as a PDF
... gradients allowed a test of their relative importance for arboreal arthropod community structure. Pyrethrum knockdown was used to sample arboreal arthropods from Metrosideros polymorpha (Myrtaceae), the dominant tree throughout the Hawaiian Islands. Arthropod abundances and sample-based species rich ...
... gradients allowed a test of their relative importance for arboreal arthropod community structure. Pyrethrum knockdown was used to sample arboreal arthropods from Metrosideros polymorpha (Myrtaceae), the dominant tree throughout the Hawaiian Islands. Arthropod abundances and sample-based species rich ...
assessment
... The species is found almost exclusively in association with rock habitats along streams and occurs along sections of streams with steep banks, invariably in steeply dissected country or gorges with numerous rapids and waterfalls (Gillespie and Hollis 1996). L. spenceri is restricted to riffle and ca ...
... The species is found almost exclusively in association with rock habitats along streams and occurs along sections of streams with steep banks, invariably in steeply dissected country or gorges with numerous rapids and waterfalls (Gillespie and Hollis 1996). L. spenceri is restricted to riffle and ca ...
Predators indirectly protect tundra plants by reducing herbivore
... during previous vole peak-years (Oksanen and Oksanen 1981, Oksanen et al. 1987). During summer 1991, we therefore caught grey-sided voles in areas surrounding the lake and placed them on the islands, at initial densities equal to that in the mainland areas (35 voles per ha). This density corresponds ...
... during previous vole peak-years (Oksanen and Oksanen 1981, Oksanen et al. 1987). During summer 1991, we therefore caught grey-sided voles in areas surrounding the lake and placed them on the islands, at initial densities equal to that in the mainland areas (35 voles per ha). This density corresponds ...
Life-History Differences among Coral Reef Sponges
... study was to test the hypothesis that this fourth species is an exploiter, gaining by adhering to sponges of other species as if it were participating in the mutualism but failing to reciprocate and even causing harm. Of more general interest to the theory of mutualism and its exploitation is the qu ...
... study was to test the hypothesis that this fourth species is an exploiter, gaining by adhering to sponges of other species as if it were participating in the mutualism but failing to reciprocate and even causing harm. Of more general interest to the theory of mutualism and its exploitation is the qu ...
Oecologia - Florida State University
... of infaunal meiofauna species in space is even more rudimentary. Zonation patterns on beaches have been described together with their environmental correlates (e.g., Wieser 1959; Pollock 1970; Harris 1972), but for other soft-bottom habitats, few patterns are known (e.g., Heip and Engels 1977; Bell ...
... of infaunal meiofauna species in space is even more rudimentary. Zonation patterns on beaches have been described together with their environmental correlates (e.g., Wieser 1959; Pollock 1970; Harris 1972), but for other soft-bottom habitats, few patterns are known (e.g., Heip and Engels 1977; Bell ...
assessment
... root nodules and bulbs. It also eats fruit, seeds and other plant material found above ground. Bandicoots prefer to live in areas with thick vegetation and construct nests under plants on the ground. They do not create their own burrow, but occasionally use the burrows of other species (Paull 2008). ...
... root nodules and bulbs. It also eats fruit, seeds and other plant material found above ground. Bandicoots prefer to live in areas with thick vegetation and construct nests under plants on the ground. They do not create their own burrow, but occasionally use the burrows of other species (Paull 2008). ...
Kappel (2005) - the Biology Department
... prey, habitat alteration, or other indirect effects. To design species. Single threats that could be counted in multiple and implement effective biodiversity conservation categories were tallied in both. For example, habitat degraapproaches for the oceans, we must understand the relative dation due ...
... prey, habitat alteration, or other indirect effects. To design species. Single threats that could be counted in multiple and implement effective biodiversity conservation categories were tallied in both. For example, habitat degraapproaches for the oceans, we must understand the relative dation due ...
Gradients in density variations of small rodents: the importance of
... have also been recognized during recent years. The cyclic populations have been widely thought to be regulated by intrinsic mechanisms. However, such predictions for cyclic populations are usually not applicable to non-cyclic ones and extrinsic factors may have to be included in any explanation. A h ...
... have also been recognized during recent years. The cyclic populations have been widely thought to be regulated by intrinsic mechanisms. However, such predictions for cyclic populations are usually not applicable to non-cyclic ones and extrinsic factors may have to be included in any explanation. A h ...
Evidence for Ecological Speciation and Its Alternative
... absence (bottom) (29). In laboratory trials, the probability of two (16). Divergence in song and individuals mating was higher when they were from different other learned components of bepopulations having the same predation environment (and similar havior under purely social selecbody shape) than w ...
... absence (bottom) (29). In laboratory trials, the probability of two (16). Divergence in song and individuals mating was higher when they were from different other learned components of bepopulations having the same predation environment (and similar havior under purely social selecbody shape) than w ...
reprint
... 1991). It is therefore protected from competition with other Heliconius by the defences of its host. In any community there is not a one-on-one relationship between Heliconius and Passiflora species, but rather a diversity of different strategies – a few Heliconius are generalists (within the family ...
... 1991). It is therefore protected from competition with other Heliconius by the defences of its host. In any community there is not a one-on-one relationship between Heliconius and Passiflora species, but rather a diversity of different strategies – a few Heliconius are generalists (within the family ...
Gr6-8_Life_Sciences_OAT_Practice
... Benchmark B: Describe the characteristics of an organism in terms of a combination of inherited traits and recognize reproduction as a characteristic of living organisms essential to the continuation of the species. Indicator 2: Recognize that in sexual reproduction new combinations of traits are pr ...
... Benchmark B: Describe the characteristics of an organism in terms of a combination of inherited traits and recognize reproduction as a characteristic of living organisms essential to the continuation of the species. Indicator 2: Recognize that in sexual reproduction new combinations of traits are pr ...
UMWiki Retired June 30, 2016 | IT@UMN
... population lives #60 km from the coast, and it is likely that this figure will increase to 75% by 2020 (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, in litt.). Based on these trends, coastal waters likely will become increasingly polluted over the next 100 years. As reported by Roberts and Hawkins (19 ...
... population lives #60 km from the coast, and it is likely that this figure will increase to 75% by 2020 (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, in litt.). Based on these trends, coastal waters likely will become increasingly polluted over the next 100 years. As reported by Roberts and Hawkins (19 ...
Who Eats What? - Litzsinger Road Ecology Center
... 1. Tell students that the drawings depict animals that depend on plants for food. Direct students to study each one carefully, working individually or in small groups to develop answers to the questions written on the board. What kind of animal might this be? How do you think the mouth works? Do you ...
... 1. Tell students that the drawings depict animals that depend on plants for food. Direct students to study each one carefully, working individually or in small groups to develop answers to the questions written on the board. What kind of animal might this be? How do you think the mouth works? Do you ...
A newly identified population of Gambusia affinis (Baird and Girard
... Through a combination of morphological examination and genetic analysis, the Poeciliidae captured in Lake Kenyir were confirmed to be G. affinis. Although morphological examination was inconclusive, the species was found to cluster with G. affinis but not with monophyletic clades of the either G. ho ...
... Through a combination of morphological examination and genetic analysis, the Poeciliidae captured in Lake Kenyir were confirmed to be G. affinis. Although morphological examination was inconclusive, the species was found to cluster with G. affinis but not with monophyletic clades of the either G. ho ...
Exergetic Model of Secondary Successions for Plant Communities in
... species by species [5]. Tansley developed similar concepts as those of Clements; nevertheless, he argues about the possibility of reaching multiple “climax” states through its “policlimax” concept. Westoby et al. [6] developed a new successional model, originally made for rangelands, though suitable ...
... species by species [5]. Tansley developed similar concepts as those of Clements; nevertheless, he argues about the possibility of reaching multiple “climax” states through its “policlimax” concept. Westoby et al. [6] developed a new successional model, originally made for rangelands, though suitable ...
Forty years of experiments on aquatic invasive species
... and cultural costs (Lockwood et al. 2007). Efforts to manage and mitigate invasion impacts are contingent on rigorous scientific evidence for the underlying drivers of change (Underwood 1996; Byers et al. 2002; Sutherland et al. 2004). There is debate, however, about whether non-native species cause ...
... and cultural costs (Lockwood et al. 2007). Efforts to manage and mitigate invasion impacts are contingent on rigorous scientific evidence for the underlying drivers of change (Underwood 1996; Byers et al. 2002; Sutherland et al. 2004). There is debate, however, about whether non-native species cause ...
Sci 8
... 5. The size of populations may change as a result of the interrelationships among organisms. These may include predator/prey ratios, availability of resources, and habitat changes. 6. In all environments organisms with similar needs may compete with one another for resources including food, water, a ...
... 5. The size of populations may change as a result of the interrelationships among organisms. These may include predator/prey ratios, availability of resources, and habitat changes. 6. In all environments organisms with similar needs may compete with one another for resources including food, water, a ...
Forty years of experiments on aquatic invasive species
... and cultural costs (Lockwood et al. 2007). Efforts to manage and mitigate invasion impacts are contingent on rigorous scientific evidence for the underlying drivers of change (Underwood 1996; Byers et al. 2002; Sutherland et al. 2004). There is debate, however, about whether non-native species cause ...
... and cultural costs (Lockwood et al. 2007). Efforts to manage and mitigate invasion impacts are contingent on rigorous scientific evidence for the underlying drivers of change (Underwood 1996; Byers et al. 2002; Sutherland et al. 2004). There is debate, however, about whether non-native species cause ...
Adaptive Growth Decisions in Butterflies
... tissue, move relatively slowly, and have a limited capacity to disperse to new habitat (Stamp and Casey 1993). The caterpillars accumulate most of the nitrogen-rich resources that are necessary for reproduction in the adults (Karlsson 1998). Adults, on the other hand, are highly mobile and typically ...
... tissue, move relatively slowly, and have a limited capacity to disperse to new habitat (Stamp and Casey 1993). The caterpillars accumulate most of the nitrogen-rich resources that are necessary for reproduction in the adults (Karlsson 1998). Adults, on the other hand, are highly mobile and typically ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.