as a PDF
... • ATP stored in the phage tailpiece is the energy source for the phage to: a) pierce the E. coli wall and membrane, b) contract its tail sheath, and c) inject its DNA. • The genome separates from the capsid leaving a capsid "ghost" outside the cell. 3. Hydrolytic enzymes destroy host cell's DNA. • T ...
... • ATP stored in the phage tailpiece is the energy source for the phage to: a) pierce the E. coli wall and membrane, b) contract its tail sheath, and c) inject its DNA. • The genome separates from the capsid leaving a capsid "ghost" outside the cell. 3. Hydrolytic enzymes destroy host cell's DNA. • T ...
Exercise 14 Overview of Amino Acid and Protein
... as hormones, sending messages through the blood to specific target cells. In addition, many proteins perform two or more distinct functions. For example, the protein myosin functions as a motor protein that can move other materials around the cytoplasm of cells, as an enzyme (ATPase), and as a struc ...
... as hormones, sending messages through the blood to specific target cells. In addition, many proteins perform two or more distinct functions. For example, the protein myosin functions as a motor protein that can move other materials around the cytoplasm of cells, as an enzyme (ATPase), and as a struc ...
The structure of RNase E at the core of the RNA
... interactions for the 15-mer RNA nonetheless are similar to those seen for the 10-mer and 13-mer. The 10-mer and 15-mer structures may represent non-cognate cleavage complexes. In all cases – both preferred and non-cognate complexes - the RNA follows the same stacking arrangement over the surface of ...
... interactions for the 15-mer RNA nonetheless are similar to those seen for the 10-mer and 13-mer. The 10-mer and 15-mer structures may represent non-cognate cleavage complexes. In all cases – both preferred and non-cognate complexes - the RNA follows the same stacking arrangement over the surface of ...
Lactic Acid Bacteria: Characteristics
... • Require many growth factors (vitamins and amino acids) • Found in nutrient-rich environments (decomposition) ...
... • Require many growth factors (vitamins and amino acids) • Found in nutrient-rich environments (decomposition) ...
A novel species of thermoacidophilic archaeon, Sulfolobus
... (Promega). The reverse transcription reaction contained (pl-l): 20 ng RNA template, 0-5 U AMV reverse transcriptase, 1 pmol primer, 5 nmol MgC1, and 1 nmol dNTPs. The reaction was incubated at 42 "C for 30 min. Three independent cDNA products were synthesized and used as templates for the PCR. PCR a ...
... (Promega). The reverse transcription reaction contained (pl-l): 20 ng RNA template, 0-5 U AMV reverse transcriptase, 1 pmol primer, 5 nmol MgC1, and 1 nmol dNTPs. The reaction was incubated at 42 "C for 30 min. Three independent cDNA products were synthesized and used as templates for the PCR. PCR a ...
Bacterial Screening PCR Kit
... 3) Centrifuge at 12,000 rpm (approx. 13,000 X g) for one minute. 4) Use the centrifuged supernatant as the DNA Sample Solution for PCR. [Option 2] (Use of 1.5 ml micro test tube with screw cap is recommended.) 1) Suspend the pellet containing the centrifuged bacteria (see step 2 in section C above) ...
... 3) Centrifuge at 12,000 rpm (approx. 13,000 X g) for one minute. 4) Use the centrifuged supernatant as the DNA Sample Solution for PCR. [Option 2] (Use of 1.5 ml micro test tube with screw cap is recommended.) 1) Suspend the pellet containing the centrifuged bacteria (see step 2 in section C above) ...
The promiscuous primase
... restricted to the Pyrococcus enzyme; recent studies have revealed that the primase from the highly diverged archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus also has the ability to initiate and extend both RNA and DNA chains for up to 1 kb or 7 kb, respectively [4]. In eukaryotes, the core primase synthesizes a sho ...
... restricted to the Pyrococcus enzyme; recent studies have revealed that the primase from the highly diverged archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus also has the ability to initiate and extend both RNA and DNA chains for up to 1 kb or 7 kb, respectively [4]. In eukaryotes, the core primase synthesizes a sho ...
Chapter 20
... • Most methods for cloning pieces of DNA in the laboratory share general features, such as the use of bacteria and their plasmids – Plasmids are small circular DNA molecules that replicate separately from the bacterial chromosome. They carry only a few genes that are not usually essential for surviv ...
... • Most methods for cloning pieces of DNA in the laboratory share general features, such as the use of bacteria and their plasmids – Plasmids are small circular DNA molecules that replicate separately from the bacterial chromosome. They carry only a few genes that are not usually essential for surviv ...
Appendix – Biology for Bioinformatics Fig A1.1 A typical
... Fig A1.36 (A) Schematic drawing of the transmembrane topology of the G-proteincoupled receptor, which is characterized by seven transmembrane segments. (B) None of the structures of G-protein-coupled receptors has been determined yet, but their transmembrane structures are expected to be similar to ...
... Fig A1.36 (A) Schematic drawing of the transmembrane topology of the G-proteincoupled receptor, which is characterized by seven transmembrane segments. (B) None of the structures of G-protein-coupled receptors has been determined yet, but their transmembrane structures are expected to be similar to ...
Unit 2, Lesson 13: Polymers Polymers are very large organic
... synthesizing polymers from non-biological sources such as petroleum derivatives. Many chemists say that, since 1909 when the first synthetic polymer plastics were produced, we have been living in the “polymer era”. Polymer chemistry is a huge (and lucrative) field in which chemists produce polymers ...
... synthesizing polymers from non-biological sources such as petroleum derivatives. Many chemists say that, since 1909 when the first synthetic polymer plastics were produced, we have been living in the “polymer era”. Polymer chemistry is a huge (and lucrative) field in which chemists produce polymers ...
RNA and Protein Synthesis
... How does RNA differ from DNA? When Watson and Crick solved the double-helix structure of DNA, they understood right away how DNA could be copied. All a cell had to do was to separate the two strands and then use base pairing to make a new complementary strand for each. But the structure of DNA by it ...
... How does RNA differ from DNA? When Watson and Crick solved the double-helix structure of DNA, they understood right away how DNA could be copied. All a cell had to do was to separate the two strands and then use base pairing to make a new complementary strand for each. But the structure of DNA by it ...
Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition
... • A gene product serves as antiterminator that permits RNA polymerase to ignore terminators at the end of the immediate early genes • Same promoters are used for both immediate early and delayed early transcription • Late genes are transcribed when another antiterminator permits transcription of the ...
... • A gene product serves as antiterminator that permits RNA polymerase to ignore terminators at the end of the immediate early genes • Same promoters are used for both immediate early and delayed early transcription • Late genes are transcribed when another antiterminator permits transcription of the ...
Pre-AP Biology
... What are the chemical equations for photosynthesis and respiration and how are they related? ...
... What are the chemical equations for photosynthesis and respiration and how are they related? ...
Glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids
... 1. Synthesis of SAM: Methionine condenses with ATP, forming SAM—a high-energy compound that is unusual in that it contains no phosphate. The formation of SAM is driven by hydrolysis of all three phosphate bonds in ATP (Figure 14). 2. Activated methyl group: The methyl group attached to the tertiary ...
... 1. Synthesis of SAM: Methionine condenses with ATP, forming SAM—a high-energy compound that is unusual in that it contains no phosphate. The formation of SAM is driven by hydrolysis of all three phosphate bonds in ATP (Figure 14). 2. Activated methyl group: The methyl group attached to the tertiary ...
Advancing Science with DNA Sequence Finding the genes in
... • There are plenty of tools for automated annotation of microbial genome, including several “full-service” servers and annotation pipelines • Even “full-service” pipelines identify a limited range of features and development of automated or semi-automated tools for identification of operons, promote ...
... • There are plenty of tools for automated annotation of microbial genome, including several “full-service” servers and annotation pipelines • Even “full-service” pipelines identify a limited range of features and development of automated or semi-automated tools for identification of operons, promote ...
Insights into Protein–DNA Interactions through Structure
... The protein–DNA graph is of special interest, since we are dealing with two different types of biopolymers with unique structural and chemical properties. In the case of proteins, the two amino acids are linked by a rigid peptide bond and each amino acid could be unambiguously considered as a node i ...
... The protein–DNA graph is of special interest, since we are dealing with two different types of biopolymers with unique structural and chemical properties. In the case of proteins, the two amino acids are linked by a rigid peptide bond and each amino acid could be unambiguously considered as a node i ...
A key amino acid determining G3m(b) allotypic markers
... CH3 domain. Protein Bu has G3m(b0)(b3)(b5), which are represented by 'b' marker, while Kam has G3m(s)(t) and 'b' marker on the CH3 domain (Natvig and Turner, 1971; Schanfield et al., 1986; Matsumoto et al., 1986). Both Bu and Kam molecules have 'b' marker, whereas Ba molecule has no marker. The anti ...
... CH3 domain. Protein Bu has G3m(b0)(b3)(b5), which are represented by 'b' marker, while Kam has G3m(s)(t) and 'b' marker on the CH3 domain (Natvig and Turner, 1971; Schanfield et al., 1986; Matsumoto et al., 1986). Both Bu and Kam molecules have 'b' marker, whereas Ba molecule has no marker. The anti ...
Nucleic acid analogue
Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.