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Stable nitrogen isotopic fractionation associated with transamination
Stable nitrogen isotopic fractionation associated with transamination

... plankton and zooplankton, zooplankton and fish, plant ...
Availability of amino acids supplied by constant
Availability of amino acids supplied by constant

Rapid, Accurate, Sensitive and Reproducible Analysis of
Rapid, Accurate, Sensitive and Reproducible Analysis of

... time-window that facilitates wavelength switching of the DAD or FLD between peaks #21 and #22. When monitoring at 262 nm (Fig. 3B), a small baseline “hump” elutes between 7 and 10 minutes due to derivatization byproducts. Since only the primary AA’s are monitored (338 nm) during this time, the “hump ...
Sequence, expression, and characterization of the first archaeal ATP
Sequence, expression, and characterization of the first archaeal ATP

... phosphoryl acceptors: in addition to F-6-P, glucose 6-phosphate, adenosine, fructose, ribose 5-phosphate, and ribose were accepted. Enzyme activity required divalent cations; Mg2+, which was most effective, could partially be replaced by Co2+, Ni2+, or Mn2+. The enzyme had a temperature optimum of 9 ...
Print-ready released items - Iowa Testing Programs
Print-ready released items - Iowa Testing Programs

... A isotonic to the cells. INCORRECT: An isotonic solution will have the same solute concentration as the person’s cells. As a result, there will not be a concentration gradient to replenish water in the person’s cells. B hypotonic to the cells. CORRECT: A hypotonic solution will have a lower solute ...
Introduction to Carbohydrates
Introduction to Carbohydrates

... • These “one-carbon units” can exist in a variety of oxidation states. • These include methane, methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid, and carbonic acid. • It is possible to incorporate carbon units at each of these oxidation states, except methane, into other organic compounds. • These single carbon ...
DNA methylation involved in proline accumulation in - Funpec-RP
DNA methylation involved in proline accumulation in - Funpec-RP

... using 5% denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and visualized with silver staining. Genetics and Molecular Research 12 (2): 1269-1277 (2013) ...
An Experimental Program for Introducing First
An Experimental Program for Introducing First

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Canadian Journal of Microbiology
Canadian Journal of Microbiology

... Despite the broad application of culture-independent techniques for the analysis of microbial communities in a wide range of natural habitats (Morris et al. 2002), studies on the diversity of bacterial endophytes have been mainly approached by characterizing isolates obtained from internal tissues ( ...
KARNATAKA COMMON ENTRANCE TEST – MAY, 2016 BIOLOGY
KARNATAKA COMMON ENTRANCE TEST – MAY, 2016 BIOLOGY

... Disclaimer: These solutions are provided by the academic team of BASE. These solutions may be different from those to be provided by the Karnataka Examinations Authority (KEA) due to difference in assumptions taken in support of the solutions. In such cases solution provided by KEA will be deemed as ...
statistical issues in the analysis of microbial communities in soil
statistical issues in the analysis of microbial communities in soil

... an increasing number of fields to produce characteristic profiles of microbial communities (Muyzer and Smalla, 1998). DGGE is a method by which DNA fragments of similar length can be separated on the basis of their nucleotide sequence composition in a polyacrylamide gel containing a linearly increas ...
Biogenesis and significance of lipofuscin in the equine thyroid gland
Biogenesis and significance of lipofuscin in the equine thyroid gland

... Thyroid lipofuscin granules isolated by osmotic shock and differential centrifugation showed the same ultrastructure as in situ. The protein content ranged from 15% to 77% w/w (mean = 36%). In contrast, the amino acid composition was constant and similar to that of thyroglobulin. The most distinctiv ...
CHAPTER 26
CHAPTER 26

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Nucleotide sequences from tomato leaf curl viruses from different
Nucleotide sequences from tomato leaf curl viruses from different

... these differences, the 34 nucleotide sequence G C G G C C A T c C G T a T A A T A T T A C C G G A T G G C C G C G , which can form the well-known stem-loop structure, was the same in all five viruses except that the lower case ' c ' is T in T L C V - I N and the ' a ' is C in TLCV-A. This sequence, ...
Use of a novel cassette to label phenotypically a cryptic plasmid of
Use of a novel cassette to label phenotypically a cryptic plasmid of

... microfuge tubes and 50 pl of protoplast suspension with 2-5 pl DNA, 150 pl PEG and 500 pl SPA could be used simply to transfer plasmids into a new strain. Estimation of plasmid stability. Stationary-phase cultures of bacteria carrying the plasmid under test were grown with antibiotic selection and t ...
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Mechanisms of Aspartimide Formation: The Effects of Protecting
Mechanisms of Aspartimide Formation: The Effects of Protecting

... acid and cyclohexanol. H2S04 (50 ml) was added to ethyl ether (500 ml: CAUTION) and cyclohexanol (270 ml). The mixture was concentrated to a constant volume under reduced pressure and 75 g of aspartic acid was then added. The colloidal solution was stirred at 50° C and became homogenous after 18 h. ...
the pdf - p53 WEB SITE
the pdf - p53 WEB SITE

... p53 interactions with its target pentamer involve both major and minor groove contacts. Several amino acid residues of H2 motif are involved in these contacts. The Arg280 residue, reinforced by Asp281, makes the most critical major groove contact with the invariant C : G base pair of the pentamer co ...
The trp Operon
The trp Operon

... the folding of the enzyme into its native conformation. Place the folded enzyme below the mRNA pieces in the model. g. The repressor of the trp operon is represented by the paper clip. The repressor attaches to the operator segment of the operon. When the repressor is in place the RNA polymerase is ...
synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of new
synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of new

... effectiveness as antiviral and antitumoral agents [4]. Other nucleoside analogues play important role as therapeutic agents [5]. Variety of functionalities has been introduced into their ribose moiety or the heterocyclic moiety [6]. ...
STPM 2011 - Soalan-Percubaan-STPM
STPM 2011 - Soalan-Percubaan-STPM

... B The semi-conservative replication of a DNA molecule to form wo identical molecules c The production of mRNA molecules by joining together of nucleotides D The joining of nucleic acids in a specific sequence as determined by the base sequence of DNA ...
Effect of Zinc on Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Intermediates and
Effect of Zinc on Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Intermediates and

... the zinc-deficient cultures. The only exceptions were oxaloacetate and citrate which showed lower levels in zinc-sufficient medium. In the stationary phase, A. pdrdsiticus had lower levels of a-keto acids in zinc-sufficient medium. The build up of TCA cycle intermediates in zinc-sufficient cultures ...
Amino acids in the seaweeds as an alternate source of protein for
Amino acids in the seaweeds as an alternate source of protein for

... were responsible for the special flavour and taste of the seaweeds. Moreover, the seaweeds were generally rich in glycine and alanine but poor in histidine, which was also consistent with the results of seaweed proteins such as in U. pertusa, C.fragile, P.tenera, G.turuturu (Arasaki and Mino, 1973), ...
Biologically active octapeptides
Biologically active octapeptides

... solid phase synthesis. The synthesis begins at the C-ter cally or therapeutically acceptable acid addition salts, minal end of the peptide. The ?rst protected amino acid are useful due to their possession of the pharmacologi is linked to the benzhydrylamine resin by reaction of the carboxyl group pr ...
GeNeViSTA Coffin Siris Syndrome: A Disorder of SWI/SNF Pathway
GeNeViSTA Coffin Siris Syndrome: A Disorder of SWI/SNF Pathway

... facial features. Patients with SMARCA4 mutations have less coarse craniofacial appearances and behavioral abnormalities. SMARCE1 mutations have a wide spectrum of manifestations from moderate to severe intellectual disability. Patients with ARID1A mutations have a wide spectrum of manifestations fro ...
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Nucleic acid analogue



Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.
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