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Replication/ Transcription/Translation Review
Replication/ Transcription/Translation Review

... code is used to make a protein. 3. Explain the difference between replication & transcription. Replication is making a DNA copy of the DNA. Both sides of the DNA are replicated using DNA nucleotides. Transcription is making an mRNA copy of a DNA sequence. One side of the DNA is used to make RNA usin ...
AP BIO Unit 6 Review Ch. 14,15,16,18,19 Westbrook Gene
AP BIO Unit 6 Review Ch. 14,15,16,18,19 Westbrook Gene

... What must happen for transcription to be initiated? (many steps) Eukaryotes have regulatory proteins which have two distinct binding domains that allows for “control from a distance.” What are those binding domains called? What is the sequence of three tRNA nucleotides that is complementary to and b ...
Ch 5
Ch 5

... mRNA has codons – a sequence of 3 nucleotides that codes for an amino acid. tRNA has anticodons that are complementary to mRNA’s codons. AUG is the universal ‘start’ codon that tells the ribosome to start translating. There are three ‘stop’codons – UAA, UAG and UGA – that tell the ribosome to stop t ...
Genes and How they work!
Genes and How they work!

... • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) – made of several RNA molecules and over 50 proteins • Messenger RNA (mRNA) • Transfer RNA (tRNA) ...
Study Guide Ch
Study Guide Ch

... 26. ________________________________________________ is the process of genes producing their product and the product carrying out their functions. 27. Explain the process of transcription: a. Occurs in the ________________________________________________________. b. A gene for a specific ___________ ...
CHAPTERS 21 AND 22
CHAPTERS 21 AND 22

... ► Second a sugar D-ribose or D-deoxyribose ► Third is a phosphate derived from phosphoric acid ...
PDF file
PDF file

... Chemical synthesis of DNA and RNA Custom-designed oligonucleotides are available commercially and are used routinely in numerous experimental procedures. For example, oligonucleotides are used as template primers in DNA sequencing and PCR reactions, and for the incorporation of sitespecific mutation ...
Study Guide for LS
Study Guide for LS

... - DNA is shaped like a double helix or a twisted ladder. - In a DNA strand, the rungs (the part you step on) of the “ladder” are made of nucleotide bases. - In a DNA strand, the sides of the “ladder” are made of alternating sugar and phosphate ...
Enzymes - preabenagh
Enzymes - preabenagh

... Secondary (2°) Structure Folds in part of amino acid chain: Hydrogen bonds ...
Name: Date: Quiz name: Unit 4 Quiz (Replication/ transcription and tr
Name: Date: Quiz name: Unit 4 Quiz (Replication/ transcription and tr

... If a DNA molecule is found to be composed of 40% thymine, what percentage of guanine would be expected ...
File - Ms. Daley Science
File - Ms. Daley Science

... 5. The 5' end of a single DNA strand contains a free ...
Ch 10
Ch 10

... DNA from another bacterial cell (former phage host) ...
AP Biology 042 – Biological Molecules Video
AP Biology 042 – Biological Molecules Video

... c. What kind of bond is formed generally? Specifically between amino acids of a protein? d. What must be added to break the bonds? e. What is the name of that process? 11. Concerning Nucleic Acids: a. What are the two examples of nucleic acids he gave? (btw ATP is also an example) b. What is a nucle ...
Chapter 3 Review Questions
Chapter 3 Review Questions

... 17. The ________ group attached to an amino acid determines what kind of amino acid is present of the 20. 18. ______________ and _______________ functional groups are contained within an amino acid. 19. Proteins will not function properly if they have the wrong ____________. 20. An _________________ ...
Pretest and Post Test Questions
Pretest and Post Test Questions

... 8) Where does DNA replication occur in eukaryotes? A) cytoplasm B) ribosome C) nucleus D) vacuole E) rough endoplasmic reticulum Answer: C 9) Where does DNA replication occur in prokaryotes? A) cytoplasm B) ribosome C) nucleus D) vacuole E) rough endoplasmic reticulum Answer: A 10) What type of bond ...
02 Chemistry b - Crestwood Local Schools
02 Chemistry b - Crestwood Local Schools

...  Enzyme names usually end in -ase  Lower activation energy ...
Protein Synthesis Simulation
Protein Synthesis Simulation

... 5. Look at the “Universal Genetic Code Chart.” Which codon (set of 3 bases) in RNA codes for the “Met” amino acid? Write the correct bases below. ___ ___ ___ 6. The “Met” amino acid is the “start” codon and allows protein synthesis to begin. Find this codon on the RNA strand. Position the green wind ...
1 Questions: Concept Check 11.1 1. How did Griffith`s experiments
1 Questions: Concept Check 11.1 1. How did Griffith`s experiments

... in red blood cells, and is responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to various parts of the body for use in respiration. Normal adult hemoglobin is a four part protein consisting of two alpha chains and two beta chains. Mutant forms of this gene is responsible for the sickling of red blood cel ...
-body stores fat in special cells filled with fat globules.
-body stores fat in special cells filled with fat globules.

... Deoxyribonucleic acid Passed from parents to offspring Contain information for your looks, personality and metabolism (chemical reactions in the body) ...
BIOL 222 - philipdarrenjones.com
BIOL 222 - philipdarrenjones.com

... A) prokaryotes use a different genetic code from that of eukaryotes B) prokaryotes use a completely different set of amino acids than eukaryotes C) prokaryotes cannot remove eukaryotic introns D) prokaryotes use different nucleotides than eukaryotes E) bacterial DNA is not found in a membrane-bound ...
Protein Synthesis Facts
Protein Synthesis Facts

... the release factor causes the ribosome to add a H2O molecule instead of an amino acid to the polypeptide chain this hydolysis frees the polypeptide from the ribosome. The ribosome then separates into its small and large subunits ...
Chapter 12 Study Guide
Chapter 12 Study Guide

... Given a DNA strand nitrogen bases, be able to: o Figure the mRNA o Figure the tRNA o translate the code into the amino acid sequence 3 codons code for “stop” AUG codes for methionine which means “start” RNA is single stranded, has a ribose sugar, and Uracil instead of thymine. 64 possible codons for ...
Unit 1 Topic 2: Genes and Health
Unit 1 Topic 2: Genes and Health

... 7. How a polypeptides is formed (as amino acid monomers linked by peptide bonds in condensation reactions) 8. The basic structure of mononucleotides (as a deoxyribose or ribose linked to a phosphate and a base, ie thymine, uracil, cytosine, adenine or guanine) and the structures of DNA and RNA (as p ...
Heredity Notes - Madison County Schools / Overview
Heredity Notes - Madison County Schools / Overview

... bases pairs. Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C) are the nitrogen bases.  Adenine always pairs with Thymine and Guanine always pairs with Cytosine.  With these four base pairs, there are 8,000,000 possible outcomes between two parents and the arrangement of chromosomes. ...
Edible DNA - iGEM 2013
Edible DNA - iGEM 2013

... DNA provides the instructions for building and operating all living things. The DNA instructions are divided into segments called genes. Each gene provides the information for making a protein, which carries out a specific function in the cell. A molecule of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is composed o ...
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Nucleic acid analogue



Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.
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