The Living Cell - Carnegie Institution for Science
... All living things are made of cells, which are like chemical factories Every cell has an “inside” and an outside, separated by a cell membrane Every cell uses raw materials and energy to produce new chemicals Every cell must contain information on how to operate and how to make new cells ...
... All living things are made of cells, which are like chemical factories Every cell has an “inside” and an outside, separated by a cell membrane Every cell uses raw materials and energy to produce new chemicals Every cell must contain information on how to operate and how to make new cells ...
Biology Chapters 8 and 9 Test Review
... DNA Translation—processes RNA and makes peptide bonds to hold amino acids together o DNA RNA Protein o You need a starting codon to tell the reading where to begin. o Experiments were conducted to find out what which triplets of nitrogen bases created. (i.e. In UAAUAAUAA, you always get 2 A’s an ...
... DNA Translation—processes RNA and makes peptide bonds to hold amino acids together o DNA RNA Protein o You need a starting codon to tell the reading where to begin. o Experiments were conducted to find out what which triplets of nitrogen bases created. (i.e. In UAAUAAUAA, you always get 2 A’s an ...
Answers section 4
... 6. if you are given 3’-CAT-5’ as the template strand of DNA, then the mRNA will be 5’GUA-3’. The mRNA will be 5’-CAU-3’ if it is the coding strand of DNA that you are given. 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. B 11. C 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. C 16. E 17. D 18. E 19. D 20. C 21. A 22. E 23. B 24. ribose vs. deoxyribose ...
... 6. if you are given 3’-CAT-5’ as the template strand of DNA, then the mRNA will be 5’GUA-3’. The mRNA will be 5’-CAU-3’ if it is the coding strand of DNA that you are given. 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. B 11. C 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. C 16. E 17. D 18. E 19. D 20. C 21. A 22. E 23. B 24. ribose vs. deoxyribose ...
Dna sequence and Cell Activity
... The code for a certain sequence of amino acids is located on a DNA molecule. It is CAG TAG AGT TAA CGC. The corresponding transcribed code on a messenger RNA would be GUC AUC UCA ACU GCG. The amino acids, carried by tRNA, that line up along this mRNA would be valine, isoleucine, serine, threonine an ...
... The code for a certain sequence of amino acids is located on a DNA molecule. It is CAG TAG AGT TAA CGC. The corresponding transcribed code on a messenger RNA would be GUC AUC UCA ACU GCG. The amino acids, carried by tRNA, that line up along this mRNA would be valine, isoleucine, serine, threonine an ...
B5 5 a day - Science Revision
... DNA is made up of four different bases, A T, C and G. In a DNA sample, 23% of the bases are T. Calculate the percentage of bases that are G. Show your working!! ...
... DNA is made up of four different bases, A T, C and G. In a DNA sample, 23% of the bases are T. Calculate the percentage of bases that are G. Show your working!! ...
AP Biology 2 -
... 4. Which of the following molecules is a typical component of an animal cell membrane? a. Starch b. Glucose c. Nucleic acids d. Carbohydrates 5. If a hypertonic solution (A) and a hypotonic solution(B) is separated by a selectively permeable membrane. Which of the following will occur? a. The solute ...
... 4. Which of the following molecules is a typical component of an animal cell membrane? a. Starch b. Glucose c. Nucleic acids d. Carbohydrates 5. If a hypertonic solution (A) and a hypotonic solution(B) is separated by a selectively permeable membrane. Which of the following will occur? a. The solute ...
THREE POSSIBILE MODELS FOR REPLICATION
... • Made of proteins and RNA • Part of SPLICEOSOME (complex that edits pre-mRNA cuts out the introns and reattaches the remaining mRNA ALTERNATIVE RNA SPLICINGcan produce different proteins by editing mRNA in different ways EX: Immunoglobulins (antibodies) that match new antigens RIBOZYMES = RNA molec ...
... • Made of proteins and RNA • Part of SPLICEOSOME (complex that edits pre-mRNA cuts out the introns and reattaches the remaining mRNA ALTERNATIVE RNA SPLICINGcan produce different proteins by editing mRNA in different ways EX: Immunoglobulins (antibodies) that match new antigens RIBOZYMES = RNA molec ...
Making probes/primers
... DNA synthesis using the Phosphoramidite method. •Before the start of synthesis amino groups of adenine, guanine and cytosine are derivatised by addition of benzoyl, isobutyryl and benzoyl groups respectively to prevent undesirable side reactions during chain growth. •Thymine is not treated as it ha ...
... DNA synthesis using the Phosphoramidite method. •Before the start of synthesis amino groups of adenine, guanine and cytosine are derivatised by addition of benzoyl, isobutyryl and benzoyl groups respectively to prevent undesirable side reactions during chain growth. •Thymine is not treated as it ha ...
1. There are three main classes of biological polymers
... 2. Sugars are commonly found as two-sugar “units” called disaccharides. For each of the following common disaccharides, identify the two sugars that are part of the structure. a. Lactose b. Maltose c. Sucrose 3. Check out the image below. Investigate each piece of the cell membrane (e.g. cholesterol ...
... 2. Sugars are commonly found as two-sugar “units” called disaccharides. For each of the following common disaccharides, identify the two sugars that are part of the structure. a. Lactose b. Maltose c. Sucrose 3. Check out the image below. Investigate each piece of the cell membrane (e.g. cholesterol ...
Chapter 10 Workbook Notes
... Like DNA, ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a nucleic acid—a molecule made of nucleotides linked together. RNA differs from DNA in three ways: ...
... Like DNA, ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a nucleic acid—a molecule made of nucleotides linked together. RNA differs from DNA in three ways: ...
First Semester Final Exam Study Guide
... What is the relationship between guanine, cytosine, adenine, and uracil? What is the relationship between guanine, cytosine, adenine, and thymine? How do the bases pair in DNA? How do the bases pair in RNA? What is a purine? What is a pyrimidine? What is the relationship between DNA, RNA, codons, am ...
... What is the relationship between guanine, cytosine, adenine, and uracil? What is the relationship between guanine, cytosine, adenine, and thymine? How do the bases pair in DNA? How do the bases pair in RNA? What is a purine? What is a pyrimidine? What is the relationship between DNA, RNA, codons, am ...
You Light Up My Life
... • Nuclear envelope may have helped to protect genes from competition with foreign DNA • ER channels may have protected vital proteins DNA ...
... • Nuclear envelope may have helped to protect genes from competition with foreign DNA • ER channels may have protected vital proteins DNA ...
06BIO201 Exam 2 KEY
... 7. The genetic code is redundant/degenerate but unambiguous. Clearly explain (a) how the code is redundant and (b) why the code must be unambiguous. The genetic code is redundant because more than one codon can specify a particular amino acid due to (1) wobble and (2) many amino acids are carried by ...
... 7. The genetic code is redundant/degenerate but unambiguous. Clearly explain (a) how the code is redundant and (b) why the code must be unambiguous. The genetic code is redundant because more than one codon can specify a particular amino acid due to (1) wobble and (2) many amino acids are carried by ...
U - West Windsor-Plainsboro Regional School District
... Methionine can be used within a protein sequence and is often the first amino acid cueing the beginning of translation. UAA, UAG, and UGA do not encode an amino acid These codons signal termination of the protein. ...
... Methionine can be used within a protein sequence and is often the first amino acid cueing the beginning of translation. UAA, UAG, and UGA do not encode an amino acid These codons signal termination of the protein. ...
Early Discoveries related to DNA…con`t
... a) base pairs can be in any order b) in any order accounts for genetic variability between species c) provides a “copying” mechanism for genetic material ...
... a) base pairs can be in any order b) in any order accounts for genetic variability between species c) provides a “copying” mechanism for genetic material ...
Building a DNA Model: An Extra Credit
... * A model with mistakes WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED for any partial credit. * You can work alone or share the work with one more student. ...
... * A model with mistakes WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED for any partial credit. * You can work alone or share the work with one more student. ...
Self-Replication
... RNA complementarity elicits copy formation (adenine-uracil, cytosine-guanine) RNA has the ability to serve as a catalyst: “ribozymes”, doing many of the things we expect proteins to do. Promotion of synthesis resulted from RNA catalysts that drew energy from a triphosphate group (like ATP). ...
... RNA complementarity elicits copy formation (adenine-uracil, cytosine-guanine) RNA has the ability to serve as a catalyst: “ribozymes”, doing many of the things we expect proteins to do. Promotion of synthesis resulted from RNA catalysts that drew energy from a triphosphate group (like ATP). ...
Nucleic acid analogue
Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.