106KB - NZQA
... base sequence of DNA. Variation of alleles / phenotypes exists in populations. Individuals with better adapted phenotypes will have increased fitness compared to less suited individuals, so are more likely to reproduce and pass on their favourable alleles. Favourable alleles will increase in frequen ...
... base sequence of DNA. Variation of alleles / phenotypes exists in populations. Individuals with better adapted phenotypes will have increased fitness compared to less suited individuals, so are more likely to reproduce and pass on their favourable alleles. Favourable alleles will increase in frequen ...
NCEA Level 3 Biology (91605) 2016
... base sequence of DNA. Variation of alleles / phenotypes exists in populations. Individuals with better adapted phenotypes will have increased fitness compared to less suited individuals, so are more likely to reproduce and pass on their favourable alleles. Favourable alleles will increase in frequen ...
... base sequence of DNA. Variation of alleles / phenotypes exists in populations. Individuals with better adapted phenotypes will have increased fitness compared to less suited individuals, so are more likely to reproduce and pass on their favourable alleles. Favourable alleles will increase in frequen ...
Emerging Issues Regarding Non-Native Species for Aquaculture
... most important sport fish in the U.S., is cultured by agencies and commercial aquaculture producers for stocking in public and private waters. Traditionally, taxonomists classified this species into two subspecies—the northern largemouth bass (M. s. salmoides), which is native to much of the eastern ...
... most important sport fish in the U.S., is cultured by agencies and commercial aquaculture producers for stocking in public and private waters. Traditionally, taxonomists classified this species into two subspecies—the northern largemouth bass (M. s. salmoides), which is native to much of the eastern ...
What is an Invasive Species?
... Recent studies indicated that alien species differ from natives in their relationships with organisms of other trophic levels (Chittka and Schürkens, 2001; Klironomos, 2002); this can provide them with competitive advantages during invasion. This article focuses largely on alien species, but it is n ...
... Recent studies indicated that alien species differ from natives in their relationships with organisms of other trophic levels (Chittka and Schürkens, 2001; Klironomos, 2002); this can provide them with competitive advantages during invasion. This article focuses largely on alien species, but it is n ...
01- arruda
... The maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) and the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) are two South American canids with large overlap in their geographic distribution. However, there are few data on the comparative ecology of these species. The aim of this research was to quantify the diet of these two ...
... The maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) and the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) are two South American canids with large overlap in their geographic distribution. However, there are few data on the comparative ecology of these species. The aim of this research was to quantify the diet of these two ...
6-3 Biodiversity
... Extinction occurs when a species disappears from all or part of its range. A species whose population size is declining in a way that places it in danger of extinction is called an endangered species. As the population of an endangered species declines, the species loses genetic diversity. ...
... Extinction occurs when a species disappears from all or part of its range. A species whose population size is declining in a way that places it in danger of extinction is called an endangered species. As the population of an endangered species declines, the species loses genetic diversity. ...
The effects of invasive North American beavers on riparian plant
... Venegas, 1980). Furthermore, these forests naturally regenerate from sapling banks in a gap dynamic, since seed banks do not persist for long periods in these soils and vegetative reproduction is rare (Cuevas and Arroyo, 1999). Also Nothofagus forests in general have problems regenerating when under ...
... Venegas, 1980). Furthermore, these forests naturally regenerate from sapling banks in a gap dynamic, since seed banks do not persist for long periods in these soils and vegetative reproduction is rare (Cuevas and Arroyo, 1999). Also Nothofagus forests in general have problems regenerating when under ...
distribution and temporal variation of the benthic fauna in a tidal flat
... There are also reports from the Chilean portion of the Strait of Magellan that contribute to the knowledge of those organisms in the region and that allow us to make comparisons at a regional scale (Espoz et al., 2008). The Río Gallegos estuary is located in the province of Santa Cruz, southern Pata ...
... There are also reports from the Chilean portion of the Strait of Magellan that contribute to the knowledge of those organisms in the region and that allow us to make comparisons at a regional scale (Espoz et al., 2008). The Río Gallegos estuary is located in the province of Santa Cruz, southern Pata ...
Estimating Site Occupancy for Four Threatened Mammals in
... grid-cell. Cameras were located in places identified by local survey teams as having a high probability of detecting large mammals—these were generally along animal trails and rivers. All camera trap units were programmed to take a three-picture burst when triggered and each photograph was stamped w ...
... grid-cell. Cameras were located in places identified by local survey teams as having a high probability of detecting large mammals—these were generally along animal trails and rivers. All camera trap units were programmed to take a three-picture burst when triggered and each photograph was stamped w ...
building a regional species pool: diversification of the
... allied to E. boreale (M. L. May, personal communication, and M. A. McPeek, personal observations), a lineage that recently invaded Asia from North America. Enallagma species diversity is high in eastern North America and declines as one moves west across the continent (Fig. 1). Two centers of divers ...
... allied to E. boreale (M. L. May, personal communication, and M. A. McPeek, personal observations), a lineage that recently invaded Asia from North America. Enallagma species diversity is high in eastern North America and declines as one moves west across the continent (Fig. 1). Two centers of divers ...
Patterns of plants species diversity following local extinction of the
... or reduce species richness by causing local extinction of forage species (Waser & Price, 1981; Bowers, 1993; Heske et al., 1993; Kelt & Valone, 1995). The outcome of plant]herbivore interactions depends on the density and distribution of herbivores and on biotic]abiotic interactions. Species such as ...
... or reduce species richness by causing local extinction of forage species (Waser & Price, 1981; Bowers, 1993; Heske et al., 1993; Kelt & Valone, 1995). The outcome of plant]herbivore interactions depends on the density and distribution of herbivores and on biotic]abiotic interactions. Species such as ...
Journal of Arachnology
... among live ones. This novel natural history in a spider adds an arachnid model to the growing literature on animal masquerade. Keywords: ...
... among live ones. This novel natural history in a spider adds an arachnid model to the growing literature on animal masquerade. Keywords: ...
Should Extinction Be Forever
... The natural world also does not have goals or aims, so it to “playing God” and that it represents excessive pride of cannot be wronged by the extinction of species (Sandler the human race that could lead to our downfall (Sandler 2013). The concept of right and wrong is a human con2013). If we are no ...
... The natural world also does not have goals or aims, so it to “playing God” and that it represents excessive pride of cannot be wronged by the extinction of species (Sandler the human race that could lead to our downfall (Sandler 2013). The concept of right and wrong is a human con2013). If we are no ...
A discrete time population genetic model for X
... parameters, such as subject’s age, sex or health conditions with respect to a disease. The model dynamics describes the distribution of the population over time according to the chosen parameters ([11], [12]). Population dynamic models differ depending on assumptions regarding population size and ma ...
... parameters, such as subject’s age, sex or health conditions with respect to a disease. The model dynamics describes the distribution of the population over time according to the chosen parameters ([11], [12]). Population dynamic models differ depending on assumptions regarding population size and ma ...
Geographic variation in North American gypsy moth cycles
... Several of these species exhibit geographical variation in both the strength of periodic behavior and the frequency of cycles. The mathematical models used to describe the population dynamics of such species commonly predict that gradual variation in the underlying ecological mechanisms may lead to ...
... Several of these species exhibit geographical variation in both the strength of periodic behavior and the frequency of cycles. The mathematical models used to describe the population dynamics of such species commonly predict that gradual variation in the underlying ecological mechanisms may lead to ...
Population size
... How is it that vultures can live on a diet of carrion that would at least lead to severe food-poisoning, and more likely kill most other animals? When vultures eat lunch they happily strip the rotting carcasses they find back to the bone. And if, however, the animal's hide is too tough to easily pie ...
... How is it that vultures can live on a diet of carrion that would at least lead to severe food-poisoning, and more likely kill most other animals? When vultures eat lunch they happily strip the rotting carcasses they find back to the bone. And if, however, the animal's hide is too tough to easily pie ...
SPECIES-AREA RELATIONSHIPS SPECIES-AREA REL.ATIONSHIPS
... Numbers indicate different islands (1 = Christmas Island, 23 =New Guinea). Note the logarithmic transformation of both axes. Data such as these were used to support the equilibrium model, although other models may account for the species-area relationship as well. From MacArthur and Wilson (1963), w ...
... Numbers indicate different islands (1 = Christmas Island, 23 =New Guinea). Note the logarithmic transformation of both axes. Data such as these were used to support the equilibrium model, although other models may account for the species-area relationship as well. From MacArthur and Wilson (1963), w ...
Bioeconomics and biodiversity in harvested metacommunities: a
... which we exploit to facilitate analysis over these broad ranges of ecological and economic parameters and relationships, comes in the form of strong assumptions. For instance, we assume that harvesters do not know the state of any particular patch—including one that they just harvested. Harvester av ...
... which we exploit to facilitate analysis over these broad ranges of ecological and economic parameters and relationships, comes in the form of strong assumptions. For instance, we assume that harvesters do not know the state of any particular patch—including one that they just harvested. Harvester av ...
Modeling the Boundaries of Plant Ecotones of Mountain Ecosystems
... transitions is boiling of liquids, when, upon reaching the boiling point (100 ◦ C for water), the density of the substance changes discontinuously, and liquid turns into gas. During second-order phase transitions, the properties of the object change gradually. A characteristic example of the second- ...
... transitions is boiling of liquids, when, upon reaching the boiling point (100 ◦ C for water), the density of the substance changes discontinuously, and liquid turns into gas. During second-order phase transitions, the properties of the object change gradually. A characteristic example of the second- ...
Great Basin naturalist memoirs
... ing the relative importance of predation and harvest efficiency in shaping characteristics of heteromyid communities, although authors often invoke one or the other factor exclusively to explain microhabitat preferences or ...
... ing the relative importance of predation and harvest efficiency in shaping characteristics of heteromyid communities, although authors often invoke one or the other factor exclusively to explain microhabitat preferences or ...
American Journal of Botan
... 2009). Habitat fragments can be represented as nodes in a spatial network connected via species dispersal to model connectivity at multiple spatial scales (Cumming et al., 2010; Dale and Fortin, 2010). These spatial habitat networks integrate several key spatial components of habitat fragmentation i ...
... 2009). Habitat fragments can be represented as nodes in a spatial network connected via species dispersal to model connectivity at multiple spatial scales (Cumming et al., 2010; Dale and Fortin, 2010). These spatial habitat networks integrate several key spatial components of habitat fragmentation i ...
Managing for ecosystem services Lowland Agriculture
... in the UK also found that game cover crops close to hedges were favoured by farmland birds, though maize was not used by many species 3. Beetle assemblages were analysed with respect to the vegetation structure and species composition of field margins in England 4. Tussock grasses and forbs would be ...
... in the UK also found that game cover crops close to hedges were favoured by farmland birds, though maize was not used by many species 3. Beetle assemblages were analysed with respect to the vegetation structure and species composition of field margins in England 4. Tussock grasses and forbs would be ...
1 2 Within plant interspecific competition does not limit the highly
... fact, competitively inferior to the congeneric F. tritici (Fitch), a species endemic to most ...
... fact, competitively inferior to the congeneric F. tritici (Fitch), a species endemic to most ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.