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Biol 207 Dr. Locke`s section WS9 Page 1 Workshop 9 Biol207
Biol 207 Dr. Locke`s section WS9 Page 1 Workshop 9 Biol207

... pair recognition sequence, what is the average E. coli genomic DNA fragment size expected based solely on chance (assume equal frequencies of A, C, G, and T)? g) Using your answer from part “F”, and if the E.coli genome is 4.5 Mbp, how many clones would you need to test to make sure you had 99% prob ...
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Genetic Engineering

... and stability with the aim of adapting it for largefragment cloning. A group led by Melvin Simon modified an endogenous circular plasmid in E. coli, the fertility (F) factor present at one or two copies per cell, to create a cloning vector. In reference to its yeast cousin, they called it bacterial ...
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... - heavy metals (mercury, lead etc.) bind preferentially with specific R group bonds (the S in Cystine), breaking the tertiary structure. C11. FUNCTIONS OF PROTEINS - polymers of amino acids - have 2 major functions I) Structural - large proteins are important - muscle, tendon, cartilage, hair etc. K ...
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... large, complex sequences of amino acids) and RNA. B. GENE STRUCTURE - TWO TYPES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS: 1. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) 2. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) C. NUCLEOTIDES: The monomers of nucleic acids - three subunits: 3. Sugar (deoxyribose in DNA; ribose in RNA) 4. Phosphate 5. Nitrogenous base (5 ...
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PTC Lab Instructions/Information

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Nucleic acid analogue



Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.
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