F2009B00248 F2009B00248 - Federal Register of Legislation
... that is necessary for a species’ long-term survival and recovery. This may include populations that are: key source populations either for breeding or dispersal, populations that are necessary for maintaining genetic diversity, and/or populations that are near the limit of the species range. Because ...
... that is necessary for a species’ long-term survival and recovery. This may include populations that are: key source populations either for breeding or dispersal, populations that are necessary for maintaining genetic diversity, and/or populations that are near the limit of the species range. Because ...
Population dynamics of shrews on small islands
... to mechanisms other than genetic drift. The area effect thus stems from larger islands having larger effective population sizes and hence slower drift, while the isolation effect suggests that more gene flow (dispersers that breed) reaches nearer than farther islands. These dispersers have not estab ...
... to mechanisms other than genetic drift. The area effect thus stems from larger islands having larger effective population sizes and hence slower drift, while the isolation effect suggests that more gene flow (dispersers that breed) reaches nearer than farther islands. These dispersers have not estab ...
Class: Myriapoda Centipedes and Millipedes
... from predators. This they have done very well and are amongst the best protected terrestrial arthropods. The integument, being made of calcareous material, affords some protection from the predation of ants. Most species will coil up tightly to protect their ventral surfaces when they are disturbed ...
... from predators. This they have done very well and are amongst the best protected terrestrial arthropods. The integument, being made of calcareous material, affords some protection from the predation of ants. Most species will coil up tightly to protect their ventral surfaces when they are disturbed ...
simplifying the study of competition at the individual plant level
... plants, as well as of the resources for which they compete and the environmental arena in which they compete. These measurements are often used, or at least viewed as useful, for complex simulation models of competition such as ecological field theory (Walker et al. 1989; Mou et al. 1993), and commu ...
... plants, as well as of the resources for which they compete and the environmental arena in which they compete. These measurements are often used, or at least viewed as useful, for complex simulation models of competition such as ecological field theory (Walker et al. 1989; Mou et al. 1993), and commu ...
Indirect effects of invasive species affecting the population structure
... 2002, Grosholz 2002). However, the effects of non-native species are not always negative. For example, ecosystems that suffered high (humanbased) disturbance in the past, may benefit from the arrival of newcomers that fill vacant ecological niches (Donlan et al. 2006, Griffiths et al. 2010). Moreove ...
... 2002, Grosholz 2002). However, the effects of non-native species are not always negative. For example, ecosystems that suffered high (humanbased) disturbance in the past, may benefit from the arrival of newcomers that fill vacant ecological niches (Donlan et al. 2006, Griffiths et al. 2010). Moreove ...
chapter05_section02_edit
... Density-dependent factors operate only when the population density reaches a certain level. These factors operate most strongly when a population is large and dense. They do not affect small, scattered populations as greatly. ...
... Density-dependent factors operate only when the population density reaches a certain level. These factors operate most strongly when a population is large and dense. They do not affect small, scattered populations as greatly. ...
Facilitative or competitive effects of woody plants on understorey
... To identify studies reporting effects of woody species on understorey productivity, we searched the ISI Web of Knowledge data base (1945– 2012) using a combination of the keywords: ‘tree’, ‘woody’, ‘shrub’, ‘bush’, ‘encroachment’, ‘thickening’, ‘biomass’, ‘productivity’ and ‘dry matter’. We also con ...
... To identify studies reporting effects of woody species on understorey productivity, we searched the ISI Web of Knowledge data base (1945– 2012) using a combination of the keywords: ‘tree’, ‘woody’, ‘shrub’, ‘bush’, ‘encroachment’, ‘thickening’, ‘biomass’, ‘productivity’ and ‘dry matter’. We also con ...
1.2 - Biology Junction
... population density reaches a certain level. These factors operate most strongly when a population is large and dense. They do not affect small, scattered populations as greatly. ...
... population density reaches a certain level. These factors operate most strongly when a population is large and dense. They do not affect small, scattered populations as greatly. ...
biology
... Density-dependent factors operate only when the population density reaches a certain level. These factors operate most strongly when a population is large and dense. They do not affect small, scattered populations as greatly. ...
... Density-dependent factors operate only when the population density reaches a certain level. These factors operate most strongly when a population is large and dense. They do not affect small, scattered populations as greatly. ...
5-2 Limits to Growth
... population density reaches a certain level. These factors operate most strongly when a population is large and dense. They do not affect small, scattered populations as greatly. ...
... population density reaches a certain level. These factors operate most strongly when a population is large and dense. They do not affect small, scattered populations as greatly. ...
biology Slide 1 of 21 End Show
... population density reaches a certain level. These factors operate most strongly when a population is large and dense. They do not affect small, scattered populations as greatly. ...
... population density reaches a certain level. These factors operate most strongly when a population is large and dense. They do not affect small, scattered populations as greatly. ...
Dispersal in Marine Organisms without a Pelagic Larval Phase
... (down to 10 mm in length) than were the two other species of Caulerpa found in Hawaii. A management plan that involved breaking the alga into fragments would be doomed to increase the species abundance and range, instead of controlling it. C. taxifolia has all the characteristics of a good invader, ...
... (down to 10 mm in length) than were the two other species of Caulerpa found in Hawaii. A management plan that involved breaking the alga into fragments would be doomed to increase the species abundance and range, instead of controlling it. C. taxifolia has all the characteristics of a good invader, ...
Sink habitats can alter ecological outcomes for competing species
... return to the source habitat (B. Kotler, personal communication). While ideal free populations in which individuals move freely to maximize their per-capita fitness do not occupy sink habitats under equilibrium conditions (Holt 1985), they may occupy sink habitats under non-equilibrium conditions (H ...
... return to the source habitat (B. Kotler, personal communication). While ideal free populations in which individuals move freely to maximize their per-capita fitness do not occupy sink habitats under equilibrium conditions (Holt 1985), they may occupy sink habitats under non-equilibrium conditions (H ...
Abstracts
... Geologic sequestration of CO2 is proposed as being the only promising large-scale method to help reduce CO2 gas emission by its capture at large point sources and subsequent long-term storage in deep geologic formations. Reliable and cost-effective monitoring will be an important aspect of ensuring ...
... Geologic sequestration of CO2 is proposed as being the only promising large-scale method to help reduce CO2 gas emission by its capture at large point sources and subsequent long-term storage in deep geologic formations. Reliable and cost-effective monitoring will be an important aspect of ensuring ...
weakly density-dependent mortality and the coexistence of species
... differ only moderately in their density-independent mortality is generically possible. Since the attractor is not necessarily a steady state, one could argue that this may be just another example of the well-known coexistence on a limit cycle Armstrong and McGehee (1980). Note however, that coexiste ...
... differ only moderately in their density-independent mortality is generically possible. Since the attractor is not necessarily a steady state, one could argue that this may be just another example of the well-known coexistence on a limit cycle Armstrong and McGehee (1980). Note however, that coexiste ...
Species Selection: Theory and Data
... extrapolation from organismic fitnesses cannot always fully account for the dynamics of clades (see overviews by Jablonski 2000, 2005, 2007, 2008a), and so hierarchical approaches, comprising several elements including species selection, have increasingly been invoked. This does not mean that organis ...
... extrapolation from organismic fitnesses cannot always fully account for the dynamics of clades (see overviews by Jablonski 2000, 2005, 2007, 2008a), and so hierarchical approaches, comprising several elements including species selection, have increasingly been invoked. This does not mean that organis ...
ecosystem-based management of predator–prey relationships
... to examine the elasticity of the model to this input parameter. We used the seasonal average of body mass for all bird predators (Appendix A), except as follows. Significant differences in body mass among weeks were only observed in after-hatch-year Ring-billed and California Gulls (v2 ¼ 72.68 and 72 ...
... to examine the elasticity of the model to this input parameter. We used the seasonal average of body mass for all bird predators (Appendix A), except as follows. Significant differences in body mass among weeks were only observed in after-hatch-year Ring-billed and California Gulls (v2 ¼ 72.68 and 72 ...
The roles of the Moran effect and dispersal in synchronizing
... ratio of the maximum value to the minimum value) and frequency. Essentially, the phase of a given single cycle can be mapped onto a circle (Winfree, 2001), such that its phase is defined as a number between 0 and 2p describing the system’s location within the given cycle. In many instances the amplit ...
... ratio of the maximum value to the minimum value) and frequency. Essentially, the phase of a given single cycle can be mapped onto a circle (Winfree, 2001), such that its phase is defined as a number between 0 and 2p describing the system’s location within the given cycle. In many instances the amplit ...
What is adaptation?
... All organisms are adapted to life in general, such as having legs for walking, wings for flying or leaves for photosynthesizing. These are general adaptations. ...
... All organisms are adapted to life in general, such as having legs for walking, wings for flying or leaves for photosynthesizing. These are general adaptations. ...
RG report - Norges forskningsråd
... the result as a review paper. - Determine vigilance and fright and flight behavior in Norwegian subpopulation of reindeer of different origin. -Determine reindeer area use in relation to tourism and various construction activities and test the hypothesis that avoidance of developed areas affects muc ...
... the result as a review paper. - Determine vigilance and fright and flight behavior in Norwegian subpopulation of reindeer of different origin. -Determine reindeer area use in relation to tourism and various construction activities and test the hypothesis that avoidance of developed areas affects muc ...
The feeding behaviour of an abyssal sea anemone
... apart on 20 July and show changes in the orientation of the oral disk in response to near-bed currents. Three hours after photo lD was taken, the posture was the same as in lA. The anemone therefore completed a 360° rotation in about 12 hours. The direction the oral disk is facing in each frame is s ...
... apart on 20 July and show changes in the orientation of the oral disk in response to near-bed currents. Three hours after photo lD was taken, the posture was the same as in lA. The anemone therefore completed a 360° rotation in about 12 hours. The direction the oral disk is facing in each frame is s ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.