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G3: Genes, Genomes and Genetics Whole organism genome
G3: Genes, Genomes and Genetics Whole organism genome

Genetic Control of Cell Function
Genetic Control of Cell Function

... with the paired bases representing the steps (Fig. 3-2). A precise complementary pairing of purine and pyrimidine bases occurs in the double-stranded DNA molecule. Adenine is paired with thymine, and guanine is paired with cytosine. Each nucleotide in a pair is on one strand of the DNA molecule, wit ...
Synthesis and isolation of a single-strand
Synthesis and isolation of a single-strand

... extension on the amplified DNA with LNA ATP using KOD DNA polymerase; and (3) isolation of fulllength LNA extension products by an oligonucleotide capture approach. Together, these methods for amplification and regeneration allow for in vitro selection using LNA-containing libraries. ...
Table of Contents
Table of Contents

... this. For example, the strains of E. coli used in the lab have a number of mutations that make their survival in the human intestine ...
powerpoint
powerpoint

Biotechnology: Applications of DNA Manipulation
Biotechnology: Applications of DNA Manipulation

... this. For example, the strains of E. coli used in the lab have a number of mutations that make their survival in the human intestine ...
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... PTGS -Post-transcriptional gene silencing Dicer is an RNaseIII-like enzyme. siRNAs guide an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to mRNA degradation. ...
Exam 4 Review Sheet posted 10/18/12
Exam 4 Review Sheet posted 10/18/12

... 51. Explain why these levels of structure have little to do with actual protein folding in the cytoplasm. 52. Explain, starting with a gene, how a protein is formed. Make sure you include items like mRNA, tRNA, ribosome, nuclear pore, RNA polymerase, amino acids, nucleus, etc… Basically, describe th ...
SBI 4U Unit 1 Questions
SBI 4U Unit 1 Questions

... material. Answers may take the form of written paragraphs, concept maps, tables, or diagrams as long as the explanations are relevant to the content of the question and are presented with sufficient clarity that Grandma Moses would understand the concept. ...
Where Is DNA Found?
Where Is DNA Found?

... She died of cancer and could not be honored for her work. Find out more at Chemical Achievers: www.chemheritage.org/EducationalServices/chemach/ppb/cwwf.html ...
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Question 1 Red flower color is
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Question 1 Red flower color is

... Use the following information to answer the next three questions. In dogs, colored fur, E, is dominant over colorless fur, e. Black fur color, B, is dominant over brown fur color, b. The E gene is epistatic to the B gene. Suppose a yellow male dog is mated with a ...
Mechanical opening of DNA by micromanipulation and force
Mechanical opening of DNA by micromanipulation and force

... one of the strands with a single biotin terminal group and prolongated the other one by a long linker arm, the latter being terminated by a single digoxigenin group. The linker arm was a full length double stranded λ DNA molecule. The molecular construction (Fig. 1) used in our more recent studies [ ...
Assessing the biocompatibility of click
Assessing the biocompatibility of click

... full automation of large-scale gene synthesis, but also readily allow the incorporation of modified bases into large DNA fragments. The resulting click-linked DNA will however, contain an unnatural triazole linkage on its backbone at the sites of ligation (in place of the canonical phosphodiester lin ...
Reverse_Transcription_PCR
Reverse_Transcription_PCR

... • the polymerase uses it in the catalytic area to balance the negativley charged phosphate groups of RNA template backbone. • stabilizes duplex’s structure because the negative charges would otherwise repel one another in the DNA strands • forms soluble complex with dNTPs DTT: loosen the secondary s ...
Datasheet - BioVision
Datasheet - BioVision

... recourse to a denaturation process. It is the most powerful proteinase among all proteinases characterized so far. It cleaves at the peptide bond adjacent to the carboxylic acid group of aliphatic, aromatic or hydrophobic amino acids. The application of the molecular grade FabActTM Proteinase K is s ...
Amino Acids and Proteins
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... protein. The structural formulas of di- and tripeptides are written. The secondary forms of protein structure include the alpha helix, pleated sheet and collagen. The interaction of side groups to form the cross-links of tertiary structure is discussed. The breakdown in the secondary and tertiary st ...
division - IRIS - Lake Land College
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...  Be able to name compounds using both IUPAC and common name nomenclature.  Given a name be able to write the correct formula for the compound.  Be able to describe the general physical properties of compounds of the type of interest and how intermolecular bonding influences the properties.  Know ...
Vectors and Libraries
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... c. Bacterial transformation is the process by which bacterial cells take up naked DNA molecules (Fig 1-2). If the foreign DNA, such as a plasmid, has an origin of replication recognized by the host cell DNA polymerases, the bacteria will replicate the foreign DNA along with their own DNA. Transforma ...
7.2 Transcription and gene expression (HL ONLY
7.2 Transcription and gene expression (HL ONLY

... The RNA polymerase forms covalent bonds between the nucleotides. Free energy is released from the oxidation of the nucleoside triphosphates to form the bond. The bonds are formed by joining the 5' of the free nucleotide to the 3' end of the nucleotide already part of the mRNA chain. The RNA polymera ...
Slide 1
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... • All these reactions depend on accumulation of negative charge on the carbonyl carbon at which cleavage occurs! • Thiamine pyrophosphate facilitates these reactions by stabilizing this negative charge • The key is the quaternary nitrogen of the thiazolium group – provides electrostatic stabilizatio ...
Oregon State University, Summer 2009 Chemistry 121 Midterm
Oregon State University, Summer 2009 Chemistry 121 Midterm

... a. A combustion reaction is one in which a compound reacts with oxygen to make carbon monoxide and water. b. The Law of Conservation of Matter (Mass) states that the total mass of substances in a chemical reaction does not change. c. In a chemical reaction, the number of atoms of all types remains c ...
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RNA and Protein Synthesis Powerpoint

... 1. RNA is a type of nucleic acid which is made up of a long chain of nucleotides. 2. Each nucleotide, like DNA, is made up of a: ...
Supplement Program
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... TER. Telomerase-deficient mice are initially phenotypically normal. However, successive generations of breeding result in progressive telomere shortening, eventually resulting in male and female sterility, reflecting germ cell senescence, as well as a variety of manifestations of somatic cell dysfun ...
Name Designation Constitution Number of chromosomes
Name Designation Constitution Number of chromosomes

... Banding-paterns • Banding patterns are caused by differences in binding of the dye  due to differences in the scaffold loop structure next slide • Scaffold attachment regions (SARs) • More SARs per length unit in G bands than in R bands  G bands have smaller loops ...
File - Ms. Lynch`s Lessons
File - Ms. Lynch`s Lessons

... 5.3.1: Develop or modify a model to predict and justify a change in a system. 5.3.2: Justify the relationships among processes, systems, etc., shown within a model. Introduction: You were sent on a mission to discover whether there is life on other planets. On the far-off planet of Dee Enae in a dis ...
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Nucleic acid analogue



Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.
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