Towards an Evolutionary Model of Animal-Associated
... We define the primary evolutionary pressures as those that occur intraspecifically, driving evolutionary trajectories of each microbial species. A microbial species is not clonal, but rather a species is represented by a broad spectrum of genetic variants that radiate from a central clonalgenotype. ...
... We define the primary evolutionary pressures as those that occur intraspecifically, driving evolutionary trajectories of each microbial species. A microbial species is not clonal, but rather a species is represented by a broad spectrum of genetic variants that radiate from a central clonalgenotype. ...
Regional adaptation improves the performance of grassland plant
... Baden-Württemberg (BW) and Bavarian prealps (BA) in Germany, north-eastern Switzerland (CH) and southern Great Britain (GB). The suppliers guaranteed regional origin of the seed material and that species had not been changed by breeding because commercial production of plants can impose selection on ...
... Baden-Württemberg (BW) and Bavarian prealps (BA) in Germany, north-eastern Switzerland (CH) and southern Great Britain (GB). The suppliers guaranteed regional origin of the seed material and that species had not been changed by breeding because commercial production of plants can impose selection on ...
1 2 Within plant interspecific competition does not limit the highly
... fact, competitively inferior to the congeneric F. tritici (Fitch), a species endemic to most ...
... fact, competitively inferior to the congeneric F. tritici (Fitch), a species endemic to most ...
Declining interspecific competition during character displacement
... We used a pond experiment with threespine sticklebacks to test a simple prediction of character displacement: that competition intensity should decline with time. The sticklebacks of interest inhabit small post-Pleistocene lakes of coastal southwestern British Columbia, Canada, and exhibit a pattern ...
... We used a pond experiment with threespine sticklebacks to test a simple prediction of character displacement: that competition intensity should decline with time. The sticklebacks of interest inhabit small post-Pleistocene lakes of coastal southwestern British Columbia, Canada, and exhibit a pattern ...
Microbial Growth on Surfaces
... subject to rapid change, both spatially and temporally Resources in natural environments are highly variable and many microbes in nature face a feast-or-famine existence Growth rates of microbes in nature are usually well below maximum growth rates defined in the laboratory Competition and coo ...
... subject to rapid change, both spatially and temporally Resources in natural environments are highly variable and many microbes in nature face a feast-or-famine existence Growth rates of microbes in nature are usually well below maximum growth rates defined in the laboratory Competition and coo ...
Ecology and evolution
... to be 20 inches (50 cm) long and lay 200,000 eggs per day. (5) Pinworms migrate outside the colon during the night to lay their eggs around the anus. This causes the nightly itching of many unsuspecting victims. ...
... to be 20 inches (50 cm) long and lay 200,000 eggs per day. (5) Pinworms migrate outside the colon during the night to lay their eggs around the anus. This causes the nightly itching of many unsuspecting victims. ...
Ecosystem Health of Large Lakes - Great Lakes Fishery Commission
... of sea lamprey and 3) institutional/stakeholder partnerships; and the commission’s vision establishes milestones for all three statements. However, in contrast, to the milestones for sea lamprey management that are quantitatively expressed and specify activities and geographic areas for attention or ...
... of sea lamprey and 3) institutional/stakeholder partnerships; and the commission’s vision establishes milestones for all three statements. However, in contrast, to the milestones for sea lamprey management that are quantitatively expressed and specify activities and geographic areas for attention or ...
File - Cook Biology
... Concept 56.3: Landscape and regional conservation aim to sustain entire biotas • Conservation biology has attempted to sustain the biodiversity of entire communities, ecosystems, and landscapes • Ecosystem management is part of landscape ecology, which seeks to make biodiversity conservation part o ...
... Concept 56.3: Landscape and regional conservation aim to sustain entire biotas • Conservation biology has attempted to sustain the biodiversity of entire communities, ecosystems, and landscapes • Ecosystem management is part of landscape ecology, which seeks to make biodiversity conservation part o ...
How many parasites? - Princeton University
... et al. (13) estimated that in groupers (Epinephelinae)—one of the largest and most common groups of marine fish—parasitic trematodes have been recorded from only 62 of the 159 species, and from only 9 of 15 genera. The absences reflect a paucity of sampling; most species were examined at only one lo ...
... et al. (13) estimated that in groupers (Epinephelinae)—one of the largest and most common groups of marine fish—parasitic trematodes have been recorded from only 62 of the 159 species, and from only 9 of 15 genera. The absences reflect a paucity of sampling; most species were examined at only one lo ...
The Nonconcept of Species Diversity: A Critique and Alternative
... as complaints that the weight of a tree is an inade- a printed page and individuals in a community. Alquate measure because it is insensitive to the tree's though these information theoretic indices have been functionally important leaves. Diversity indices do examined and applied to ecological prob ...
... as complaints that the weight of a tree is an inade- a printed page and individuals in a community. Alquate measure because it is insensitive to the tree's though these information theoretic indices have been functionally important leaves. Diversity indices do examined and applied to ecological prob ...
succession - Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
... referred to all vegetation change as succession. Succession includes a series of compositional and structural changes, often in a directional manner. The common occurrence of natural disturbances coupled with the extent of human activity on the planet makes succession one of the most ubiquitous ecol ...
... referred to all vegetation change as succession. Succession includes a series of compositional and structural changes, often in a directional manner. The common occurrence of natural disturbances coupled with the extent of human activity on the planet makes succession one of the most ubiquitous ecol ...
Energy, Density, and Constraints to Species Richness: Ant
... by resources and predators. This produces a signature stairstep of biomass and density along a productivity gradient (e.g., Kauzinger and Morin 1998). Likewise, abiotic factors have been linked, not just to plant productivity, but to the ability of consumers to harvest productivity (Andrewartha and ...
... by resources and predators. This produces a signature stairstep of biomass and density along a productivity gradient (e.g., Kauzinger and Morin 1998). Likewise, abiotic factors have been linked, not just to plant productivity, but to the ability of consumers to harvest productivity (Andrewartha and ...
ECOLOGICAL MECHANISMS LINKING PROTECTED AREAS TO
... for identifying scientifically based management alternatives. We first present a conceptual model of protected areas embedded within larger ecosystems that often include surrounding human land use. Drawing on case studies in this Invited Feature, we then explore a comprehensive set of ecological mecha ...
... for identifying scientifically based management alternatives. We first present a conceptual model of protected areas embedded within larger ecosystems that often include surrounding human land use. Drawing on case studies in this Invited Feature, we then explore a comprehensive set of ecological mecha ...
Interactions of Life Practice Test 2011 Answer Section
... d. The wolf population will experience less competition within their own species. c. grass d. wolf ...
... d. The wolf population will experience less competition within their own species. c. grass d. wolf ...
Effect of an exotic prey on the feeding pattern of a predatory snail
... Ruiz, Dean, Shirley, Maron, & Connors, 2000; Shiganova, 1998). However, the impact of most non-indigenous species remains unknown, and the predictability of their direct and indirect effects remains uncertain (Ruiz, Carlton, Grosholz, & Hines, 1997). One such impact can be a change in the feeding pat ...
... Ruiz, Dean, Shirley, Maron, & Connors, 2000; Shiganova, 1998). However, the impact of most non-indigenous species remains unknown, and the predictability of their direct and indirect effects remains uncertain (Ruiz, Carlton, Grosholz, & Hines, 1997). One such impact can be a change in the feeding pat ...
The Common Buzzard - Scottish Natural Heritage
... medium sized bird of prey, weighing between about 750g and 1.1 kg. It has a relatively large body, broad wings and a fan shaped tail. The plumage is highly variable, ranging from very dark brown to rarely, almost entirely white individuals. It is now found widely throughout the United Kingdom and Eu ...
... medium sized bird of prey, weighing between about 750g and 1.1 kg. It has a relatively large body, broad wings and a fan shaped tail. The plumage is highly variable, ranging from very dark brown to rarely, almost entirely white individuals. It is now found widely throughout the United Kingdom and Eu ...
Mean-Variance Analysis in Portfolio Choice and Capital Markets. Frank J. Brochure
... the general mean–variance efficient set problem in 1956 and presented it in the appendix to his 1959 book, Portfolio Selection. Though certain special cases of the general model have become widely known, both in academia and among managers of large institutional portfolios, the characteristics of th ...
... the general mean–variance efficient set problem in 1956 and presented it in the appendix to his 1959 book, Portfolio Selection. Though certain special cases of the general model have become widely known, both in academia and among managers of large institutional portfolios, the characteristics of th ...
Download as PDF
... Figure 2: Sampling locations of zooplankton from eastern Australia and Tasmania................. 9 Figure 3: Distance to Nearest Neighbour (Divergance %) between different zooplankton species ............................................................................................................ ...
... Figure 2: Sampling locations of zooplankton from eastern Australia and Tasmania................. 9 Figure 3: Distance to Nearest Neighbour (Divergance %) between different zooplankton species ............................................................................................................ ...
260 KB - Hawaii Biological Survey
... (goby and mullet) used as examples in this article are appealing because of their cultural and economic importance. Each fish group includes native species of cultural and economic interest. The mechanistic factors influencing algal communities also influence the distribution of native fishes. Both ...
... (goby and mullet) used as examples in this article are appealing because of their cultural and economic importance. Each fish group includes native species of cultural and economic interest. The mechanistic factors influencing algal communities also influence the distribution of native fishes. Both ...
Overgrazing their welcome
... he greatest ecological problem facing the inland desert of the United Arab Emirates is excess grazing. Camels are the main cause in Dubai, though horses also contribute, and both goats and wild donkeys are a serious problem in other emirates. Overgrazing does much more damage than just reducing the ...
... he greatest ecological problem facing the inland desert of the United Arab Emirates is excess grazing. Camels are the main cause in Dubai, though horses also contribute, and both goats and wild donkeys are a serious problem in other emirates. Overgrazing does much more damage than just reducing the ...
Interspecific Communication
... that provide a receiver with information about the heterospecific sender, which includes the sender’s aggressive intentions in the case of interspecific aggression, territorial status, which can be important in the case of interspecific competition (undoubtedly a common interaction among animals), s ...
... that provide a receiver with information about the heterospecific sender, which includes the sender’s aggressive intentions in the case of interspecific aggression, territorial status, which can be important in the case of interspecific competition (undoubtedly a common interaction among animals), s ...
THE ROLE OF ABOVE-AND BELOWGROUND LINKAGES IN
... 11. Heemsbergen, D.A., Berg, M.P., Loreau, M., van Haj, J.R. ., Faber, J.H. and Verhoef, H.A. (2004). Biodiversity effects on soil processes explained by interspecific functional dissimilarity. Science 306: 1019-1020. [This study demonstrates the importance of decomposer functional diversity as oppo ...
... 11. Heemsbergen, D.A., Berg, M.P., Loreau, M., van Haj, J.R. ., Faber, J.H. and Verhoef, H.A. (2004). Biodiversity effects on soil processes explained by interspecific functional dissimilarity. Science 306: 1019-1020. [This study demonstrates the importance of decomposer functional diversity as oppo ...
Hillebrand et al. 2008 Ecology - NCEAS
... and greater importance of interspecific ones for rare species. Assuming species compete for a single resource, populations largely regulated by intraspecific interactions will exhibit dynamics predicted by basic logistic growth models and grow to some carrying capacity. Those experiencing stronger i ...
... and greater importance of interspecific ones for rare species. Assuming species compete for a single resource, populations largely regulated by intraspecific interactions will exhibit dynamics predicted by basic logistic growth models and grow to some carrying capacity. Those experiencing stronger i ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.