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... Bioenergetics - Standard free energy concept, energy of activation, standard free energy, relationship between Standard free energy & equilibrium constant, energy ...
... Bioenergetics - Standard free energy concept, energy of activation, standard free energy, relationship between Standard free energy & equilibrium constant, energy ...
1 Molecular Genetics
... By this stage , It was NOT known whether the gene was simply a protein, or whether it was composed of DNA ...
... By this stage , It was NOT known whether the gene was simply a protein, or whether it was composed of DNA ...
Biology Chapter 11-1
... Genetic engineering- a form of manipulation that allows biologists to engineer a set of genetic changes directly into an organism DNA Restriction enzymes- places where genes can be cut a DNA sequences Plasmids – are small circular DNA molecules in bacteria Recombinant DNA- combined DNA from two sour ...
... Genetic engineering- a form of manipulation that allows biologists to engineer a set of genetic changes directly into an organism DNA Restriction enzymes- places where genes can be cut a DNA sequences Plasmids – are small circular DNA molecules in bacteria Recombinant DNA- combined DNA from two sour ...
Prep 101
... polypeptide that have a defined 3-D structure and have diverse biological functions o Peptides have covalent bonds between the amino group from one amino acid with the carboxyl group of adjoining amino acid o There are 20 different amino acids differing by their R group Nucleic Acids: macromolecules ...
... polypeptide that have a defined 3-D structure and have diverse biological functions o Peptides have covalent bonds between the amino group from one amino acid with the carboxyl group of adjoining amino acid o There are 20 different amino acids differing by their R group Nucleic Acids: macromolecules ...
8.4 Transcription
... • The two processes have different end results. – Replication copies all the DNA; one gene growing RNA strands transcription copies a gene. – Replication makes DNA one copy; transcription can make many copies. ...
... • The two processes have different end results. – Replication copies all the DNA; one gene growing RNA strands transcription copies a gene. – Replication makes DNA one copy; transcription can make many copies. ...
biochemistry project
... Page 4 – “Nuts and Bolts”: Name the simplest monomer (basic building block, ex. Amino acid, monosaccharide) that makes up the macromolecule. Draw a simple diagram/representation of just the monomer (no cutting or pasting) and list 3 three specific examples of each the monomers (label with ”Monomer”) ...
... Page 4 – “Nuts and Bolts”: Name the simplest monomer (basic building block, ex. Amino acid, monosaccharide) that makes up the macromolecule. Draw a simple diagram/representation of just the monomer (no cutting or pasting) and list 3 three specific examples of each the monomers (label with ”Monomer”) ...
Reverse Transcription - St. Michael`s Hospital
... activities: as a RNA‐dependent DNA polymerase, a DNA‐dependent DNA polymerase and ribonuclease H. Many commercially available kits, such as Super Script® III (Invitrogen/Life Technologies) have specifically engineered enzymes that possess reduced RNase H activity and provide increased thermal sta ...
... activities: as a RNA‐dependent DNA polymerase, a DNA‐dependent DNA polymerase and ribonuclease H. Many commercially available kits, such as Super Script® III (Invitrogen/Life Technologies) have specifically engineered enzymes that possess reduced RNase H activity and provide increased thermal sta ...
Macromolecules
... Several amino acids linked together are known as a polypeptide. Denaturing of Proteins: Proteins have a specific structure, which is important for their function. If the structure is distorted or destroyed by heat / ionic concentration / pH change, then the protein is said to be ‘denatured’. Denatur ...
... Several amino acids linked together are known as a polypeptide. Denaturing of Proteins: Proteins have a specific structure, which is important for their function. If the structure is distorted or destroyed by heat / ionic concentration / pH change, then the protein is said to be ‘denatured’. Denatur ...
DNA and Genetics Review
... c. deoxyribose + phosphate group + uracil d. deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine Unlike DNA, RNA contains a. adenine. c. phosphate groups. b. uracil. d. thymine. Which type(s) of RNA is(are) involved in protein synthesis? a. transfer RNA only b. messenger RNA only c. ribosomal RNA and transfer ...
... c. deoxyribose + phosphate group + uracil d. deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine Unlike DNA, RNA contains a. adenine. c. phosphate groups. b. uracil. d. thymine. Which type(s) of RNA is(are) involved in protein synthesis? a. transfer RNA only b. messenger RNA only c. ribosomal RNA and transfer ...
DNA notes
... biochemist) was not satisfied with this hypothesis because of the minimal data that supported it. He and his students collected many samples and used a relatively new technique called paper chromatography to analyze the DNA samples. ...
... biochemist) was not satisfied with this hypothesis because of the minimal data that supported it. He and his students collected many samples and used a relatively new technique called paper chromatography to analyze the DNA samples. ...
Planet Earth and Its Environment A 5000
... Synthesis ■ tRNA molecules occur in the cytoplasm that carry amino acids which build the new proteins. Each one is 75 nucleotides long and twisted into the shape of a clover leaf. On one end of the tRNA there are three unpaired bases called an anticodon, which attach the tRNA to its complementary ba ...
... Synthesis ■ tRNA molecules occur in the cytoplasm that carry amino acids which build the new proteins. Each one is 75 nucleotides long and twisted into the shape of a clover leaf. On one end of the tRNA there are three unpaired bases called an anticodon, which attach the tRNA to its complementary ba ...
13.2 Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis
... Identify the genetic code and explain how it is read. Summarize the process of translation. Describe the central dogma of molecular biology. ...
... Identify the genetic code and explain how it is read. Summarize the process of translation. Describe the central dogma of molecular biology. ...
Exam 3
... another. This shift alters the hydrogen bonding between bases which results in improper basepairing, allowing the tautomerized base to pair with bases other than the one it is normally paired with during DNA replication. Base analogues are compounds sufficiently similar to basepair with the correct ...
... another. This shift alters the hydrogen bonding between bases which results in improper basepairing, allowing the tautomerized base to pair with bases other than the one it is normally paired with during DNA replication. Base analogues are compounds sufficiently similar to basepair with the correct ...
Genetic engineering and biotechnology techniques
... 2nd. Primers attach to known ends 3rd. DNA polymerase adds nucleotides 4th. All four nucleotides are mixed into test tubes with the DNA of interest ...
... 2nd. Primers attach to known ends 3rd. DNA polymerase adds nucleotides 4th. All four nucleotides are mixed into test tubes with the DNA of interest ...
Macromolecule Notes
... Macromolecules: Proteins, Lipids, Polysaccharides (Carbohydrates) and Nucleic Acids Monomer: single building block for a macromolecule Proteins (polypeptides) Monomer: amino acid (a.a.) Compound in your body with nitrogen, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen 20 essential amino acids in your body Lin ...
... Macromolecules: Proteins, Lipids, Polysaccharides (Carbohydrates) and Nucleic Acids Monomer: single building block for a macromolecule Proteins (polypeptides) Monomer: amino acid (a.a.) Compound in your body with nitrogen, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen 20 essential amino acids in your body Lin ...
Most common elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen
... Lipids are large, nonpolar (won't dissolve in water) molecules. Phospholipids make up cell membranes. Lipids also serve as waxy coverings (cuticle) on plants, pigments (chlorophyll), and steroids. Lipids have more carbon and hydrogen atoms than oxygen atoms. Fats are made of a glycerol (alcohol) an ...
... Lipids are large, nonpolar (won't dissolve in water) molecules. Phospholipids make up cell membranes. Lipids also serve as waxy coverings (cuticle) on plants, pigments (chlorophyll), and steroids. Lipids have more carbon and hydrogen atoms than oxygen atoms. Fats are made of a glycerol (alcohol) an ...
What you absolutely need to know for the Regents Exam
... V. Mutations: Any change in the genetic material of an organism. A) Can only be passed on if they occur in reproductive cells (sperm or egg). B) Common mutagenic agents include radiation, chemicals and viruses. 1. Mutagenic agent: Any environmental factor that causes a mutation. C) Gene mutations m ...
... V. Mutations: Any change in the genetic material of an organism. A) Can only be passed on if they occur in reproductive cells (sperm or egg). B) Common mutagenic agents include radiation, chemicals and viruses. 1. Mutagenic agent: Any environmental factor that causes a mutation. C) Gene mutations m ...
Chapter 6 Genes and Gene Technology Section 1 We now know
... __________________ are made up of amino acids linked together (we have had this before). The ____________ of the bases determines the order of the amino acids in a protein. Scientists thought or DNA was found in proteins at one time because proteins are so ________________. The first step in making ...
... __________________ are made up of amino acids linked together (we have had this before). The ____________ of the bases determines the order of the amino acids in a protein. Scientists thought or DNA was found in proteins at one time because proteins are so ________________. The first step in making ...
Protein Synthesis - MsJacksonsBiologyWiki
... for making mRNA during Transcription *The template strand is the DNA strand being copied ...
... for making mRNA during Transcription *The template strand is the DNA strand being copied ...
Section 2 - Introduction to Molecular Biology
... introduced the notion of genes: basic units responsible for possession and passing on of a single characteristic • Initially it was thought that proteins carried genetic information • Until mid 20th-century, when it was found that DNA did. • Proteins are the functional molecules in cells (ie. they p ...
... introduced the notion of genes: basic units responsible for possession and passing on of a single characteristic • Initially it was thought that proteins carried genetic information • Until mid 20th-century, when it was found that DNA did. • Proteins are the functional molecules in cells (ie. they p ...
Nucleic acid analogue
Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.