A Dynamic Field Theory of Visual Recognition in Infant Looking... Gregor Schöner Sammy Perone () and John P. Spencer ()
... receives transient, excitatory input via an attention-getting stimulus, turning the node from a look away state (i.e., below threshold or “off” state) to a fixation state (i.e., in a selfstabilized “on” state). When the node is in the fixation state, the node passes global excitation to the perceptu ...
... receives transient, excitatory input via an attention-getting stimulus, turning the node from a look away state (i.e., below threshold or “off” state) to a fixation state (i.e., in a selfstabilized “on” state). When the node is in the fixation state, the node passes global excitation to the perceptu ...
Engagement of brain areas implicated in processing inner speech in
... Self-monitoring is fundamental to normal cognitive function, in planning, controlling and anticipating the consequences of complex motor acts. A feed-forward model has been proposed to explain this mechanism (Wolpert et al, al, 1995); in this model the motor outflow of a motor act (plan) generates a ...
... Self-monitoring is fundamental to normal cognitive function, in planning, controlling and anticipating the consequences of complex motor acts. A feed-forward model has been proposed to explain this mechanism (Wolpert et al, al, 1995); in this model the motor outflow of a motor act (plan) generates a ...
Brainstem: Midbrain - nikolai.lazarov.pro
... controls the muscles of the shoulder&upper arm in humans – vestigial (dominated by corticospinal tract): large muscle movement such as that for arms and legs arm-swinging in normal walking crawling of babies Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov ...
... controls the muscles of the shoulder&upper arm in humans – vestigial (dominated by corticospinal tract): large muscle movement such as that for arms and legs arm-swinging in normal walking crawling of babies Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov ...
Perceptual Expectation Evokes Category
... this version to maximize the amount of blood oxygen level--dependent (BOLD) fMRI data collected during states of deliberate expectation. Thus, in this experiment, we have no behavioral index of the effect of expectation. To optimize the design for fMRI, the rate of coherence (again to a maximum of 7 ...
... this version to maximize the amount of blood oxygen level--dependent (BOLD) fMRI data collected during states of deliberate expectation. Thus, in this experiment, we have no behavioral index of the effect of expectation. To optimize the design for fMRI, the rate of coherence (again to a maximum of 7 ...
Basal Ganglia: Mechanisms for Action Selection
... The basal ganglia appear to fulfill the criteria for such a central mechanism (Redgrave et al. 1999). The main input nucleus, the striatum, receives input from every region of cortex, from primary visual, auditory, and somatosensory cortex, through motor cortices, to the subregions of prefrontal cor ...
... The basal ganglia appear to fulfill the criteria for such a central mechanism (Redgrave et al. 1999). The main input nucleus, the striatum, receives input from every region of cortex, from primary visual, auditory, and somatosensory cortex, through motor cortices, to the subregions of prefrontal cor ...
Differential roles of delay-period neural activity in the monkey
... preparatory-set cell; its discharge tends to increase as the time for an expected behavioral response of a WM task approaches. These two types of cells may participate in two complementary processes: Sensory-coupled cells hold information of stimuli, and preparatory-set cells prepare for action in r ...
... preparatory-set cell; its discharge tends to increase as the time for an expected behavioral response of a WM task approaches. These two types of cells may participate in two complementary processes: Sensory-coupled cells hold information of stimuli, and preparatory-set cells prepare for action in r ...
Overgeneralized autobiographical memory and future
... may extend to other autobiographical temporal time points, namely the construal and imagination of future episodes. Converging research from clinical, neuroscientific, and basic behavioral studies demonstrate that the underlying structures and processes involved in generating autobiographical memorie ...
... may extend to other autobiographical temporal time points, namely the construal and imagination of future episodes. Converging research from clinical, neuroscientific, and basic behavioral studies demonstrate that the underlying structures and processes involved in generating autobiographical memorie ...
cerebral cortex - CM
... The Cerebrum-Limbic System • Limbic system (continued): • ___________and associated structures form a ring on medial side of cerebral hemisphere; contain two main gyri: cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus • ___________– in temporal lobe; connected to a prominent C-shaped ring of white matter ...
... The Cerebrum-Limbic System • Limbic system (continued): • ___________and associated structures form a ring on medial side of cerebral hemisphere; contain two main gyri: cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus • ___________– in temporal lobe; connected to a prominent C-shaped ring of white matter ...
Gaze effects in the cerebral cortex: reference frames for
... fields), orbital eye position, and limb movement direction. We will review these findings and suggest that neuronal discharges in PMd might allow for at least two distinct sensory-to-motor transformations: one combines retinal and eye position signals for target localization as has been proposed, e. ...
... fields), orbital eye position, and limb movement direction. We will review these findings and suggest that neuronal discharges in PMd might allow for at least two distinct sensory-to-motor transformations: one combines retinal and eye position signals for target localization as has been proposed, e. ...
The primate basal ganglia: parallel and integrative networks
... Kermadi and Joseph, 1995; Hikosaka et al., 1996; Boecker et al., 1998). Thus, the premotor and motor areas (and the frontal eye fields) mediate different aspects of motor behavior, including planning, learning, and execution, which are in turn reflected both anatomically and physiologically in the c ...
... Kermadi and Joseph, 1995; Hikosaka et al., 1996; Boecker et al., 1998). Thus, the premotor and motor areas (and the frontal eye fields) mediate different aspects of motor behavior, including planning, learning, and execution, which are in turn reflected both anatomically and physiologically in the c ...
Topography of Modular Subunits in the Mushroom Bodies of the
... each slab, thus interacting with the axons of only less than half of Kenyon cells that constitute each slab (Fig. 6B). Different extrinsic neurons with segmented dendrites appear to interact with different sets of dark or light slabs: dendrites of some neurons cover up to 13–14 slabs, whereas those ...
... each slab, thus interacting with the axons of only less than half of Kenyon cells that constitute each slab (Fig. 6B). Different extrinsic neurons with segmented dendrites appear to interact with different sets of dark or light slabs: dendrites of some neurons cover up to 13–14 slabs, whereas those ...
Wernicke`s Aphasia
... of the dominant (typically left) inferior frontal gyrus. The pars orbitalis (POR), PT and POP comprise the inferior frontal gyrus. The POR is separated from the PT by the anterior horizontal ramus (AHR) of the lateral sulcus. The anterior ascending ramus (AAR) of the lateral sulcus separates PT from ...
... of the dominant (typically left) inferior frontal gyrus. The pars orbitalis (POR), PT and POP comprise the inferior frontal gyrus. The POR is separated from the PT by the anterior horizontal ramus (AHR) of the lateral sulcus. The anterior ascending ramus (AAR) of the lateral sulcus separates PT from ...
14 MOTOR NUCLEUS OF CRANIAL NERVE VII (MOTOR VII)
... I touched on some of the connections and functions of the cerebellum when discussing the accessory cuneate nucleus (POINT #5) and the inferior olivary complex (POINT # 6). There will also be several lectures on the cerebellum. Right now, you need to know that CORTICOPONTINE fibers convey information ...
... I touched on some of the connections and functions of the cerebellum when discussing the accessory cuneate nucleus (POINT #5) and the inferior olivary complex (POINT # 6). There will also be several lectures on the cerebellum. Right now, you need to know that CORTICOPONTINE fibers convey information ...
Enhanced cholinergic suppression of previously strengthened synapses enables the formation of
... analysis of odor storage in piriform cortex through formation of associations between different components of an odor in anterior piriform cortex, and self-organization of additional odor responses in the posterior piriform cortex. The model draws on extensive previous anatomic and physiological rese ...
... analysis of odor storage in piriform cortex through formation of associations between different components of an odor in anterior piriform cortex, and self-organization of additional odor responses in the posterior piriform cortex. The model draws on extensive previous anatomic and physiological rese ...
Amygdala-Prefrontal Synchronization Underlies Resistance to
... tional statistical tests to assess bin significance (Pearson statistics) and revealed the same dynamics (Figure S5A, p < 0.001 in two-way ANOVA). Notice that analyses are performed only on reinforced trials; hence, the number of preceding reinforced trials is identical for each data point in the com ...
... tional statistical tests to assess bin significance (Pearson statistics) and revealed the same dynamics (Figure S5A, p < 0.001 in two-way ANOVA). Notice that analyses are performed only on reinforced trials; hence, the number of preceding reinforced trials is identical for each data point in the com ...
TINS04
... One notable aspect of dyslexia that puzzles theorists and causes much confusion is the variety of symptoms that are consistently associated with it: problems with reading, of course, but also problems with phonology (the mental representation and processing of speech sounds), sensory difficulties in ...
... One notable aspect of dyslexia that puzzles theorists and causes much confusion is the variety of symptoms that are consistently associated with it: problems with reading, of course, but also problems with phonology (the mental representation and processing of speech sounds), sensory difficulties in ...
Nota Bene-- C:\BRNBK\DRAFTS\MEETBRN.TXT Job 1
... (as in Figure 2-2). These lobes form the cerebrum, the outer layers of the brain. The "longitudinal fissure" divides the brain port and starboard, and the central sulcus divides the cerebrum fore and aft. The occipital lobe is at the back of the brain, and the frontal lobe, logically enough, at the ...
... (as in Figure 2-2). These lobes form the cerebrum, the outer layers of the brain. The "longitudinal fissure" divides the brain port and starboard, and the central sulcus divides the cerebrum fore and aft. The occipital lobe is at the back of the brain, and the frontal lobe, logically enough, at the ...
Neural Basis of Psychological Growth following Adverse
... correlates of PTG. We expected that accurate quantitative network prediction of PTG would be informed by functional alterations within a highly distributed network of regions that includes the prefrontal cortices, amygdala, and hippocampus. However, it may be difficult to measure a person’s psycholo ...
... correlates of PTG. We expected that accurate quantitative network prediction of PTG would be informed by functional alterations within a highly distributed network of regions that includes the prefrontal cortices, amygdala, and hippocampus. However, it may be difficult to measure a person’s psycholo ...
What creates a valuable cue? The underestimated importance of a
... brain and this trace is then considered to be what we call a memory. Since various cortical areas are activated during the perception and experience of an event, same goes for the retrieval of this memory (Rugg et al., 2008). This means that when we encode an event with phonological and visual metho ...
... brain and this trace is then considered to be what we call a memory. Since various cortical areas are activated during the perception and experience of an event, same goes for the retrieval of this memory (Rugg et al., 2008). This means that when we encode an event with phonological and visual metho ...
Cortical and basal ganglia contributions to habit learning and
... The basal ganglia are a large collection of subcortical nuclei. The interconnections among the most important basal ganglia structures are shown in Figure I. The striatum is a major input structure within the basal ganglia that includes two parallel structures known as the caudate nucleus and the pu ...
... The basal ganglia are a large collection of subcortical nuclei. The interconnections among the most important basal ganglia structures are shown in Figure I. The striatum is a major input structure within the basal ganglia that includes two parallel structures known as the caudate nucleus and the pu ...
the manuscript as pdf
... In addition, recent efforts to extend DBS to ‘closed-loop’ systems in which particular events or signals trigger a ‘contingent’ or ‘demand’ pacemaking have begun in small clinical studies of refractory epilepsy (Osorio et al., 2001). Such closed-loop methods will extend the flexibility and range of ...
... In addition, recent efforts to extend DBS to ‘closed-loop’ systems in which particular events or signals trigger a ‘contingent’ or ‘demand’ pacemaking have begun in small clinical studies of refractory epilepsy (Osorio et al., 2001). Such closed-loop methods will extend the flexibility and range of ...
Mushroom body efferent neurons responsible for aversive olfactory
... Aversive olfactory memory is formed in the mushroom bodies in Drosophila melanogaster. Memory retrieval requires mushroom body output, but the manner in which a memory trace in the mushroom body drives conditioned avoidance of a learned odor remains unknown. To identify neurons that are involved in ...
... Aversive olfactory memory is formed in the mushroom bodies in Drosophila melanogaster. Memory retrieval requires mushroom body output, but the manner in which a memory trace in the mushroom body drives conditioned avoidance of a learned odor remains unknown. To identify neurons that are involved in ...
Drives and emotions: the hypothalamus and limbic system
... Figure 23-2 Overview of the pivotal role of the hypothalamus in drive-related activities. The hypothalamus can affect autonomic motor neurons both directly and through visceral motor programs in the brainstem and spinal cord, and it can influence visceral structures through its control over the pit ...
... Figure 23-2 Overview of the pivotal role of the hypothalamus in drive-related activities. The hypothalamus can affect autonomic motor neurons both directly and through visceral motor programs in the brainstem and spinal cord, and it can influence visceral structures through its control over the pit ...
Section 1: Anatomy of the sensorimotor system
... 1996). However, many of these criteria are difficult to test in the human brain, and many areas that are conventionally known as motor areas do not possess all these features. Therefore discussion here will include cortical areas that are conventionally described as motor areas, and that have been p ...
... 1996). However, many of these criteria are difficult to test in the human brain, and many areas that are conventionally known as motor areas do not possess all these features. Therefore discussion here will include cortical areas that are conventionally described as motor areas, and that have been p ...
Neuroanatomy of memory
The neuroanatomy of memory encompasses a wide variety of anatomical structures in the brain.