Purification/UV-Vis Analysis Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR
... •The di-deoxy dye-terminator reaction is run much like a PCR, except instead of dNTPs ddNTPs are used. A ddNTP is a nucleotide without an OH at the 3’ Carbon of the sugar ring. In addition thse ddNTPs are labeled with a color, different for each ddNTP. •This color is the color the sequencer picks up ...
... •The di-deoxy dye-terminator reaction is run much like a PCR, except instead of dNTPs ddNTPs are used. A ddNTP is a nucleotide without an OH at the 3’ Carbon of the sugar ring. In addition thse ddNTPs are labeled with a color, different for each ddNTP. •This color is the color the sequencer picks up ...
Promoters
... Binding of CAP-cAMP to the activator site does cause the DNA to bend • When a piece of DNA is bent, it migrates more slowly during electrophoresis. • The closer the bend is to the middle of the DNA, the more slowly the DNA electrophoreses. • Actual electrophoresis results with CAP-cAMP and DNA frag ...
... Binding of CAP-cAMP to the activator site does cause the DNA to bend • When a piece of DNA is bent, it migrates more slowly during electrophoresis. • The closer the bend is to the middle of the DNA, the more slowly the DNA electrophoreses. • Actual electrophoresis results with CAP-cAMP and DNA frag ...
tRNAs and ribosomal RNAs?
... genome. The integrated arrays are ectopic, as they do not integrate into the homologous sequences in their normal chromosomal locus. The syncitial regio is a good place to inject DNA because there are a large number of nuclei in shared cytoplasm, any of which can take up the injected DNA. In additio ...
... genome. The integrated arrays are ectopic, as they do not integrate into the homologous sequences in their normal chromosomal locus. The syncitial regio is a good place to inject DNA because there are a large number of nuclei in shared cytoplasm, any of which can take up the injected DNA. In additio ...
What is a gene?
... • genes for individual enzymes of one pathway are often located far apart in the genome ...
... • genes for individual enzymes of one pathway are often located far apart in the genome ...
Shotgun DNA sequencing using cloned DNase I
... by restriction enzymes with four-base recognition sites, moreover, are shorter than the length of accurate sequence that can be read from a gel, so sequencing such fragments represents an inefficient use of resources. For the above reasons a simple method was developed for shotgun DNA sequencing usi ...
... by restriction enzymes with four-base recognition sites, moreover, are shorter than the length of accurate sequence that can be read from a gel, so sequencing such fragments represents an inefficient use of resources. For the above reasons a simple method was developed for shotgun DNA sequencing usi ...
Taxonomy employs a hierarchical system of classification
... – If homology reflects common ancestry, then comparing genes and proteins among organisms should provide insights into their evolutionary relationships. – The more recently two species have branched from a common ancestor, the more similar their DNA and amino acid sequences should be. • These data f ...
... – If homology reflects common ancestry, then comparing genes and proteins among organisms should provide insights into their evolutionary relationships. – The more recently two species have branched from a common ancestor, the more similar their DNA and amino acid sequences should be. • These data f ...
Endosymbiotic Hypothesis (Endosymbiosis)
... that proposes that certain organelles, including mitochondria and chloroplasts, came from free-living prokaryotes. One organism lives within the body of another and both benefit. ...
... that proposes that certain organelles, including mitochondria and chloroplasts, came from free-living prokaryotes. One organism lives within the body of another and both benefit. ...
Vitalens
... production of ATP. Adenosine plays essential role in producing energy required for the vital function of the life lens e.g. the biosynthesis of glutathione, intermembrane active transport of ions and amino acid, the synthesis of DNA, RNA and nucleic acids. Nicotinamide is said to be involved in the ...
... production of ATP. Adenosine plays essential role in producing energy required for the vital function of the life lens e.g. the biosynthesis of glutathione, intermembrane active transport of ions and amino acid, the synthesis of DNA, RNA and nucleic acids. Nicotinamide is said to be involved in the ...
FPG Summary
... - Different types of bonds in proteins: • Covalent bonding (sharing electrons) —> peptide and disulphide bond • Hydrogen bonds —> weak interactive of electronegative atoms (polar interactions) • Ionic bonds (giving electrons) —> attracting opposite charges • Non-bonding interactions —> e.g. hydropho ...
... - Different types of bonds in proteins: • Covalent bonding (sharing electrons) —> peptide and disulphide bond • Hydrogen bonds —> weak interactive of electronegative atoms (polar interactions) • Ionic bonds (giving electrons) —> attracting opposite charges • Non-bonding interactions —> e.g. hydropho ...
Gene Technology Study Guide
... o Why would breeders do this? To make sure breeding is pure and the organism has desired traits. o Can bring out harmful recessive traits because 2 individuals are closely related and can both carry a harmful allele. Example: Horses and dogs are organisms that breeders have developed as pure bre ...
... o Why would breeders do this? To make sure breeding is pure and the organism has desired traits. o Can bring out harmful recessive traits because 2 individuals are closely related and can both carry a harmful allele. Example: Horses and dogs are organisms that breeders have developed as pure bre ...
Evolution & Phylogeny ppt
... 2) Choice of outgroup subjective and difficult. 3) Assumptions necessary to chose among possible cladograms – subjective element added. Result: many disputes over proposed phylogenies – not easily resolved (e.g. Brusca’s discussion) ...
... 2) Choice of outgroup subjective and difficult. 3) Assumptions necessary to chose among possible cladograms – subjective element added. Result: many disputes over proposed phylogenies – not easily resolved (e.g. Brusca’s discussion) ...
Dr Ishtiaq genetic code
... The 4 nucleotide bases (A,G,C and U) in mRNA are used to produce the three base codons. There are therefore, 64 codons code for the 20 amino acids, and since each codon code for only one amino acids this means that, there are more than one cone for the same amino acid. How to translate a codon (see ...
... The 4 nucleotide bases (A,G,C and U) in mRNA are used to produce the three base codons. There are therefore, 64 codons code for the 20 amino acids, and since each codon code for only one amino acids this means that, there are more than one cone for the same amino acid. How to translate a codon (see ...
Quiz:1
... important biological functions. Give some example of such amino acids and their functions. 14. A biochemist was studying endonucleae activities in cytoplasmic fraction. After he passed the cytosolic fraction on a gel filtration columns, he detected the endonuclease activity in the very early fractio ...
... important biological functions. Give some example of such amino acids and their functions. 14. A biochemist was studying endonucleae activities in cytoplasmic fraction. After he passed the cytosolic fraction on a gel filtration columns, he detected the endonuclease activity in the very early fractio ...
Molecular genetics of bacteria
... an active site, but an allosteric site. • Binding of a molecule there causes a shape change in the enzyme. This affects its function. ...
... an active site, but an allosteric site. • Binding of a molecule there causes a shape change in the enzyme. This affects its function. ...
Step 2
... pipeline applies secondary structure, tertiary structure, domain motif detection and sequence comparison tools to proteins encoded by genes with alternatively splice forms or SNPs. *Courtesy of Dr. Marta Janer, Institute for Systems Biology ...
... pipeline applies secondary structure, tertiary structure, domain motif detection and sequence comparison tools to proteins encoded by genes with alternatively splice forms or SNPs. *Courtesy of Dr. Marta Janer, Institute for Systems Biology ...
Lecture 15
... • In 1975, E. M. Southern invented a procedure to identify the location of genes and other DNA sequences on restriction fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. The essential feature of this technique is the transfer of the DNA molecules separated by gel electrophoresis to a nitrocellulose or nyl ...
... • In 1975, E. M. Southern invented a procedure to identify the location of genes and other DNA sequences on restriction fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. The essential feature of this technique is the transfer of the DNA molecules separated by gel electrophoresis to a nitrocellulose or nyl ...
GENE REGULATION IN PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES
... true. Alternative splicing is the reason that, with only about 20,000 different genes, humans can make more than 100,000 different proteins. (5) Related to alternative splicing is that eukaryotes have intervening sequences (introns) in many of their genes. It seems that the presence of introns is es ...
... true. Alternative splicing is the reason that, with only about 20,000 different genes, humans can make more than 100,000 different proteins. (5) Related to alternative splicing is that eukaryotes have intervening sequences (introns) in many of their genes. It seems that the presence of introns is es ...
Code Breaker - Georgia Tech ISyE
... tions that can occur in histones and associated DNA DNA methylation and histone studying methylation using differmethylation are linked to cancer and ent models. Biochemist Cheng and his other diseases. If just one part of the histeam are investigating the histone code tone code malfunctions, the wr ...
... tions that can occur in histones and associated DNA DNA methylation and histone studying methylation using differmethylation are linked to cancer and ent models. Biochemist Cheng and his other diseases. If just one part of the histeam are investigating the histone code tone code malfunctions, the wr ...
ECEN Information theory for genetics
... (3) Students and faculty each have responsibility for maintaining an appropriate learning environment. Students who fail to adhere to such behavioral standards may be subject to discipline. Faculty have the professional responsibility to treat all students with understanding, dignity and respect, to ...
... (3) Students and faculty each have responsibility for maintaining an appropriate learning environment. Students who fail to adhere to such behavioral standards may be subject to discipline. Faculty have the professional responsibility to treat all students with understanding, dignity and respect, to ...
Study Guide - Pierce College
... 29. Using a codon dictionary, show the relationship between DNA, mRNA, and tRNA sequences and amino acids by recognizing the sense sequences, codons, anticodons and amino acids in a 5 amino acid polypeptide. 30. Explain, with a specific example of DNA, how a mutation can result in a different polype ...
... 29. Using a codon dictionary, show the relationship between DNA, mRNA, and tRNA sequences and amino acids by recognizing the sense sequences, codons, anticodons and amino acids in a 5 amino acid polypeptide. 30. Explain, with a specific example of DNA, how a mutation can result in a different polype ...
슬라이드 1
... 2. Autophagy: the degradation of intracellular components via the lysosome. It’s triggered by Nutrient starvation and TOR1 inhibitiors 3. Histone Acetyltransferase (HAT): Gcn5. Histone Deacetylase (HDAC): Hda1 & Rpd3 ...
... 2. Autophagy: the degradation of intracellular components via the lysosome. It’s triggered by Nutrient starvation and TOR1 inhibitiors 3. Histone Acetyltransferase (HAT): Gcn5. Histone Deacetylase (HDAC): Hda1 & Rpd3 ...
Biogenetic Engineering & Manipulating Genes
... Intro. Q’s #5 for Chapter 20: Genetic Engineering ...
... Intro. Q’s #5 for Chapter 20: Genetic Engineering ...
Virus - DavidThompsonMercy
... transfer of genetic material between two bacterial cells. Bacterial "sex”. Used to map genetic sequences in bacteria. ...
... transfer of genetic material between two bacterial cells. Bacterial "sex”. Used to map genetic sequences in bacteria. ...
Nucleic acid analogue
Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.