• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Chemistry of Life
Chemistry of Life

... Atoms frequently bond with each other to form molecules. A molecule can contain atoms of the same kind as when two atoms of oxygen bond with each other to form an oxygen molecule. Molecules can also form from the combination of two or more different kinds of atoms. This kind of molecules is called a ...


... To clone a gene, a vector is first prepared. To genetically engineer a plasmid or virus, restriction enzymes are used to cleave plasmid DNA and foreign DNA. The "sticky ends" produced facilitate the insertion of foreign DNA into vector DNA. The foreign gene is sealed into the vector DNA by DNA ligas ...
Recombinant DNA Simulation
Recombinant DNA Simulation

... Investigation 6: Recombinant DNA Simulation Introduction: One of the most important processes developed by biotechnologists was the procedure where a gene is removed from the DNA of one organism and inserted into the DNA of another organism. This technique is called Recombinant DNA. The entire proce ...
Intimate Strangers
Intimate Strangers

... Viruses straddle the definition of life. They lie somewhere between molecular complexes and very simple biological entities. Viruses contain some of the structures and exhibit some of the activities that are common to organic life, but they are missing many of the others. In general, viruses are ent ...
Creating a Plasmid with a Human Gene
Creating a Plasmid with a Human Gene

... sometimes the HGH gene will become a part of a plasmid creating a _____________________ DNA plasmid. 4. Inserting the recombinant plasmid into a bacterial host. Fig 20.4 a) Select a host bacterium that is not capable of growing in the presence of _____________________________ b) Ice down the bacteri ...
Nucleic Acids Lecture Notes_rev1
Nucleic Acids Lecture Notes_rev1

... The formation of Z-DNA is extremely composition and base sequence dependent. In general, only alternating co-polymers can form Z-DNA (G-C)2, the compositional isomer, dG.dC, does not form Z-DNA at all. The formation of Z-DNA is solvent dependent. In oligonucleotides, it forms only in the presence of ...
Macromolecules - Van Buren Public Schools
Macromolecules - Van Buren Public Schools

... • Why are particular groups of molecules needed in biological systems? • How do the interactions of biological molecules lead to the emergence of life ...
Synthetic Biology - Equinox Graphics
Synthetic Biology - Equinox Graphics

... These range from transistors to diodes and include resistors ard genetic parts are collectively known as BioBricks, DNA segments encoding particular functions. They are designed and LEDs. Each performs a certain task, which is of little use to be easily assembled, to communicate by a universal bio - ...
Powerpoint slides
Powerpoint slides

... RNA secondary structure prediction Assumptions used in predictions: - The most likely structure is the most stable one. - The energy associated with a given position depends only on the local sequence/structure - The structure is formed w/o knots. ...
1 Biology - Organic Chemistry Notes Name Date Organic Chemistry
1 Biology - Organic Chemistry Notes Name Date Organic Chemistry

... starch, and fats. The chemical energy stored in bonds can be used as a source of energy for life processes. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------—5.1f - Biochemical processes, both breakdown and synthesi ...
Searching for Genes
Searching for Genes

... All branches on the tree of life share common roots. One way to study those roots is to look to DNA sequences. So, when the Roberts lab began studying the evolution of cellulose synthesis, one place they looked was at the available DNA sequence information. Even now, as they expand their studies to ...
Source Identification of Body Fluid Stains Using DNA
Source Identification of Body Fluid Stains Using DNA

... In October of 1997, the DNA Analysis Unit I (DNAU I) of the FBI Laboratory implemented a policy that enabled examiners to report and offer an opinion regarding the source of an evidentiary body fluid stain. This policy was developed and implemented based on the recommendations of the report authored ...
Nucleic Acids Research
Nucleic Acids Research

... of kl, or for the expression of kl-encoded genes essential for kl maintenance. A variety of data suggest that these plasmids may utilise a novel system for gee transcription; viz. none of the ORFs of kl is preceded by recognisable yeast nuclear promoter elemnts, although all four are preceded by a m ...
DNA sequencing is used to read out the bases from
DNA sequencing is used to read out the bases from

... b) Draw a schematic diagram of your system. Show all of the relevant inputs and outputs as well as the critical components you have identified so far, including fundamental parts to make your system, and any devices which you know you will need. Include both the specific parts which you know exactly ...
Protocol S1.
Protocol S1.

... parental amino acid sequence files. It uses the protein structural information to properly fold the parental amino acid sequences and then identifies potentially interacting amino acid pairs based on their proximity (in this case within 4.5 Å) within the resulting folds. The amino acid contact map y ...
Overview of Metaboli.. - Frozen Crocus Productions
Overview of Metaboli.. - Frozen Crocus Productions

... Leucine Zipper ...
lecture_ch05_2014 honors biology_website
lecture_ch05_2014 honors biology_website

... mRNA strand copied from the DNA strand below? TATTAGTAGGTTA 1. UAUUACUACCUUA 2. AUAAUCAUCCAAU 3. ATTGGATGATTAT 4. ATAATCATCCAAT ...
Document
Document

... E.coli Transformation: Introduction of DNA into host cells Classical definition: Natural uptake of naked ds DNA by bacterial cells. •Fred Griffiths (1928) Streptococcus pneumoniae (a.k.a. Pneumonococcus or Diplococcus) •Avery, McCarty and MacLeod (1944) proved that DNA is the transforming principle ...
Cloning Using Plasmid Vectors
Cloning Using Plasmid Vectors

... Unique restriction sites May have additional features such as mob sites, RNA polymerase promoters, etc. ...
What happens to proteins key 14
What happens to proteins key 14

... synthesis of protein as needed. Surplus amino acids are broken down, and the carboncontaining remains can be used for glucose or energy, or can be stored as fat, depending on your body’s needs. The nitrogen excreted in the amine groups is eventually converted to the waste product urea and is excrete ...
The 3`termini of transcripts originating from genes
The 3`termini of transcripts originating from genes

... Figure 4. Comparison between putative secondary structures of the terminators of the E. coli phages X (A.t R .) and fd (both redrawn from Rosenberg and Court (1b)) and the M:. voltae xerminator described here. Note the lack of an oligo(T) at the 3'end of the termination factor rho dependent terminat ...
Answers-to-examination-in-Gene-technology_20121020
Answers-to-examination-in-Gene-technology_20121020

... Reverse primer: 5’-TCAAAGGTCCCTGTCCTGCAGGGC-3’ d) Change in the DNA sequence that do not cause any change in the amino acid sequence. e) A palindromic sequence: CTTTGA change to 5’-CTATAG-3’ or 5’-TTATAA-5 3’-GATATC-5’ 3’-AATATT-3’ f) The advantage is the possibility to regulate the transcription of ...
Nature Rev.Genet. 8
Nature Rev.Genet. 8

... from Ferguson-Smith and Surani, Science 293, 1086 (2001) The AS-ICR is required for methylation and inactivation of the PWS-ICR in females to repress nearby genes ...
A comparison of the structure of echinomycin and triostin A
A comparison of the structure of echinomycin and triostin A

... The two pairs of quinoxaline rings are virtually in the same position. There are only small deviations in the position of the various amino acids around the cyclic depsipeptide. ...
Bio 2 final n
Bio 2 final n

... a. none of the proteins in the cell will contain phenylalanine. b. proteins in the cell will include lysine instead of phenylalanine at amino acid positions specified by the codon UUU. c. the cell will compensate for the defect by attaching phenylalanine to tRNAs with ...
< 1 ... 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 ... 1036 >

Nucleic acid analogue



Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report