting between 9.5 and 12 s (randomly jittered inter-trial interval). For both sessions, a ...
... The CS was never paired with the UCS, the UCS omission 7.9 s after CS onset was defined as non-UCS. No electrical stimulation was given during the extinction phase. Between the CS, a black screen was shown lasting between 9.5 and 12 s (randomly jittered inter-trial interval). For both sessions, a ...
Circadian Organization in Hemimetabolous Insects
... suggest the existence of a secondary oscillator for the locomotor rhythm in the central brain. After bilateral removal of the optic lobe, some crickets showed residual rhythms that gradually disappeared within several days (Tomioka, 1985). Optic lobeless crickets showed locomotor rhythms in light da ...
... suggest the existence of a secondary oscillator for the locomotor rhythm in the central brain. After bilateral removal of the optic lobe, some crickets showed residual rhythms that gradually disappeared within several days (Tomioka, 1985). Optic lobeless crickets showed locomotor rhythms in light da ...
A review of MRI findings in schizophrenia
... setting the stage for the development of the symptoms of schizophrenia. Or there may be additional factors, such as stress or neurotoxicity, that occur during adolescence or early adulthood and are necessary for the development of schizophrenia, and may be associated with neurodegenerative changes. ...
... setting the stage for the development of the symptoms of schizophrenia. Or there may be additional factors, such as stress or neurotoxicity, that occur during adolescence or early adulthood and are necessary for the development of schizophrenia, and may be associated with neurodegenerative changes. ...
A Systematic Nomenclature for the Insect Brain
... the optic lobe). We suggest the term cerebrum to refer to this subdivision (Fig. S1G). The cerebrum includes the protocerebrum without the optic lobes as well as the entire deutocerebrum and tritocerebrum. Unlike those of vertebrates, neurons in the insect brain have few, if any, synaptic sites on t ...
... the optic lobe). We suggest the term cerebrum to refer to this subdivision (Fig. S1G). The cerebrum includes the protocerebrum without the optic lobes as well as the entire deutocerebrum and tritocerebrum. Unlike those of vertebrates, neurons in the insect brain have few, if any, synaptic sites on t ...
The subthalamic nucleus in the context of movement disorders
... associative and limbic cortical regions innervate, respectively, motor, associative and limbic regions of the striatum, pallidum and SNr. The motor circuit comprises: (i) motor cortical areas (primary motor cortex, supplementary motor cortex, pre-motor cortex, and portions of the somatosensory dorsa ...
... associative and limbic cortical regions innervate, respectively, motor, associative and limbic regions of the striatum, pallidum and SNr. The motor circuit comprises: (i) motor cortical areas (primary motor cortex, supplementary motor cortex, pre-motor cortex, and portions of the somatosensory dorsa ...
Everitt et al. (2000) in The Amygdala - Rudolf Cardinal
... because our data together indicate that each of these structures is necessary, but not sufficient, for autoshaping to develop. Since there is no obvious direct connection between the CeN and this cingulate cortex-NAcc core circuit, the answer may involve regulation of the dopaminergic innervation of ...
... because our data together indicate that each of these structures is necessary, but not sufficient, for autoshaping to develop. Since there is no obvious direct connection between the CeN and this cingulate cortex-NAcc core circuit, the answer may involve regulation of the dopaminergic innervation of ...
1
... all cognitive, affective and sensorimotor deficits. The implication of cerebellum in all these dysfunctions may arise from its role as a modulator of the flow of information between fronto-strital circuits. Finally, our findings are also the first to show caudate head and body differential abnormali ...
... all cognitive, affective and sensorimotor deficits. The implication of cerebellum in all these dysfunctions may arise from its role as a modulator of the flow of information between fronto-strital circuits. Finally, our findings are also the first to show caudate head and body differential abnormali ...
- TestbankU
... Textbook LO 2.2: How do researchers use imaging techniques to study the nervous system?, APA LO 3.2e Topic: Imaging Techniques 16. Conan brought his mother to the hospital when he noticed she couldn’t move one side of her body and had great difficulty speaking. The physician informed Conan that his ...
... Textbook LO 2.2: How do researchers use imaging techniques to study the nervous system?, APA LO 3.2e Topic: Imaging Techniques 16. Conan brought his mother to the hospital when he noticed she couldn’t move one side of her body and had great difficulty speaking. The physician informed Conan that his ...
Insula function in anorexia nervosa
... SPECT studies use radioligands to study the perfusion through tissues of interest. These studies showed reduced perfusions in the left parietal cortex before treatment and increased perfusion in the temporal cortex after treatment2, 4. Several other SPECT studies commonly found a decreased perfusion ...
... SPECT studies use radioligands to study the perfusion through tissues of interest. These studies showed reduced perfusions in the left parietal cortex before treatment and increased perfusion in the temporal cortex after treatment2, 4. Several other SPECT studies commonly found a decreased perfusion ...
Csercsa Richárd
... There are several theories of what could cause the change in arousal as well as in cortical excitability during sleep. There are two classical conceptions: the passive and the active hypothesis. According to the passive hypothesis, the default arousal state is sleep, and it is a result of a decrease ...
... There are several theories of what could cause the change in arousal as well as in cortical excitability during sleep. There are two classical conceptions: the passive and the active hypothesis. According to the passive hypothesis, the default arousal state is sleep, and it is a result of a decrease ...
Subicular and CA1 hippocampal projections to the accessory
... main and accessory olfactory bulbs and anterior olfactory nucleus yielded retrograde-labeled cells in the ventral CA1 (de Olmos et al., 1978), although authors were unsure of this projection due to the large sizes of their injections. The reason could be methodological and/or due to species differen ...
... main and accessory olfactory bulbs and anterior olfactory nucleus yielded retrograde-labeled cells in the ventral CA1 (de Olmos et al., 1978), although authors were unsure of this projection due to the large sizes of their injections. The reason could be methodological and/or due to species differen ...
Limbic systems for emotion and for memory, but no
... of visual cortical areas from the primary visual cortex V1 to the inferior temporal visual cortex (Rolls, 2008c, 2012a). The fundamental advantage of this separation of ‘what’ processing in Tier 1 from reward value processing in Tier 2 is that any learning in Tier 2 of the value of an object or face ...
... of visual cortical areas from the primary visual cortex V1 to the inferior temporal visual cortex (Rolls, 2008c, 2012a). The fundamental advantage of this separation of ‘what’ processing in Tier 1 from reward value processing in Tier 2 is that any learning in Tier 2 of the value of an object or face ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... quality. Object names range in length from 1 to 4 syllables and in noun frequency from 1 to 2110 tokens per million (Francis and Kucera, 1982). The Philadelphia Naming Test was administered and scored according to standard procedures (http://mrri.org/philadelphia-namingtest). On each trial, the firs ...
... quality. Object names range in length from 1 to 4 syllables and in noun frequency from 1 to 2110 tokens per million (Francis and Kucera, 1982). The Philadelphia Naming Test was administered and scored according to standard procedures (http://mrri.org/philadelphia-namingtest). On each trial, the firs ...
Neural mechanisms of stimulus generalization in auditory fear
... systems, we further hypothesized that the tonotopic, but not the nontonotopic, pathway supports discriminative fear to auditory cues. In the lemniscal pathway, sharply tuned neurons in primary auditory cortex receive their main input from the ventral division of the medial geniculate nucleus (MGv), ...
... systems, we further hypothesized that the tonotopic, but not the nontonotopic, pathway supports discriminative fear to auditory cues. In the lemniscal pathway, sharply tuned neurons in primary auditory cortex receive their main input from the ventral division of the medial geniculate nucleus (MGv), ...
Control of echolocation pulses by neurons of the nucleus ambiguus
... to the caudal R L N area. In all experiments the injections hit the ventral m o t o r nucleus of the vagus, and were restricted only to this nucleus, as was seen f r o m the D A B reacted sections. But, estimating the H R P deposit spots from sections treated with the more sensitive T M B method, it ...
... to the caudal R L N area. In all experiments the injections hit the ventral m o t o r nucleus of the vagus, and were restricted only to this nucleus, as was seen f r o m the D A B reacted sections. But, estimating the H R P deposit spots from sections treated with the more sensitive T M B method, it ...
ANS: c, p. 46, F, LO=2.1, (1) - test bank and solution manual for your
... 2. The nervous system is defined as____________________. a) a complex network of cells that carries information to and from all parts of the body Correct. The nervous system is a complex network of cells that carry information to and from all parts of the body. b) a specialized cell that makes up th ...
... 2. The nervous system is defined as____________________. a) a complex network of cells that carries information to and from all parts of the body Correct. The nervous system is a complex network of cells that carry information to and from all parts of the body. b) a specialized cell that makes up th ...
- CUNY Academic Works - The City University of New York
... In this dissertation, I trace the complex black literary trope of errant memory through American and African American literature. Authors of African descent are constantly subjected to what I call Africanity, or the paratextual historicizing elements provided by white interlocutors that seek to impo ...
... In this dissertation, I trace the complex black literary trope of errant memory through American and African American literature. Authors of African descent are constantly subjected to what I call Africanity, or the paratextual historicizing elements provided by white interlocutors that seek to impo ...
CHAPTER TWO - Test Bank 1
... 2. The nervous system is defined as____________________. a) a complex network of cells that carries information to and from all parts of the body Correct. The nervous system is a complex network of cells that carry information to and from all parts of the body. b) a specialized cell that makes up th ...
... 2. The nervous system is defined as____________________. a) a complex network of cells that carries information to and from all parts of the body Correct. The nervous system is a complex network of cells that carry information to and from all parts of the body. b) a specialized cell that makes up th ...
DOPAMINERGIC AUGMENTATION of HUMAN FEAR EXTINCTION
... Fear is an emotion that is good for us. In terms of the emotional experience of fear, this statement does not seem to be true. Everybody experienced emotional states of fear during their lifetime and no one has enjoyed this situation. Nevertheless, fear is an essential part of our emotional sensatio ...
... Fear is an emotion that is good for us. In terms of the emotional experience of fear, this statement does not seem to be true. Everybody experienced emotional states of fear during their lifetime and no one has enjoyed this situation. Nevertheless, fear is an essential part of our emotional sensatio ...
ANS: c, p. 46, F, LO=2.1, (1)
... 2. The nervous system is defined as________. a) a complex network of cells that carries information to and from all parts of the body Correct. The nervous system is a complex network of cells that carry information to and from all parts of the body. b) a specialized cell that makes up the brain and ...
... 2. The nervous system is defined as________. a) a complex network of cells that carries information to and from all parts of the body Correct. The nervous system is a complex network of cells that carry information to and from all parts of the body. b) a specialized cell that makes up the brain and ...
Gamma Oscillations in the Hippocampus
... oscillations provided the precise temporal synchrony necessary for binding distributed cells involved in coding various aspects of a particular stimulus. Gamma synchronized firing was recorded across neurons in separate columns of primary visual cortex when cells responded to different aspects of th ...
... oscillations provided the precise temporal synchrony necessary for binding distributed cells involved in coding various aspects of a particular stimulus. Gamma synchronized firing was recorded across neurons in separate columns of primary visual cortex when cells responded to different aspects of th ...
Projection patterns from the amygdaloid nuclear complex to
... 4B), the lateral habenular nucleus (Fig. 4C), and the lateral septal nucleus (Fig. 4D). The positive immunostaining at these afferent sites was distinct from the surrounding regions which exhibited none of the neuronal labeling (Figs. 4B–D). An example of retrogradely-labeled neurons within the amyg ...
... 4B), the lateral habenular nucleus (Fig. 4C), and the lateral septal nucleus (Fig. 4D). The positive immunostaining at these afferent sites was distinct from the surrounding regions which exhibited none of the neuronal labeling (Figs. 4B–D). An example of retrogradely-labeled neurons within the amyg ...
Validation of hippocampal volumes measured using a
... implement hundreds of recent algorithms, such as linear and nonlinear spatial normalization, surface base registration, intensity nonuniformity correction, segmentation, and skull stripping, although the users of FreeSurfer and IBASPM can perform automated hippocampal volumetry without knowing all o ...
... implement hundreds of recent algorithms, such as linear and nonlinear spatial normalization, surface base registration, intensity nonuniformity correction, segmentation, and skull stripping, although the users of FreeSurfer and IBASPM can perform automated hippocampal volumetry without knowing all o ...
View: Chapter Text (PDF with new
... Dorsally at the midline, fasciculus gracilis axons terminate in the nucleus gracilis. Further laterally, fasciculus cuneatus axons terminate in the medial cuneate nucleus (nucleus cuneatus medialis) (Fig. 18–8). The fasciculi are composed of cranial branches of primary afferent axons associated wit ...
... Dorsally at the midline, fasciculus gracilis axons terminate in the nucleus gracilis. Further laterally, fasciculus cuneatus axons terminate in the medial cuneate nucleus (nucleus cuneatus medialis) (Fig. 18–8). The fasciculi are composed of cranial branches of primary afferent axons associated wit ...
the human entorhinal cortex
... beginning of this revolution was due partly to patient called HM, who underwent surgery for epilepsy during which the medial portions of the temporal lobes were removed bilaterally (Scoville and Milner 1957). After this operation, HM was unable to store and retrieve new information about events. The ...
... beginning of this revolution was due partly to patient called HM, who underwent surgery for epilepsy during which the medial portions of the temporal lobes were removed bilaterally (Scoville and Milner 1957). After this operation, HM was unable to store and retrieve new information about events. The ...
Neuroanatomy of memory
The neuroanatomy of memory encompasses a wide variety of anatomical structures in the brain.