This examination paper consists of 4 pages
... contains less than 20,000 genes contains more than 3 million retroelements is divided into 25 chromosomes is the largest genome known to date ...
... contains less than 20,000 genes contains more than 3 million retroelements is divided into 25 chromosomes is the largest genome known to date ...
Introduction to Bioinformatics
... Made of hydrophilic (water loving) molecular fragment connected to hydrophobic fragments Spontaneously form sheets (lipid membranes) in which all the hydrophilic ends align on the outside, and hydrophobic ends align on the inside Creates a very stable separation, not easy to pass through excep ...
... Made of hydrophilic (water loving) molecular fragment connected to hydrophobic fragments Spontaneously form sheets (lipid membranes) in which all the hydrophilic ends align on the outside, and hydrophobic ends align on the inside Creates a very stable separation, not easy to pass through excep ...
6 Review of Molecular Biology
... DNA consists of a pair of molecules, organized as strands running start-to-end and joined by hydrogen bonds along their lengths.[ Each strand is a chain of chemical "building blocks", called nucleotides, of which there are four types: adenine (abbreviated A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T ...
... DNA consists of a pair of molecules, organized as strands running start-to-end and joined by hydrogen bonds along their lengths.[ Each strand is a chain of chemical "building blocks", called nucleotides, of which there are four types: adenine (abbreviated A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T ...
Techniques
... Nucleotides are linked by a phosphodiester bond between the phosphate group at the C-5' position and the OH group on the C-3' position ...
... Nucleotides are linked by a phosphodiester bond between the phosphate group at the C-5' position and the OH group on the C-3' position ...
RNA
... region of gene • RNA polymerase unwinds and separates the two strands of DNA • RNA polymerase adds complementary RNA nucleotides • RNA polymerase reaches a sequence of nucleotides on the gene that signals “stop” • RNA polymerase detaches ...
... region of gene • RNA polymerase unwinds and separates the two strands of DNA • RNA polymerase adds complementary RNA nucleotides • RNA polymerase reaches a sequence of nucleotides on the gene that signals “stop” • RNA polymerase detaches ...
Mutation and DNA
... • Differences between closely related organisms show closely matched DNA sequences that diverged at some past time and that was adaptive for a given environment ...
... • Differences between closely related organisms show closely matched DNA sequences that diverged at some past time and that was adaptive for a given environment ...
DNA Replication
... A.1. Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry B.2. Structures and properties of matter C.1.c. Cells store and use information to guide their functions C.1.d. Cell functions are regulated C1. f. Cells can differentiate, and complex multi-cellular organisms are formed as a highly organized arrange ...
... A.1. Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry B.2. Structures and properties of matter C.1.c. Cells store and use information to guide their functions C.1.d. Cell functions are regulated C1. f. Cells can differentiate, and complex multi-cellular organisms are formed as a highly organized arrange ...
No Slide Title
... 10.8, 10.11, 10.12, 10.13, Table 10.3 6. Watson and Crick deduced a two-stranded structure wrapped in a right-handed helix with the bases internal, the phosphates external, and an internal repeating subunit separated by 0.34 nm ...
... 10.8, 10.11, 10.12, 10.13, Table 10.3 6. Watson and Crick deduced a two-stranded structure wrapped in a right-handed helix with the bases internal, the phosphates external, and an internal repeating subunit separated by 0.34 nm ...
SETG: NUCLEIC ACID EXTRACTION AND SEQUENCING FOR IN
... TRL-5-6: The advancement of SETG from TRL4 towards TRL5 is focused on achieving fully-automated end-to-end sample loading to sequencing. We expect to achieve a less than 10 parts per billion (ppb) detection sensitivity from samples containing lower ranges of cell densities analogous to those present ...
... TRL-5-6: The advancement of SETG from TRL4 towards TRL5 is focused on achieving fully-automated end-to-end sample loading to sequencing. We expect to achieve a less than 10 parts per billion (ppb) detection sensitivity from samples containing lower ranges of cell densities analogous to those present ...
Protein Synthesis and Mutations - Mrs. Gracie Gonzalez Biology Class
... 1. Point Mutation: Where one nucleotide is changed so only one amino acid may be affected a. Substitution – One nucleotide takes the place of another in the sequence of the code b. Substitution point mutations can result in either an expressed mutation or a silent mutation 2. Frameshift Mutation: ...
... 1. Point Mutation: Where one nucleotide is changed so only one amino acid may be affected a. Substitution – One nucleotide takes the place of another in the sequence of the code b. Substitution point mutations can result in either an expressed mutation or a silent mutation 2. Frameshift Mutation: ...
Chapter 2 Chemical Basis of Life
... Protein shapes, which determine how proteins function, can be altered by pH, temperature, radiation, or chemicals. This is called ________________. Hydrogen bond: form when compounds formed from __________ bonding do not share the electrons equally. Result from slight + and - charges. Important in w ...
... Protein shapes, which determine how proteins function, can be altered by pH, temperature, radiation, or chemicals. This is called ________________. Hydrogen bond: form when compounds formed from __________ bonding do not share the electrons equally. Result from slight + and - charges. Important in w ...
Nitrogen Base Pairs
... Same gene pairs 9.What is a mutation? Are they always harmful? Permanent change to an organism No create variety ...
... Same gene pairs 9.What is a mutation? Are they always harmful? Permanent change to an organism No create variety ...
Chapter 11 Nucleic Acids Nucleotides
... Ribosomal RNA • “Scaffold” for proteins involved in protein synthesis • RNA has catalytic activity as the “peptidyl transferase” which forms the peptide bond • Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes have slightly different ribosomal structures (See Figure 11.25) • Ribosomal RNA contains some modified nucleoside ...
... Ribosomal RNA • “Scaffold” for proteins involved in protein synthesis • RNA has catalytic activity as the “peptidyl transferase” which forms the peptide bond • Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes have slightly different ribosomal structures (See Figure 11.25) • Ribosomal RNA contains some modified nucleoside ...
Genetics Study Guide Answers What are different forms of a
... 15. Name the way cells divide in asexual reproduction? 16. Offspring that are different from their parents are produced by what type of reproduction? 17. Why do sex linked disorders occur more often in males? 18. What is the process when cells are made with half the number of chromosomes? 19. In whi ...
... 15. Name the way cells divide in asexual reproduction? 16. Offspring that are different from their parents are produced by what type of reproduction? 17. Why do sex linked disorders occur more often in males? 18. What is the process when cells are made with half the number of chromosomes? 19. In whi ...
Slide 1
... • Compare graphs for functional and non functional siRNA • For these two sets of siRNA, compute graph properties that reflect sequence structure. ...
... • Compare graphs for functional and non functional siRNA • For these two sets of siRNA, compute graph properties that reflect sequence structure. ...
Bacterial genetics - Comenius University
... • Any change of base sequence of DNA - single base mutation - insertion, deletion, transition, transversion - DNA is transcribed by RNA polymerase into mRNA that is translated by tRNA loaded with specific AmAc that recognize set of 3 nucleotides(codon) on mRNA and add next protein produced by riboso ...
... • Any change of base sequence of DNA - single base mutation - insertion, deletion, transition, transversion - DNA is transcribed by RNA polymerase into mRNA that is translated by tRNA loaded with specific AmAc that recognize set of 3 nucleotides(codon) on mRNA and add next protein produced by riboso ...
Summary: Activity 3
... The rungs of the ladder join a ___________ group on one strand with a __________ group on the other strand. The rungs do not connect the __________ groups of the two strands. The rungs of the ladder are made of four bases. They are designed by the letters ___,___,___, and ____. The four combine in o ...
... The rungs of the ladder join a ___________ group on one strand with a __________ group on the other strand. The rungs do not connect the __________ groups of the two strands. The rungs of the ladder are made of four bases. They are designed by the letters ___,___,___, and ____. The four combine in o ...
Bacterial genetics
... • Any change of base sequence of DNA - single base mutation - insertion, deletion, transition, transversion - DNA is transcribed by RNA polymerase into mRNA that is translated by tRNA loaded with specific AmAc that recognize set of 3 nucleotides(codon) on mRNA and add next protein produced by riboso ...
... • Any change of base sequence of DNA - single base mutation - insertion, deletion, transition, transversion - DNA is transcribed by RNA polymerase into mRNA that is translated by tRNA loaded with specific AmAc that recognize set of 3 nucleotides(codon) on mRNA and add next protein produced by riboso ...
Ch 13 RNA and Protein Synthesis
... Review Describe the three main difference between RNA and DNA Explain List the three main types of RNA and explain what they do Infer Why is it important for a single genes to be able to produce hundreds or thousands of RNA molecules ...
... Review Describe the three main difference between RNA and DNA Explain List the three main types of RNA and explain what they do Infer Why is it important for a single genes to be able to produce hundreds or thousands of RNA molecules ...
BIO 101: Transcription and Translation
... Theory: one gene codes for one polypeptide Some proteins are composed of a number of polypeptide chains. In this theory each chain has its own gene. However, eukaryotic genes are much more complex and this is not always the case! • Some genes control the expression of other genes • Some genes code f ...
... Theory: one gene codes for one polypeptide Some proteins are composed of a number of polypeptide chains. In this theory each chain has its own gene. However, eukaryotic genes are much more complex and this is not always the case! • Some genes control the expression of other genes • Some genes code f ...
BIO 101: Transcription and Translation
... Theory: one gene codes for one polypeptide Some proteins are composed of a number of polypeptide chains. In this theory each chain has its own gene. However, eukaryotic genes are much more complex and this is not always the case! • Some genes control the expression of other genes • Some genes code f ...
... Theory: one gene codes for one polypeptide Some proteins are composed of a number of polypeptide chains. In this theory each chain has its own gene. However, eukaryotic genes are much more complex and this is not always the case! • Some genes control the expression of other genes • Some genes code f ...
DNA- The Molecule of Life
... Ribonucleic Acid A nucleic acid molecule that is similar to DNA but has different functions. Structure: Composed of RNA nucleotides and is a helix link ...
... Ribonucleic Acid A nucleic acid molecule that is similar to DNA but has different functions. Structure: Composed of RNA nucleotides and is a helix link ...
Nucleic acid analogue
Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.