LOCAL DISTURBANCE CYCLES AND THE MAINTENANCE OF
... cycles have been revealed at the landscape level, but only in demographically open or closed systems where landscape-level dynamics are assumed to have no feedback effect on regional dynamics. We present a mussel metapopulation model to elucidate the role of landscape-level disturbance cycles for re ...
... cycles have been revealed at the landscape level, but only in demographically open or closed systems where landscape-level dynamics are assumed to have no feedback effect on regional dynamics. We present a mussel metapopulation model to elucidate the role of landscape-level disturbance cycles for re ...
23.1 Ecological Concepts
... subject to rapid change, both spatially and temporally Resources in natural environments are highly variable and many microbes in nature face a feast-or-famine existence Growth rates of microbes in nature are usually well below maximum growth rates defined in the laboratory Competition and coo ...
... subject to rapid change, both spatially and temporally Resources in natural environments are highly variable and many microbes in nature face a feast-or-famine existence Growth rates of microbes in nature are usually well below maximum growth rates defined in the laboratory Competition and coo ...
Habitat: Shallow Rocky Reef Species (0
... exhaustive but rather are meant to act as catalysts to direct conservation efforts and future applied research. They may also be useful in revealing gaps in our knowledge and to illustrate the ecological connections among other species templates identified by the other marine expert teams. Furthermo ...
... exhaustive but rather are meant to act as catalysts to direct conservation efforts and future applied research. They may also be useful in revealing gaps in our knowledge and to illustrate the ecological connections among other species templates identified by the other marine expert teams. Furthermo ...
Climate change and unequal phenological changes
... In this contribution, we want to work out how phenological changes are affected by the phenology of both food sources and predators, and this sheds new light on what we have previously called ‘insufficient’ adjustment (Visser & Both 2005). An alternative approach to examining whether shifts in pheno ...
... In this contribution, we want to work out how phenological changes are affected by the phenology of both food sources and predators, and this sheds new light on what we have previously called ‘insufficient’ adjustment (Visser & Both 2005). An alternative approach to examining whether shifts in pheno ...
Genetic analysis of aspen (Populus tremula L. and Populus
... Grime 2010). These studies are not representative for forest tree species which are different from grassland species in many characters such as size and life span. Most woody plant species reproduce predominantly or exclusively sexually, and the evolution of higher organisms critically depends on th ...
... Grime 2010). These studies are not representative for forest tree species which are different from grassland species in many characters such as size and life span. Most woody plant species reproduce predominantly or exclusively sexually, and the evolution of higher organisms critically depends on th ...
The ecology and evolution of social behavior in microbes
... Cooperation has been conceptualized in two ways: either as a costly donation in a pairwise interaction between a donor and a recipient (described via a Prisoner’s Dilemma game; Nowak, 2006) or as a public good, a costly resource produced by the cooperator and freely available to others (see Glossary ...
... Cooperation has been conceptualized in two ways: either as a costly donation in a pairwise interaction between a donor and a recipient (described via a Prisoner’s Dilemma game; Nowak, 2006) or as a public good, a costly resource produced by the cooperator and freely available to others (see Glossary ...
What enables coexistence in plant communities? Weak versus
... Explaining the coexistence of species that basically depend on the same resources has been a brainteaser for generations of ecologists. Different mechanisms have been proposed to facilitate coexistence in plant communities, where space is an important resource. Using a stochastic cellular automaton ...
... Explaining the coexistence of species that basically depend on the same resources has been a brainteaser for generations of ecologists. Different mechanisms have been proposed to facilitate coexistence in plant communities, where space is an important resource. Using a stochastic cellular automaton ...
Loss of mammalian species from the South American Gran Chaco
... mammals found there. 2. We assess the potential consequences of the loss of large and medium-sized native mammalian herbivores and frugivores on Chacoan ecosystem functioning, focusing on their role and conservation status in the Argentine Chaco. 3. Our review shows that almost 50% of the largest fr ...
... mammals found there. 2. We assess the potential consequences of the loss of large and medium-sized native mammalian herbivores and frugivores on Chacoan ecosystem functioning, focusing on their role and conservation status in the Argentine Chaco. 3. Our review shows that almost 50% of the largest fr ...
Ecological Assessment of Selenium in the Aquatic Environment
... Conceptual model depicting Se dynamics and transfer in aquatic ecosystems..............11 Hierarchy of effects across levels of biological organization..........................................12 Potential sources of Se to aquatic systems.............................................................. ...
... Conceptual model depicting Se dynamics and transfer in aquatic ecosystems..............11 Hierarchy of effects across levels of biological organization..........................................12 Potential sources of Se to aquatic systems.............................................................. ...
Community Ecology
... its living shield to use. The fish darts in and tries to bite the crab. In response, the crab tilts the spiny sea urchin toward whichever side the fish attacks. The fish eventually gives up and swims away. The “carrier crab” in Figure 54.1 clearly benefits from having the sea urchin on its back. But how ...
... its living shield to use. The fish darts in and tries to bite the crab. In response, the crab tilts the spiny sea urchin toward whichever side the fish attacks. The fish eventually gives up and swims away. The “carrier crab” in Figure 54.1 clearly benefits from having the sea urchin on its back. But how ...
Species interactions and energy transfer in aquatic food webs
... species diet uptake and trophic position are therefore needed for assessing food web dynamics. ...
... species diet uptake and trophic position are therefore needed for assessing food web dynamics. ...
does local competition increase the coexistence of species in
... outcompetes the higher-numbered species, while thick lines (panel b only) connect species pairs for which the higher-numbered species outcompetes the lower-numbered species. In the competitive-outcomes matrices, a 1 at position [i, j] means that species i outcompetes species j; a 0 means the convers ...
... outcompetes the higher-numbered species, while thick lines (panel b only) connect species pairs for which the higher-numbered species outcompetes the lower-numbered species. In the competitive-outcomes matrices, a 1 at position [i, j] means that species i outcompetes species j; a 0 means the convers ...
Environmental responses, not species interactions
... plant communities remains controversial (reviewed in Gonzalez and Loreau 2009). One source of the controversy is that quantifying the relative strengths of each driver based on the covariance matrix of species abundances (e.g., Houlahan et al. 2007) is impossible. This is because observed synchrony ...
... plant communities remains controversial (reviewed in Gonzalez and Loreau 2009). One source of the controversy is that quantifying the relative strengths of each driver based on the covariance matrix of species abundances (e.g., Houlahan et al. 2007) is impossible. This is because observed synchrony ...
Entomopathogen biodiversity increases host
... most pairings were less effective than single highly effective species. This antagonism may have resulted from negative interactions between microbes or their toxins prior to or during the infection process. In several other studies, pathogen species pairs produced simple additive effects, such that ...
... most pairings were less effective than single highly effective species. This antagonism may have resulted from negative interactions between microbes or their toxins prior to or during the infection process. In several other studies, pathogen species pairs produced simple additive effects, such that ...
Novel ecosystems in the Anthropocene
... because researchers selected the species and managed the system. However, how does one define "intensive human management"? Similarly, should indirect anthropogenic stresses such as climate change, non-point-source pollution, and acid deposition be considered as human influence, even if their effect ...
... because researchers selected the species and managed the system. However, how does one define "intensive human management"? Similarly, should indirect anthropogenic stresses such as climate change, non-point-source pollution, and acid deposition be considered as human influence, even if their effect ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.