Auditory Hallucinations as a Separate Entitity
... The forebrain plays an important role in many aspects of sound localization behavior1. The Auditory Archistraitum (AAr) and the area surrounding it are also essential for auditory spatial memory and for mediating changes in gaze to and guiding movements toward, remembered auditory stimuli. Consisten ...
... The forebrain plays an important role in many aspects of sound localization behavior1. The Auditory Archistraitum (AAr) and the area surrounding it are also essential for auditory spatial memory and for mediating changes in gaze to and guiding movements toward, remembered auditory stimuli. Consisten ...
Basal Ganglia and Cerebellar Inputs to `AIP`
... the extensive interconnections between AIP and PMv, we sought to examine whether these two cortical areas received inputs from common sources. PMv is the target of output from both the dentate and the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) (Hoover and Strick, 1993; Dum and Strick, 2002). Whil ...
... the extensive interconnections between AIP and PMv, we sought to examine whether these two cortical areas received inputs from common sources. PMv is the target of output from both the dentate and the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) (Hoover and Strick, 1993; Dum and Strick, 2002). Whil ...
Higher-Order Functions
... essential to memory consolidation. Damage to the hippocampus leads to an inability to convert short-term memories to long-term memories. The nucleus basalis, a cerebral nucleus near the diencephalon, plays an uncertain role in memory storage and retrieval. Damage to this nucleus is associated with ...
... essential to memory consolidation. Damage to the hippocampus leads to an inability to convert short-term memories to long-term memories. The nucleus basalis, a cerebral nucleus near the diencephalon, plays an uncertain role in memory storage and retrieval. Damage to this nucleus is associated with ...
An Optogenetic Approach to Understanding the Neural Circuits of Fear
... Over the past 30 years, studies using lesion, electrophysiological, pharmacological, and biochemical/molecular techniques have revealed a great deal about the neural mechanisms of fear learning (1–7,11–13). Despite this progress, much remains to be understood about the fundamental principles by whic ...
... Over the past 30 years, studies using lesion, electrophysiological, pharmacological, and biochemical/molecular techniques have revealed a great deal about the neural mechanisms of fear learning (1–7,11–13). Despite this progress, much remains to be understood about the fundamental principles by whic ...
Pathways for emotions and memory
... basolateral nucleus; BM, basomedial nucleus (also known as accessory basal); CA1–CA4, cornu Ammonis hippocampal fields of Lorente de Nó (Lorente de Nó, 1934); CB, calbindin; Cdc, central densocellular nucleus; Ce, central nucleus; Clc, central latocellular nucleus; Csl, central superior lateral nu ...
... basolateral nucleus; BM, basomedial nucleus (also known as accessory basal); CA1–CA4, cornu Ammonis hippocampal fields of Lorente de Nó (Lorente de Nó, 1934); CB, calbindin; Cdc, central densocellular nucleus; Ce, central nucleus; Clc, central latocellular nucleus; Csl, central superior lateral nu ...
The Ventral Striatopallidum and Extended Amygdala in
... nucleus meet rostrally ventral to the anterior part of the internal capsule. It is impossible to define the boundaries between these three structures and therefore the nucleus accumbens and adjacent ventral parts of the caudate nucleus and putamen form together the main components of primate ventral ...
... nucleus meet rostrally ventral to the anterior part of the internal capsule. It is impossible to define the boundaries between these three structures and therefore the nucleus accumbens and adjacent ventral parts of the caudate nucleus and putamen form together the main components of primate ventral ...
Imaging the premotor areas Nathalie Picard* and Peter L Strick
... anterior to the VCA line (Table 1). This location corresponds to the RCZa, which may correspond to the CMAr of monkeys [2]. In contrast, when some of the same investigators used a similar paradigm that did not specifically dissociate conflict monitoring from response selection, they found response-r ...
... anterior to the VCA line (Table 1). This location corresponds to the RCZa, which may correspond to the CMAr of monkeys [2]. In contrast, when some of the same investigators used a similar paradigm that did not specifically dissociate conflict monitoring from response selection, they found response-r ...
THE CINGULATE CORTEX AND HUMAN MEMORY PROCESSES
... Published works about the functional role of the retrosplenial cingulate cortex are even less common than those of the posterior cingulate cortex. It is known that damage to this brain region causes serious anterograde amnesia (Kim et al., 2007; Oka et al., 2003). Other studies show that the retrosp ...
... Published works about the functional role of the retrosplenial cingulate cortex are even less common than those of the posterior cingulate cortex. It is known that damage to this brain region causes serious anterograde amnesia (Kim et al., 2007; Oka et al., 2003). Other studies show that the retrosp ...
Category-specific Conceptual Processing of
... words (Preissl et al., 1995; Martin et al., 1996; Pulvermüller et al., 1999). Among the action words, those related to movements of the face, arm or leg activated fronto-central cortex in a somatotopic fashion (Hauk et al., 2004; Shtyrov et al., 2004), consistent with the claim that sensorimotor co ...
... words (Preissl et al., 1995; Martin et al., 1996; Pulvermüller et al., 1999). Among the action words, those related to movements of the face, arm or leg activated fronto-central cortex in a somatotopic fashion (Hauk et al., 2004; Shtyrov et al., 2004), consistent with the claim that sensorimotor co ...
PDF - Center for Neural Science
... behaviors. That a cortical area exhibits a new type of behavior does not necessarily mean that the circuit must possess unique biological machineries completely different from those of other areas. Hence, persistent activity may be generated in the PFC when the strength of recurrent excitation (medi ...
... behaviors. That a cortical area exhibits a new type of behavior does not necessarily mean that the circuit must possess unique biological machineries completely different from those of other areas. Hence, persistent activity may be generated in the PFC when the strength of recurrent excitation (medi ...
PDF
... P2X2 expression, or with laser illumination alone (not shown), induced only minimal changes in preference (Figure 5A, columns f–h). These changes are in all likelihood due to a small intrinsically aversive effect of intense ultraviolet irradiation. Sources of Dopaminergic Reinforcement Signals The d ...
... P2X2 expression, or with laser illumination alone (not shown), induced only minimal changes in preference (Figure 5A, columns f–h). These changes are in all likelihood due to a small intrinsically aversive effect of intense ultraviolet irradiation. Sources of Dopaminergic Reinforcement Signals The d ...
Basal Ganglia objectives - NBio401
... -Be able to describe the effect of the substantia pars compacta on the direct and indirect pathways. -Be able to explain how, in addition to the pathways affecting limb movements, there are other loops between the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex that perform analogous functions for oculomotor, exe ...
... -Be able to describe the effect of the substantia pars compacta on the direct and indirect pathways. -Be able to explain how, in addition to the pathways affecting limb movements, there are other loops between the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex that perform analogous functions for oculomotor, exe ...
Distributed Modular Architectures Linking Basal Ganglia
... Bear et al., 1990; Schlagger et aI., 1993) or in establishing automatic responses such as conditioned reflexes (Houk and Barto, 1992). For example, if a neuron already receives a strong, previously established connection (analogous to an unconditioned stimulus) capable of forcing the cell to respond ...
... Bear et al., 1990; Schlagger et aI., 1993) or in establishing automatic responses such as conditioned reflexes (Houk and Barto, 1992). For example, if a neuron already receives a strong, previously established connection (analogous to an unconditioned stimulus) capable of forcing the cell to respond ...
The Neuroanatomical Basis of Understanding Sarcasm and Its
... the same imaging data for each subject, which were performed in different sessions. Lesions were localized and transferred to templates following the method of H. Damasio and Damasio (1989). The lesions were also transcribed to computerized templates available on MRIcro (Rorden, 2004), a software pr ...
... the same imaging data for each subject, which were performed in different sessions. Lesions were localized and transferred to templates following the method of H. Damasio and Damasio (1989). The lesions were also transcribed to computerized templates available on MRIcro (Rorden, 2004), a software pr ...
Does the sound of a barking dog activate its corresponding visual
... in such studies has been upon identifying regions that are commonly activated across modalities in hope of identifying putative transmodal ‘hub’ regions (Binder, Desai, Graves, & Conant, 2009). Less attention has been paid to the contribution of spoke regions. Indeed, there exists no clear operation ...
... in such studies has been upon identifying regions that are commonly activated across modalities in hope of identifying putative transmodal ‘hub’ regions (Binder, Desai, Graves, & Conant, 2009). Less attention has been paid to the contribution of spoke regions. Indeed, there exists no clear operation ...
Hoopfer et al., Supplemental Data Supplemental Figure S1
... Methods: Quantification was performed on confocal z-stacks of an equivalent number of optical slices that included the entire commissural axon bundle. For conditions compared directly in each graph images were taken using the same gain and background offset. However, due to the strong difference in ...
... Methods: Quantification was performed on confocal z-stacks of an equivalent number of optical slices that included the entire commissural axon bundle. For conditions compared directly in each graph images were taken using the same gain and background offset. However, due to the strong difference in ...
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
... the sampled neurons responded strongly to both the set A and set B patterns during the cue period of the task. The responses of one cell are shown in Fig. 3 B and C. This cell was activated selectively by a few stimuli of set B (Fig. 3D) and very weakly by the stimuli of set A (Fig. 3E). The lesion ...
... the sampled neurons responded strongly to both the set A and set B patterns during the cue period of the task. The responses of one cell are shown in Fig. 3 B and C. This cell was activated selectively by a few stimuli of set B (Fig. 3D) and very weakly by the stimuli of set A (Fig. 3E). The lesion ...
Chapter Two: The Musical Brain
... A neuron typically has many dendrites and one axon. The dendrites branch and terminate in the vicinity of the cell body. In contrast, axons can extend to distant targets, more than a meter away in some instances. Dendrites are rarely more than about a millimeter long and often much shorter. Neurons ...
... A neuron typically has many dendrites and one axon. The dendrites branch and terminate in the vicinity of the cell body. In contrast, axons can extend to distant targets, more than a meter away in some instances. Dendrites are rarely more than about a millimeter long and often much shorter. Neurons ...
State-Dependent TMS Reveals a Hierarchical
... the causal relation of neural activity in the targeted areas to behavior. The TMSA paradigm is based on the well-established idea that the effects of TMS are state dependent. Specifically, TMS behaviorally facilitates the attributes encoded by adapted neural populations, compared with nonadapted, wit ...
... the causal relation of neural activity in the targeted areas to behavior. The TMSA paradigm is based on the well-established idea that the effects of TMS are state dependent. Specifically, TMS behaviorally facilitates the attributes encoded by adapted neural populations, compared with nonadapted, wit ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... time, whereas in left inferior frontal cortex larger decreases were observed when repetitions were spaced out over time. This differential modulation of activity in distinct brain regions provides support for the idea that long-lasting object priming is mediated by two neural mechanisms. The first m ...
... time, whereas in left inferior frontal cortex larger decreases were observed when repetitions were spaced out over time. This differential modulation of activity in distinct brain regions provides support for the idea that long-lasting object priming is mediated by two neural mechanisms. The first m ...
Neuroanatomy
... coordination of Laryngeal muscle , tongue muscle and palatal muscle . The speech feature of the patient will be prolong , discontinuous and finally explosive all these symptoms are due to ATAXIA . *the patient head is often rotated and flexed , and the shoulder on the side of the lesion is lower tha ...
... coordination of Laryngeal muscle , tongue muscle and palatal muscle . The speech feature of the patient will be prolong , discontinuous and finally explosive all these symptoms are due to ATAXIA . *the patient head is often rotated and flexed , and the shoulder on the side of the lesion is lower tha ...
Anomalous Prefrontal-Subcortical Activation in
... increased myo-inositol levels in the ACC.10 In light of these findings, it is likely that these prefrontal areas are involved in BD. A hypothesis implicating dysfunction of the DLPFC and ACC in BD appears appropriate because both regions are involved in normal mood regulation, as supported by studie ...
... increased myo-inositol levels in the ACC.10 In light of these findings, it is likely that these prefrontal areas are involved in BD. A hypothesis implicating dysfunction of the DLPFC and ACC in BD appears appropriate because both regions are involved in normal mood regulation, as supported by studie ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... indicate when in time they expected the square to change by pressing the spacebar. In 25% of the trials, the participants were advised as to whether they were “too early,” “too late,” or “correct.” In all trials, the participants were instructed not to count or subdivide the duration in any fashion. ...
... indicate when in time they expected the square to change by pressing the spacebar. In 25% of the trials, the participants were advised as to whether they were “too early,” “too late,” or “correct.” In all trials, the participants were instructed not to count or subdivide the duration in any fashion. ...
Engagement of brain areas implicated in processing inner speech in
... Self-monitoring is fundamental to normal cognitive function, in planning, controlling and anticipating the consequences of complex motor acts. A feed-forward model has been proposed to explain this mechanism (Wolpert et al, al, 1995); in this model the motor outflow of a motor act (plan) generates a ...
... Self-monitoring is fundamental to normal cognitive function, in planning, controlling and anticipating the consequences of complex motor acts. A feed-forward model has been proposed to explain this mechanism (Wolpert et al, al, 1995); in this model the motor outflow of a motor act (plan) generates a ...
Neuroanatomy of memory
The neuroanatomy of memory encompasses a wide variety of anatomical structures in the brain.