habitat and landscape characteristics underlying anuran
... et al. 1999, Marsh 2001, Marsh and Trenham 2001). Because anurans live only a few years at most (Lannoo 1998), the ability of juveniles to disperse readily through the matrix among breeding sites is critical to a ...
... et al. 1999, Marsh 2001, Marsh and Trenham 2001). Because anurans live only a few years at most (Lannoo 1998), the ability of juveniles to disperse readily through the matrix among breeding sites is critical to a ...
Habitat diversity and species diversity: testing the
... environmental axes (Birch 1957, Park 1962, May 1975). A species’ ‘‘fundamental’’ niche is a volume within a multidimensional space whose axes are different abiotic and biotic conditions (Hutchinson 1957). Species may compete for habitat and resources, resources but not habitat, or habitat but not re ...
... environmental axes (Birch 1957, Park 1962, May 1975). A species’ ‘‘fundamental’’ niche is a volume within a multidimensional space whose axes are different abiotic and biotic conditions (Hutchinson 1957). Species may compete for habitat and resources, resources but not habitat, or habitat but not re ...
PRIMARY PRODUCTION AND ENERGY FLOW
... led to reduced rates of primary production In absence of planktivorous minnows, ...
... led to reduced rates of primary production In absence of planktivorous minnows, ...
The Ecosystem Game
... students to learn the basics of the game) During this first three roles of the dice the teacher may decide to wait for card selection until after three roles of the dice. Remember each turn includes the role of the dice and or selection of a card, the carrying out the directions of the card, recalcu ...
... students to learn the basics of the game) During this first three roles of the dice the teacher may decide to wait for card selection until after three roles of the dice. Remember each turn includes the role of the dice and or selection of a card, the carrying out the directions of the card, recalcu ...
PDF Version
... The “predation event” was the sample unit for the present study and included any component of a detection (based on visually identified changes in predator behavior with regard to orientation toward potential prey), stalk, attack, and capture sequence (sensu Lima and Dill 1990). Some events were ide ...
... The “predation event” was the sample unit for the present study and included any component of a detection (based on visually identified changes in predator behavior with regard to orientation toward potential prey), stalk, attack, and capture sequence (sensu Lima and Dill 1990). Some events were ide ...
This article discusses the various hypotheses proposed to explain
... produced and maintained. Using tropical rainforests and coral reefs as examples, Connell concludes that local diversity is maintained primarily by disturbances that are both moderate in size and frequency. This classic paper has served as the base from which other researchers have been able to branc ...
... produced and maintained. Using tropical rainforests and coral reefs as examples, Connell concludes that local diversity is maintained primarily by disturbances that are both moderate in size and frequency. This classic paper has served as the base from which other researchers have been able to branc ...
A test of alternative models of diversification in tropical rainforests
... in the closed forest sites (21 vs. 4; Fisher’s exact test, P ⬍ 0.001). This result is consistent with our prediction that bird predation is greater in the open forest, and it supports the notion that higher risk of mortality in open forest may be driving the difference in size at sexual maturity bet ...
... in the closed forest sites (21 vs. 4; Fisher’s exact test, P ⬍ 0.001). This result is consistent with our prediction that bird predation is greater in the open forest, and it supports the notion that higher risk of mortality in open forest may be driving the difference in size at sexual maturity bet ...
Root Dynamics of Cultivar and NonCultivar Population
... Dominance of warm-season grasses modulates tallgrass prairie ecosystem structure and function. Reintroduction of these grasses is a widespread practice to conserve soil and restore prairie ecosystems degraded from human land use changes. Seed sources for reintroduction of dominant prairie grass spec ...
... Dominance of warm-season grasses modulates tallgrass prairie ecosystem structure and function. Reintroduction of these grasses is a widespread practice to conserve soil and restore prairie ecosystems degraded from human land use changes. Seed sources for reintroduction of dominant prairie grass spec ...
red-tailed hawk populations and ecology in east
... subsequent years, winter populations of these species were estimated by the car-count method (Craighead and Craighead, 1956). A 45.mile transect was driven by two observers on two or three closely spaced afternoons between mid-January and mid-February. Counts were made on snow-covered ground, with w ...
... subsequent years, winter populations of these species were estimated by the car-count method (Craighead and Craighead, 1956). A 45.mile transect was driven by two observers on two or three closely spaced afternoons between mid-January and mid-February. Counts were made on snow-covered ground, with w ...
Priority effects: natives, but not exotics, pay to arrive late
... USA) in the glasshouse in early June 2014. These seedlings were assembled into mesocosm-based communities contained in 18.5 cm (height) 9 25 cm (diameter) pots on potting soil in one of two basic planting treatments. In ‘ordered’ treatments, we planted a single 4-week-old seedling of each of four sp ...
... USA) in the glasshouse in early June 2014. These seedlings were assembled into mesocosm-based communities contained in 18.5 cm (height) 9 25 cm (diameter) pots on potting soil in one of two basic planting treatments. In ‘ordered’ treatments, we planted a single 4-week-old seedling of each of four sp ...
The growth–mortality tradeoff: evidence from anuran
... the case because species may exhibit very diVerent patterns of allocation of assimilated energy to body functions other than growth such as maintenance, defense, storage, and reproduction (Arendt 1997). It is therefore critical to determine the relationships between sub-individual traits and individ ...
... the case because species may exhibit very diVerent patterns of allocation of assimilated energy to body functions other than growth such as maintenance, defense, storage, and reproduction (Arendt 1997). It is therefore critical to determine the relationships between sub-individual traits and individ ...
Summer feeding relationships of the co
... %Fi = (Ni / N).100 %Ai = (∑Si / ∑St).100 where Si is the alimentary tract content (number) composed by prey i, and St the total alimentary tract content of all alimentary tract in the entire sample. In addition, the use of the Shannon-Weaver diversity index H’ = -∑(Si / St) . ln (Si / St) provides ...
... %Fi = (Ni / N).100 %Ai = (∑Si / ∑St).100 where Si is the alimentary tract content (number) composed by prey i, and St the total alimentary tract content of all alimentary tract in the entire sample. In addition, the use of the Shannon-Weaver diversity index H’ = -∑(Si / St) . ln (Si / St) provides ...
article in press
... whether individuals with simpler colour patterns bear a more efficient warning signal and are, therefore, better at training predators. If so, this would explain why individuals with simpler colour patterns would venture to invade new environments rapidly. From the predator point of view, the questio ...
... whether individuals with simpler colour patterns bear a more efficient warning signal and are, therefore, better at training predators. If so, this would explain why individuals with simpler colour patterns would venture to invade new environments rapidly. From the predator point of view, the questio ...
The population growth and control of African elephants in Kruger
... 2008). From the perspective of genetic diversity, this means that either conservationists must transfer individuals between parks for breeding to ensure genetic diversity or larger spaces for parks must be obtained. Because of the enclosed nature of the wildlife preserves in which elephants reside, ...
... 2008). From the perspective of genetic diversity, this means that either conservationists must transfer individuals between parks for breeding to ensure genetic diversity or larger spaces for parks must be obtained. Because of the enclosed nature of the wildlife preserves in which elephants reside, ...
Ecology 4.1, 4.2, 5.1 Slides
... A niche is the full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which the organism uses those conditions. ...
... A niche is the full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which the organism uses those conditions. ...
Parasites, ecosystems and sustainability: an ecological and complex
... problem in understanding the behaviour of ecosystems is explaining the operation of cross-scale influences. Obviously, highly local and short-term events such as the infection of a single host organism, or base-pair substitution in a single genome resulting in increased infectivity or pathogenicity ...
... problem in understanding the behaviour of ecosystems is explaining the operation of cross-scale influences. Obviously, highly local and short-term events such as the infection of a single host organism, or base-pair substitution in a single genome resulting in increased infectivity or pathogenicity ...
Diversity effects on production in different light and fertility
... to keep Fagopyrum esculentum from falling into neighbouring plots. I established plant communities of different composition and richness by sowing seed in two cohorts during the growing season. Total live seed mass was held constant between plots at 8 g per seed addition (16 g added total) in a repl ...
... to keep Fagopyrum esculentum from falling into neighbouring plots. I established plant communities of different composition and richness by sowing seed in two cohorts during the growing season. Total live seed mass was held constant between plots at 8 g per seed addition (16 g added total) in a repl ...
Habitat Loss and Fragmentation - Arkansas Forest Resources Center
... primary causes of species extinctions worldwide (Wilcox and Murphy, 1985; Rosenberg and Raphael, 1986; Simberloff, 1986). Fragmentation occurs when a formerly contiguous landscape is subdivided into smaller units (Figure 1). The process of human-caused fragmentation often proceeds in a fairly predic ...
... primary causes of species extinctions worldwide (Wilcox and Murphy, 1985; Rosenberg and Raphael, 1986; Simberloff, 1986). Fragmentation occurs when a formerly contiguous landscape is subdivided into smaller units (Figure 1). The process of human-caused fragmentation often proceeds in a fairly predic ...
Exploring the Status of Population Genetics: The Role of Ecology
... evolutionary questions–and one can accept this while still believing that population genetics is essential to evolutionary biology as a whole. In support of the latter point, as many other authors have suggested, consideration of the importance of phenomena such as adaptation and speciation, let alo ...
... evolutionary questions–and one can accept this while still believing that population genetics is essential to evolutionary biology as a whole. In support of the latter point, as many other authors have suggested, consideration of the importance of phenomena such as adaptation and speciation, let alo ...
MARINE TROPHIC INDEX Oceans, Seas and Coasts Marine
... indicator. The mean trophic level of landings is a numerical value. Trophic levels range from a definitional value of 1 for primary producers up to a level of 5 for marine mammals and humans. Trophic level is defined as the position of an organism in the food chain, determined by the number of energ ...
... indicator. The mean trophic level of landings is a numerical value. Trophic levels range from a definitional value of 1 for primary producers up to a level of 5 for marine mammals and humans. Trophic level is defined as the position of an organism in the food chain, determined by the number of energ ...
Pathogen Spillover in Disease Epidemics
... ecology. Of particular interest are how host community structure controls pathogen transmission and how disease spread feeds back to influence the host community. Pathogen spillover occurs when epidemics in a host population are driven not by transmission within that population but by transmission f ...
... ecology. Of particular interest are how host community structure controls pathogen transmission and how disease spread feeds back to influence the host community. Pathogen spillover occurs when epidemics in a host population are driven not by transmission within that population but by transmission f ...
the physiology of antipredator behaviour: what you do with what you
... prediction is wrong. Indeed, from an evolutionary perspective there is a trend for more derived species to be smaller than their ancestral form within North American fishes (Knouft and Page, 2003). A great many species never become large. And this is not due to some form of environmental constraint. ...
... prediction is wrong. Indeed, from an evolutionary perspective there is a trend for more derived species to be smaller than their ancestral form within North American fishes (Knouft and Page, 2003). A great many species never become large. And this is not due to some form of environmental constraint. ...
The effect of extrinsic mortality on genome size evolution in
... Mortality has a significant role in prokaryotic ecology and evolution, yet the impact of variations in extrinsic mortality on prokaryotic genome evolution has received little attention. We used both mathematical and agent-based models to reveal how variations in extrinsic mortality affect prokaryoti ...
... Mortality has a significant role in prokaryotic ecology and evolution, yet the impact of variations in extrinsic mortality on prokaryotic genome evolution has received little attention. We used both mathematical and agent-based models to reveal how variations in extrinsic mortality affect prokaryoti ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.