468-HBRC54 - Envirolink
... populations. This is primarily due to subsidised feeding by pet owners or, in the case of strays, the availability of waste and rubbish dumps. • Although the average predation pressure per individual cat is likely to be low due this supplementary feeding, the cumulative effects of the artificially h ...
... populations. This is primarily due to subsidised feeding by pet owners or, in the case of strays, the availability of waste and rubbish dumps. • Although the average predation pressure per individual cat is likely to be low due this supplementary feeding, the cumulative effects of the artificially h ...
Lifehistory constraints in grassland plant species: a growthdefence
... such studies are reported from species in controlled environments (Hawkes & Sullivan 2001), responses of wild plants may differ from those of cultivated plants (Chapin 1980), and trade-offs will depend on the environment in which species are found (Kneitel & Chase 2004). Thus, replicated examination ...
... such studies are reported from species in controlled environments (Hawkes & Sullivan 2001), responses of wild plants may differ from those of cultivated plants (Chapin 1980), and trade-offs will depend on the environment in which species are found (Kneitel & Chase 2004). Thus, replicated examination ...
PDF
... Distributions for the growth rates, weather and the correlation between the species were obtained from the estimation and data. The distribution for the weather term is derived from the observations of monthly rainfall at Nelson Bay from January 1882 to March 2005. Rainfall was found to be distribut ...
... Distributions for the growth rates, weather and the correlation between the species were obtained from the estimation and data. The distribution for the weather term is derived from the observations of monthly rainfall at Nelson Bay from January 1882 to March 2005. Rainfall was found to be distribut ...
SNA Project Report Pages 69-82 Summary of Ecological Results
... Domestic stock (sheep, cattle, deer, horses, goats, etc) in general destroy native vegetation and undergrowth - particularly in forest and wetland sites - and prevent regeneration. They also favour certain plant species over others as food and therefore considerably modify the composition of the veg ...
... Domestic stock (sheep, cattle, deer, horses, goats, etc) in general destroy native vegetation and undergrowth - particularly in forest and wetland sites - and prevent regeneration. They also favour certain plant species over others as food and therefore considerably modify the composition of the veg ...
Evolution_Review_Activity
... a. Choose and describe one misconception that you have about evolution after reading the appropriate link. Misconception: Humans can’t negatively impact ecosystems because species will just evolve what they need to survive. Correction: Humans can, and are currently causing negative effects on ecosys ...
... a. Choose and describe one misconception that you have about evolution after reading the appropriate link. Misconception: Humans can’t negatively impact ecosystems because species will just evolve what they need to survive. Correction: Humans can, and are currently causing negative effects on ecosys ...
Community assembly and invasion: An experimental Joseph Fargione* , Cynthia S. Brown
... such as invasion, coexistence, succession, and competition, may all be affected by the stronger within-guild interactions tested for in our experiment. Some hypothesized community assembly processes have been interpreted as predicting patterns such as ‘‘forbidden pairs,’’ ‘‘checkerboards,’’ or ‘‘fav ...
... such as invasion, coexistence, succession, and competition, may all be affected by the stronger within-guild interactions tested for in our experiment. Some hypothesized community assembly processes have been interpreted as predicting patterns such as ‘‘forbidden pairs,’’ ‘‘checkerboards,’’ or ‘‘fav ...
Camera technology for monitoring marine biodiversity and human
... criteria. In the Greenland shrimp fishery, drop cameras are being deployed to assess gear-related impacts on benthic habitats and communities, potentially encouraging the fishery to consider more sustainable extraction methods and to minimize habitat degradation (Kemp and Yesson 2013). Independent ...
... criteria. In the Greenland shrimp fishery, drop cameras are being deployed to assess gear-related impacts on benthic habitats and communities, potentially encouraging the fishery to consider more sustainable extraction methods and to minimize habitat degradation (Kemp and Yesson 2013). Independent ...
Complex community and evolutionary responses to habitat
... within and between the sexes. Yet, our understanding of how habitat edges and fragmentation affect sexual selection is limited [43,44] and comes largely from vertebrate systems [44], but insects with short generation times present an ideal opportunity to study these questions (see [45] for a compr ...
... within and between the sexes. Yet, our understanding of how habitat edges and fragmentation affect sexual selection is limited [43,44] and comes largely from vertebrate systems [44], but insects with short generation times present an ideal opportunity to study these questions (see [45] for a compr ...
A Consumer-Resource Approach to Community Structure1 The
... should test theory against all aspects of community structure. The viewpoint presented in this paper differs from what I perceive to be the frequent tendency for ecologists to believe that only one type of interaction will be important in a given situation. For instance, there have been many debates ...
... should test theory against all aspects of community structure. The viewpoint presented in this paper differs from what I perceive to be the frequent tendency for ecologists to believe that only one type of interaction will be important in a given situation. For instance, there have been many debates ...
Ecology and Evolution Affect Network Structure
... early analyses of network topology used network statistics (e.g., connectivity, nestedness) that considered only binary connections between species, that is, a presence/absence interaction matrix (but see Vazquez et al. 2007). However, an analysis of network properties based on an index of reciproca ...
... early analyses of network topology used network statistics (e.g., connectivity, nestedness) that considered only binary connections between species, that is, a presence/absence interaction matrix (but see Vazquez et al. 2007). However, an analysis of network properties based on an index of reciproca ...
Resource partitioning
... Mediterranean Sea, we cannot rely on physiological constraints as a mechanism to exclude potential invaders. With multiple introductions, some individuals with slightly different physiology could survive and reproduce in an environment once thought uninhabitable by their species. ...
... Mediterranean Sea, we cannot rely on physiological constraints as a mechanism to exclude potential invaders. With multiple introductions, some individuals with slightly different physiology could survive and reproduce in an environment once thought uninhabitable by their species. ...
Invasive species
... to find examples of invasive species that have driven native species to extinction on continents or in marine systems. Thus, most documented extinctions caused by invasive species have occurred in isolated environments. While introduced enemies may be able to reduce the size of local populations of ...
... to find examples of invasive species that have driven native species to extinction on continents or in marine systems. Thus, most documented extinctions caused by invasive species have occurred in isolated environments. While introduced enemies may be able to reduce the size of local populations of ...
Exergy and Information Indices: A Comparison for Use in Structurally
... compartment (y3) increases from 0.26 to 0.35. Figures 2a shows the simulation results of the ten compartments. The gradual increase in the growth rate of y3 results in an increase of y3, y5 and y8, and the elimination of compartments y1, y2 and y4. The level of y7 decreases sharply (Table 1). Figure ...
... compartment (y3) increases from 0.26 to 0.35. Figures 2a shows the simulation results of the ten compartments. The gradual increase in the growth rate of y3 results in an increase of y3, y5 and y8, and the elimination of compartments y1, y2 and y4. The level of y7 decreases sharply (Table 1). Figure ...
Keystone Predator
... Ecosystems can also be represented by a pyramid comprising a series of “trophic levels”. A species’ trophic level indicates its relative position in the ecosystem’s food chain. Producers (including algae and green plants) use energy from the sun to produce their own food rather than consuming other ...
... Ecosystems can also be represented by a pyramid comprising a series of “trophic levels”. A species’ trophic level indicates its relative position in the ecosystem’s food chain. Producers (including algae and green plants) use energy from the sun to produce their own food rather than consuming other ...
The niche, biogeography and species interactions
... seven on diseases and eight on host distributions; for each biotic factor, the majority of studies supported the factor in question, but for predation, diseases and host distributions, a nearly equal number of studies failed to support that factor. Eight studies examined interactions between abiotic ...
... seven on diseases and eight on host distributions; for each biotic factor, the majority of studies supported the factor in question, but for predation, diseases and host distributions, a nearly equal number of studies failed to support that factor. Eight studies examined interactions between abiotic ...
Chapter 11 - Matters of National Environmental Significance
... habitat for native species. Specifically, land clearing will result in a direct loss of individual plants, together with displacement of a variety of fauna species that currently use the Study Area for feeding, resting and roosting. However, it is unlikely that the proposal will compromise the long- ...
... habitat for native species. Specifically, land clearing will result in a direct loss of individual plants, together with displacement of a variety of fauna species that currently use the Study Area for feeding, resting and roosting. However, it is unlikely that the proposal will compromise the long- ...
Question Paper
... You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside the box around each page or on blank pages. Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. ...
... You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside the box around each page or on blank pages. Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. ...
The b-richness of two detritivore caddisflies affects fine organic
... did not significantly vary between the allopatric and sympatric distributions because the interference competition was reduced and the two species had similar feeding rates on green leaves. Humans are altering b-richness by homogenizing or differentiating flora and fauna across habitats; however, li ...
... did not significantly vary between the allopatric and sympatric distributions because the interference competition was reduced and the two species had similar feeding rates on green leaves. Humans are altering b-richness by homogenizing or differentiating flora and fauna across habitats; however, li ...
generalist feeding behaviors of aedes sierrensis larvae and their
... of nine insect species are common residents of California tree holes, including eight dipterans (two Ceratopogonidae, two Chironomidae, two Culicidae, one Syrphidae, one Psychodidae) and one coleopteran (Helodidae) (Woodward et al. 1988). The most common species, Ae. sierrensis and Culicoides spp. ( ...
... of nine insect species are common residents of California tree holes, including eight dipterans (two Ceratopogonidae, two Chironomidae, two Culicidae, one Syrphidae, one Psychodidae) and one coleopteran (Helodidae) (Woodward et al. 1988). The most common species, Ae. sierrensis and Culicoides spp. ( ...
Controlling for non-independence in comparative analysis of
... Estimation of PICs and their statistical analysis both require assumptions about how evolution happens, (i) to allow the estimation of trait values for shared common ancestors, so that contrasts can be calculated for nodes deeper in the phylogeny, and (ii) to scale contrasts made at different nodes ...
... Estimation of PICs and their statistical analysis both require assumptions about how evolution happens, (i) to allow the estimation of trait values for shared common ancestors, so that contrasts can be calculated for nodes deeper in the phylogeny, and (ii) to scale contrasts made at different nodes ...
Chapter 14: Conserving Biodiversity
... Loss of species can lead to economic impacts for humans Some biological resources harvested directly include wood (lumber and fuel), shellfish (protein), and algae (gelatin) Wild species provide biological chemicals (medicines) Wild species have alleles that are not present in domestic speci ...
... Loss of species can lead to economic impacts for humans Some biological resources harvested directly include wood (lumber and fuel), shellfish (protein), and algae (gelatin) Wild species provide biological chemicals (medicines) Wild species have alleles that are not present in domestic speci ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.