Carrion cycling in food webs: comparisons among terrestrial and
... to information available from marine ecosystems (reviewed by Britton and Morton 1994), there are few data concerning the fate of carrion in freshwater habitats (Minshall et al. 1991). Thus, in this paper we concentrate on marine systems, particularly abyssal ecosystems which comprise 50% of the ea ...
... to information available from marine ecosystems (reviewed by Britton and Morton 1994), there are few data concerning the fate of carrion in freshwater habitats (Minshall et al. 1991). Thus, in this paper we concentrate on marine systems, particularly abyssal ecosystems which comprise 50% of the ea ...
The ecological consequences of habitat fragmentation
... fragmentation as the landscape-level phenomenon that it truly is, not as a patch-level phenomenon. Much of what the study of habitat fragmentation is concerned with today is the ecological consequences of land-use change for organisms living in networks of remnant patches surrounded by a mosaic of m ...
... fragmentation as the landscape-level phenomenon that it truly is, not as a patch-level phenomenon. Much of what the study of habitat fragmentation is concerned with today is the ecological consequences of land-use change for organisms living in networks of remnant patches surrounded by a mosaic of m ...
Changes in plant community composition, not diversity, during a
... varied significantly over time for only J (Table 1). Over time, N alone reduced S and increased J from 2006 to 2009 and as a consequence H0 increased from 2006 to 2008 (Appendix S2). The effects of P on J over time depended on the amount of P added, where in 2007 and 2008, there was higher J in plots ...
... varied significantly over time for only J (Table 1). Over time, N alone reduced S and increased J from 2006 to 2009 and as a consequence H0 increased from 2006 to 2008 (Appendix S2). The effects of P on J over time depended on the amount of P added, where in 2007 and 2008, there was higher J in plots ...
SPECIES ACCOUNT - The Nature Conservancy
... Ecological functions: American robins flourish in the semi-open conditions of residential neighborhoods, foraging on lawns as well as in more sheltered sites, feeding on fruit-bearing trees and shrubs, and nesting in a shrubs or small trees. As a common predator in these settings, robins are an impo ...
... Ecological functions: American robins flourish in the semi-open conditions of residential neighborhoods, foraging on lawns as well as in more sheltered sites, feeding on fruit-bearing trees and shrubs, and nesting in a shrubs or small trees. As a common predator in these settings, robins are an impo ...
Nordic Society Oikos
... primarily on foraging ecology. These designations were made without reference to range maps in Blakers et al. (1984), but were influenced by previous field experience with the Australian avifauna (Wiens 1991a, b). We limited our analyses to guilds that contained four or more species, to ensure adequ ...
... primarily on foraging ecology. These designations were made without reference to range maps in Blakers et al. (1984), but were influenced by previous field experience with the Australian avifauna (Wiens 1991a, b). We limited our analyses to guilds that contained four or more species, to ensure adequ ...
“balance of nature” metaphor
... has appropriate states to which it should return, and these states are perceived as the “natural” outcome even if their occurrence would contradict either theoretical predictions or existing data on predator–prey dynamics. For example, it is often assumed that predators “control” herbivores, rather ...
... has appropriate states to which it should return, and these states are perceived as the “natural” outcome even if their occurrence would contradict either theoretical predictions or existing data on predator–prey dynamics. For example, it is often assumed that predators “control” herbivores, rather ...
Biodiversity and Management of Natural Resources
... (Miller et al. 1989). These figures do not include either strictly marine fish (Upton 1992, this issue) or distinct stocks of anadromous species. Recently, Nehlsen et al. (1991) listed 214 native, naturally-spawning stocks of Pacific salmon, steelhead, and sea-run cutthroat at risk in Oregon, Calif ...
... (Miller et al. 1989). These figures do not include either strictly marine fish (Upton 1992, this issue) or distinct stocks of anadromous species. Recently, Nehlsen et al. (1991) listed 214 native, naturally-spawning stocks of Pacific salmon, steelhead, and sea-run cutthroat at risk in Oregon, Calif ...
The coexistence of species - Revista Chilena de Historia Natural
... size are prevalent in the literature, including wellknown patterns of constant size ratios among ecologically-similar coexisting species (Hutchinson 1959, Horn & May 1977). This suggests that many of the niche axes that provide a basis for niche separation in nature are not commonly measured in reso ...
... size are prevalent in the literature, including wellknown patterns of constant size ratios among ecologically-similar coexisting species (Hutchinson 1959, Horn & May 1977). This suggests that many of the niche axes that provide a basis for niche separation in nature are not commonly measured in reso ...
Terrestrial Animals and Aquatic Invertebrates
... PABITRA network have as complete a faunal inventory as possible. However, even in this simple case, which generally produces only presence-absence and crude relative abundance data at a single point in time, careful thought must be given to sampling different areas and vegetation types with equal in ...
... PABITRA network have as complete a faunal inventory as possible. However, even in this simple case, which generally produces only presence-absence and crude relative abundance data at a single point in time, careful thought must be given to sampling different areas and vegetation types with equal in ...
Wildlife Encounters by Lewis and Clark
... Others have studied the Lewis and Clark journals with regard to wildlife. Martin and Szuter (1999a) examined Lewis and Clark’s wildlife observations on a broad scale, labeling areas where wildlife was abundant and humans were not as “war zones” and areas with abundant humans and less wildlife as “ga ...
... Others have studied the Lewis and Clark journals with regard to wildlife. Martin and Szuter (1999a) examined Lewis and Clark’s wildlife observations on a broad scale, labeling areas where wildlife was abundant and humans were not as “war zones” and areas with abundant humans and less wildlife as “ga ...
Parasitoid Wasps, Natural Enemies of Insects
... Research. Neotropical Entomology 33 (3): 271-281. [It brings to our attention the excellent research done in Brazil on Trichogramma, from basic research in the laboratory to applied experiences in field conditions]. Quicke, D. L. J. 1997. Parasitic wasps. Chapman & Hall, Uk. 470 pp. [Excellent contr ...
... Research. Neotropical Entomology 33 (3): 271-281. [It brings to our attention the excellent research done in Brazil on Trichogramma, from basic research in the laboratory to applied experiences in field conditions]. Quicke, D. L. J. 1997. Parasitic wasps. Chapman & Hall, Uk. 470 pp. [Excellent contr ...
Introduced Species Management in Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte
... though few individuals were introduced, they have flourished without competition or predation. Hunting statistics over a 20-year period (1976–1996) indicate that >34,000 animals have been harvested, in addition to food gathering by the Haida Nation (Laskeek Bay Conservation Society 1998). While the ...
... though few individuals were introduced, they have flourished without competition or predation. Hunting statistics over a 20-year period (1976–1996) indicate that >34,000 animals have been harvested, in addition to food gathering by the Haida Nation (Laskeek Bay Conservation Society 1998). While the ...
1 Breeding Phenology of an Amphibian Community in a Mediterranean Area
... a large time overlap during the larval phase was observed among species. Three showed (A. obstetricans, P. punctatus and R. perezi) over-wintering tadpoles. Here we discuss temporal segregation, the differences in the breeding strategies among species, and variable conditions among years as factors ...
... a large time overlap during the larval phase was observed among species. Three showed (A. obstetricans, P. punctatus and R. perezi) over-wintering tadpoles. Here we discuss temporal segregation, the differences in the breeding strategies among species, and variable conditions among years as factors ...
Final Draft
... amount of accumulated organic matter found in an area at a given time is the standing crop biomass. Like production, biomass is usually expressed as g/ m2 or as Cal/m2. Biomass differs from productivity; biomass is the amount present at any given time. Productivity is the rate at which organic matt ...
... amount of accumulated organic matter found in an area at a given time is the standing crop biomass. Like production, biomass is usually expressed as g/ m2 or as Cal/m2. Biomass differs from productivity; biomass is the amount present at any given time. Productivity is the rate at which organic matt ...
LAB . NATURAL SELECTION
... reproduces or fails to reproduce because of its characteristics. When more individuals with a particular trait survive then the overall population will change over time — it will be made up of more and more individuals with that successful characteristic. This change over time in the population is e ...
... reproduces or fails to reproduce because of its characteristics. When more individuals with a particular trait survive then the overall population will change over time — it will be made up of more and more individuals with that successful characteristic. This change over time in the population is e ...
Imperio et al 2012_Oikos
... the key factors influencing changes in population numbers. Thus, we expect negative effects of intra-specific competition and spring-summer drought on the population growth rates of all species, through a negative influence on fecundity of primiparous females. For polycotous species showing sharp va ...
... the key factors influencing changes in population numbers. Thus, we expect negative effects of intra-specific competition and spring-summer drought on the population growth rates of all species, through a negative influence on fecundity of primiparous females. For polycotous species showing sharp va ...
PREDATORS, INVISIBLE PREY, AND THE NATURE OF
... cladocerans can affect the rate of predation by planktivorous fish. Based on these experiments and other measurements a “visibility hypothesis” is proposed to explain the differential predation rates on C. corntiu. Further data suggest that this same visibility phenomenon applies to other polymorphi ...
... cladocerans can affect the rate of predation by planktivorous fish. Based on these experiments and other measurements a “visibility hypothesis” is proposed to explain the differential predation rates on C. corntiu. Further data suggest that this same visibility phenomenon applies to other polymorphi ...
pdf. - Robert Colwell
... Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 2012.43:183-203. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by 96.32.40.162 on 12/10/12. For personal use only. ...
... Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 2012.43:183-203. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by 96.32.40.162 on 12/10/12. For personal use only. ...
Climate Change and Fish Communities: A Conceptual Framework
... have begun to incorporate this knowledge into population-level relations that can be used to assess possible effects of climatic warming on fishes and their habitats. However, the problem of extrapolating these or other relations to multispecies assemblages is not straightforward, given the complexi ...
... have begun to incorporate this knowledge into population-level relations that can be used to assess possible effects of climatic warming on fishes and their habitats. However, the problem of extrapolating these or other relations to multispecies assemblages is not straightforward, given the complexi ...
Consumer trophic diversity as a fundamental mechanism linking
... influence of consumer trophic diversity on the ability of predators to elicit a trophic cascade and affect ecosystem functioning. We measured two ecosystem processes, primary production and litter decomposition, in response to a factorial manipulation of food web structure. Treatments included the pr ...
... influence of consumer trophic diversity on the ability of predators to elicit a trophic cascade and affect ecosystem functioning. We measured two ecosystem processes, primary production and litter decomposition, in response to a factorial manipulation of food web structure. Treatments included the pr ...
The Life of a Marsh
... moves inland from the ocean toward freshwater environments. As coastal wetlands disappear, they provide less protection from ocean water moving inland. This increases the level of salt in waters upstream. The building of navigational channels, or waterways, from the Gulf of Mexico through the wetlan ...
... moves inland from the ocean toward freshwater environments. As coastal wetlands disappear, they provide less protection from ocean water moving inland. This increases the level of salt in waters upstream. The building of navigational channels, or waterways, from the Gulf of Mexico through the wetlan ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.