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Genetics Option - Worked Examples
Genetics Option - Worked Examples

... Gene cloning means making identical copies of a gene. This is normally done by using recombinant DNA technology, e.g. by inserting the gene into the DNA of a plasmid, causing the plasmid to be taken up by a bacterium, and allowing the bacterium to reproduce by placing it on a growth medium. Gene the ...
HG501 slides
HG501 slides

... • Understand the meaning of DNA sequence and amino acid polymorphisms. • Know how DNA sequence analysis is performed and be familiar with methods of screening for differences. • Have a general understanding of methods for gene transfer into tissue culture cells and the power of transgenic technologi ...
Case study - DNA Genotek
Case study - DNA Genotek

... samples. Sixteen months after launching the program, a majority of samples, greater than 52%, are being collected with Performagene. The high compliance can be attributed to the ease of use, fast and non-invasive nature of the collection device which makes the process intuitive for producers. Perfor ...
Chemistry Big Ideas
Chemistry Big Ideas

... • 3. Both DNA and RNA exhibit specific nucleotide base pairing that is conserved through evolution: adenine pairs with thymine or uracil (A-T or A-U) and cytosine pairs with guanine (C-G). i. Purines (G and A) have a double ring structure. ii. Pyrimidines (C, T and U) have a single ring structure. • ...
Evidence for evolution
Evidence for evolution

... Vestigial Structure: Body part reduced in function in a living organism but may have been used in an ancestor  Shows: Organisms evolutionary past ...
Ch - Paint Valley Local Schools
Ch - Paint Valley Local Schools

... phospholipid, fatty acid, nucleotide, DNA, and RNA. (Ch. 2 and 3 Triple Entry Vocabulary) Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for Chlorine. Draw a Bohr model showing the proper placement and number of protons, neutrons, and electrons. (See journal and ...
MUTATION LEC
MUTATION LEC

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Biotechnology - Biology Junction
Biotechnology - Biology Junction

... enabling plants to produce new proteins  Protect crops from insects: BT corn  corn produces a bacterial toxin that kills corn borer (caterpillar pest of corn) ...
Meiosis and Genetics Test Review
Meiosis and Genetics Test Review

... they travel to opposite ends of the cell, DNA segments of nearby chromosomes are exchanged. During prophase I, DNA segments are exchanged between homologous chromosomes resulting in different combinations of alleles. During prophase I, DNA replication takes place and homologous chromosomes trade pla ...
4 Acid Base Solutions
4 Acid Base Solutions

... a. Which is the strongest among the four acids? Justify your answer quantitatively. Trichloroacetic acid (CCl3COOH) is the strongest acid because it has the most negative pKa (which is the largest Ka). b. Provide a reason using the molecular structure to explain why the acid in part a. is the strong ...
word - Mr Idea Hamster
word - Mr Idea Hamster

... Part Four--Special Topics in Bioinformatics A. Orthologs and Homologues B. SNPs and Haplotypes C. Cladogram generation D. Alleles and mutations (a series of case studies) E. Gene expression (demo the genepaint website) F. Visualizing proteins with 3D models G. Electronic PCR Part Five—Student proje ...
1 NPC Introduction Medicinal Plants
1 NPC Introduction Medicinal Plants

... Introduction Natural products, especially those derived from plants, have been used for medicinal purposes since ancient times Clay tablets of the Babylonian, Assyrian, and Sumerian eras dated 2600 - 4000 BC are thought to be the earliest recordings of plant usage as herbal remedies Egyptians also h ...
(3-D Molecules (key))
(3-D Molecules (key))

... 4. Click on “Back to Index,” then “Polyaccharides,” then “Glycogen” and click on the button in that section with a movie camera on it to see an animation. a. Change style to “ball and stick” and rotate it. To zoom in, press the Shift key and slide your finger up and down the scroll bar on the right ...
What do we need DNA for?
What do we need DNA for?

... tube can prevent false priming in the initial round of DNA replication) Annealing: The default is usually 55°C. This temperature variable is the most critical one for getting a successful PCR reaction. This is the best variable to start with when trying to optimize a PCR reaction for a specific set ...
Snork Activity
Snork Activity

... sequence of nucleotides (and therefore the sequence of bases) in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins. The sequence of DNA is the most important part of determining what proteins are synthesized.  During transcription, which takes place in the nucleus of the cell, messenger RNA (m ...
the link to our brochure
the link to our brochure

... Cellmark’s dedicated team provides forensic anthropology and archaeology expertise, supported by access to an extensive range of environmental evidence analysis. The team delivers a comprehensive and integrated service for the search, recovery and identification of human remains, capitalising on our ...
C1. At the molecular level, sister chromatid exchange and
C1. At the molecular level, sister chromatid exchange and

... D. Branch migration would not occur without these proteins. And resolution of the intertwined helices would not occur. C5. The two molecular mechanisms that can explain the phenomenon of gene conversion are mismatch DNA repair and gap repair synthesis. Both mechanisms could occur in the double-stran ...
Using a Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism to Predict
Using a Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism to Predict

... Verify GMO-negative result is not due to PCR reaction not working ...
Horizontal Gene transfer
Horizontal Gene transfer

... The length of time a mating occurs, the more DNA is transferred The Hfr DNA is transferred in a linear manner By mating for different times, you can get DNA of several sizes, and determine the order of the genes, and how far apart they are (minutes) ...
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... Copying DNA Genetic engineers can transfer a gene from one organism to another to achieve a goal, but first, individual genes must be identified and separated from DNA. The original method (used by Douglas Prasher) involved several steps: Determine the amino acid sequence in a protein. Predict the m ...
Chapter 20.
Chapter 20.

... short, single stranded DNA molecule complementary to part of gene of interest tagged with radioactive P32 or fluorescence unwinds (denatures) strands ...
Cut, Copy, and Mutate: EcoRI and its function in Genetic Engineering
Cut, Copy, and Mutate: EcoRI and its function in Genetic Engineering

Chapter 2 Genes Encode RNAs and Polypeptides
Chapter 2 Genes Encode RNAs and Polypeptides

Genetic Diversity Of Freshwater Snails in The Peconic River Using
Genetic Diversity Of Freshwater Snails in The Peconic River Using

... The sample of snails that was collected from the the Peconic River in Suffolk County on Long Island was put through the barcode protocol. Once the DNA was interpreted and analysed the genus was identified as Bellamya. This genus is a genus for freshwater snails that are native to Northeast Asia; par ...
Chapter 2 Genes Encode RNAs and Polypeptides
Chapter 2 Genes Encode RNAs and Polypeptides

... 2.2 Most Genes Encode Polypeptides • heteromultimer – A molecular complex (such as a protein) composed of different subunits. • homomultimer – A molecular complex (such as a protein) in which the subunits are identical. • Some genes do not encode polypeptides, but encode structural or regulatory RN ...
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Nucleic acid analogue



Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.
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