• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Molecular Genetics
Molecular Genetics

... - DNA mutations can be positive, negative, or neutral based on the effect or lack of effect they have on the resulting protein and the phenotypes that are conferred by the protein. - Changes in genotype may affect phenotype which, in turn, may affect natural selection and evolution. - Viral reproduc ...
Unit 13 Biotechnology
Unit 13 Biotechnology

... Biotechnology • The use of cells and biological molecules to solve problems or make useful products • Involves manipulation of DNA and RNA ...
Quiz 3 review sheet
Quiz 3 review sheet

... • Demonstrate how the structure of DNA, including its directionality and its double-stranded base pairing, are critical for its functions. • Explain the “central dogma” and how it relates to how genes determine phenotype • Explain the difference between DNA and RNA and how RNA is synthesized from DN ...
DNA Functions
DNA Functions

... assembled in exactly the same way as in DNA except that……. !  1. RNA is mostly single stranded and not a helix. !  2. the sugar is ribose instead of deoxyribose. !  3. the base thymine is replaced by uracil. ...
Information Transfer and Protein Synthesis The DNA
Information Transfer and Protein Synthesis The DNA

... b. mRNA is transcribed in the nucleus where the DNA is found B. Translation 1. Protein is made from the mRNA template a. Sequence of bases on mRNA determines which amino acids will be found in the protein b. Translation takes place in the ribosomes, not the nucleus Coding Genetic Information A. The ...
Chemistry & Biochemistry
Chemistry & Biochemistry

... Amino Acids – monomers of proteins Amino acids are always in this form ...
Characteristics of Living Things (Essay
Characteristics of Living Things (Essay

... Part b. What is DNA translation? Where and why does it occur? In other words - why is it such an important process? Describe the major components involved in translation & explain how mRNA codons play a vital role in directing the synthesis of a very important type of organic molecule. Do not forget ...
DNA and RNA Replication
DNA and RNA Replication

... 2. Click the Legend button for information about how nitrogen bases pair. 3. Build a mRNA molecule by pairing up free nitrogen bases in the nucleus with the nitrogen bases on the exposed strand of DNA. Start at the top where there is a Blinking DOT!! Determine which free nitrogen base pairs up with ...
Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry

... 2. Deoxyribose sugar 3. Contains A, C, T, and G (A-T, C-G) 4. Makes up chromosomes of all living things 5. Sequence of nucleotides spells out information to construct proteins • Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) 1. Single helix 2. Ribose sugar 3. Contains A, C, U, and G (A-U, C-G) 4. RNAs are copies of DNA – c ...
Variation exists within individuals, within populations, and among
Variation exists within individuals, within populations, and among

... Review guidelines for discussion test in WFB 224 Examples of types of questions are given in italics Basic terminology – review terms in genetics (Hardy-Weinberg, Mendel, molecular genetics); you should not only be able to define the terms, but understand the concepts behind them Define F1, homozygo ...
Worksheet for From DNA to Protein
Worksheet for From DNA to Protein

... in  a  protein  is  called  The  Central  Dogma.  Please  draw  a  sketch  of  this  pathway  and  then   describe  it  in  your  own  words.  (You  may  want  to  draw  things  as  they  appear  in  the  DNA  the   Protein  k ...
Chapter 7 Genes and Protein Synthesis
Chapter 7 Genes and Protein Synthesis

... DNA sequence  Reading frame of codons shifts resulting in multiple missense and/or nonsense effects  Any deletion or insertion of base pairs in multiples of ...
1 PRESS RELEASE SCIENTISTS ANNOUNCE AN ARTIFICIAL
1 PRESS RELEASE SCIENTISTS ANNOUNCE AN ARTIFICIAL

BIOL 1406 - Ch. 16-18 Review
BIOL 1406 - Ch. 16-18 Review

... A geneticist found that a particular mutation had no effect on the protein made by a gene. This silent mutation probably involved A. deletion of one nucleotide. B. alteration of the start codon. C. insertion of one nucleotide. D. deletion of the entire gene. E. substitution of one nucleotide. ...
Secondary structure of RNA
Secondary structure of RNA

Modern methods in Molecular Pathology
Modern methods in Molecular Pathology

Unit 1- Human Cells - Mrs Smith`s Biology
Unit 1- Human Cells - Mrs Smith`s Biology

Biomolecules PPT
Biomolecules PPT

... Photo by Toni Lozano ...
Protein Synthesis Reading
Protein Synthesis Reading

... and parts of individual cells. The proteins that are made largely determine how you look. The proteins that will be made for your body are determined by the sequence of DNA in the nucleus. Chromosomes are composed of genes, which is a segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein, which in turn ...
W09micr430Lec17 - Cal State LA
W09micr430Lec17 - Cal State LA

... amount of sigma factor σ32, also called σH or RpoH. σ32 recognizes promoters of genes in a major heat shock regulon – the σ32 regulon. During growth at 30 ºC, σ32 can be degraded by several proteases. However, if σ32 is bound to RNAP, it is protected from degradation. ...
File
File

... energy needed for a reaction, allowing it to occur more rapidly. The enzyme binds with the substrate but resumes its original conformation after forming the enzyme-substrate complex. ...
Document
Document

... new species (3% of 1500 nucleotides = 45 nucleotides). ...
3rd- 9 Weeks Test Review
3rd- 9 Weeks Test Review

... 1. Traits are inherited (passed) from one generation to the next. ü The genotype of an organism are the genes present within that organism. ü An organism’s phenotype is the physical representation of the organisms genes (genotype). ü Mendelian genetic crosses reflect if an allele is dominant, recess ...
DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis Notes Part 1
DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis Notes Part 1

... model of DNA, which enabled them to fully understand the molecule's structure. Wilkins, Crick and Watson were awarded a Nobel Prize jointly, some years later, after Franklin's death. • proposed the double helix or spiral staircase structure of the DNA molecule in 1953 ...
Simulating Protein Synthesis
Simulating Protein Synthesis

... Post Lab Questions: List at least 3 differences between transcription and translation? (3) Transcription ...
< 1 ... 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 ... 1036 >

Nucleic acid analogue



Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report