Supplemental Information
... kirtlandii) have not fared as well in human-dominated landscapes as their firedependent habitat has disappeared with human suppression of wildfires (Probst, 1985). They can now only be found in several counties in the northern lower peninsula of Michigan, USA. Because cowbirds are nest parasites, th ...
... kirtlandii) have not fared as well in human-dominated landscapes as their firedependent habitat has disappeared with human suppression of wildfires (Probst, 1985). They can now only be found in several counties in the northern lower peninsula of Michigan, USA. Because cowbirds are nest parasites, th ...
Fouling Community Studies in the Indian River
... The differences between short term plates indicate that there is a great difference between pioneer species throughout the year. ...
... The differences between short term plates indicate that there is a great difference between pioneer species throughout the year. ...
dietary habits of the common rodents in an agroecosystem in
... Dietary habits of five common rodents in agroecosystems on the central Argentine Pampa were studied for 15 months using microhistological analysis of stomach contents. All five rodent species were omnivorous, but proportions of major dietary items (arthropods, dicot leaves and seeds, monocot leaves ...
... Dietary habits of five common rodents in agroecosystems on the central Argentine Pampa were studied for 15 months using microhistological analysis of stomach contents. All five rodent species were omnivorous, but proportions of major dietary items (arthropods, dicot leaves and seeds, monocot leaves ...
Interspecific competition in natural plant
... In conclusion, species from nutrient-poor habitats are usually not characterized by high nutrient uptake kinetics, except in situations where nutrient-rich patches occur ( Robinson and Van Vuuren, 1998). Biomass allocation and competitive ability for nutrient uptake It seems logical to assume that s ...
... In conclusion, species from nutrient-poor habitats are usually not characterized by high nutrient uptake kinetics, except in situations where nutrient-rich patches occur ( Robinson and Van Vuuren, 1998). Biomass allocation and competitive ability for nutrient uptake It seems logical to assume that s ...
How stable are habitat associations through a breeding season?
... Robins (Turdus migratorius) renest farther from previously unsuccessful nesting sites than successful sites within the same season (Haas 1998), and Black Kites (Milvus migrans) often abandon unsuccessful nest sites and attempt to renest in better habitat (Forero et al. 1999). Such emigration from a ...
... Robins (Turdus migratorius) renest farther from previously unsuccessful nesting sites than successful sites within the same season (Haas 1998), and Black Kites (Milvus migrans) often abandon unsuccessful nest sites and attempt to renest in better habitat (Forero et al. 1999). Such emigration from a ...
Evolutionary action of tropical animals on the reproduction of plants
... of contacts between a plant and an animal species into contacts inside whole ecosystems, with concurrent speciation as a later corollary. A study of the special influence of animal life in the tropics starts in a sense with a wrong concept. Life in the humid tropics has just not undergone the impove ...
... of contacts between a plant and an animal species into contacts inside whole ecosystems, with concurrent speciation as a later corollary. A study of the special influence of animal life in the tropics starts in a sense with a wrong concept. Life in the humid tropics has just not undergone the impove ...
Character Displacement and Fish Behavior, Especially in Coral Reef
... had to depend on gill raker number and length as being under genetical control and relatively constant (see Lindsey, 1963, and Svardson, 1970, for references). Thus, as in Figure 1, three sympatric species diverge regularly in mean gill raker number, but differently in body form (the parameters of g ...
... had to depend on gill raker number and length as being under genetical control and relatively constant (see Lindsey, 1963, and Svardson, 1970, for references). Thus, as in Figure 1, three sympatric species diverge regularly in mean gill raker number, but differently in body form (the parameters of g ...
Response Diversity
... • With disturbance such as hurricane, some patches may be wiped out, but others will remain to re-populate ...
... • With disturbance such as hurricane, some patches may be wiped out, but others will remain to re-populate ...
Species, trophic, and functional diversity in marine
... trophic groups modified from McClanahan and Sala (1997) and a functional grouping that join species life history traits and taxonomic groups (Villamor and Becerro, 2010). Since the magnitude of the reserve effect may vary with the geographic location, the species present, the design of the MPA, and t ...
... trophic groups modified from McClanahan and Sala (1997) and a functional grouping that join species life history traits and taxonomic groups (Villamor and Becerro, 2010). Since the magnitude of the reserve effect may vary with the geographic location, the species present, the design of the MPA, and t ...
Pizza Box Ecosystems
... Guided Practice: What activities or exercises will the students complete with teacher guidance? Under teacher guidance, students will: 1. Choose a specific real-world ecosystem 2. Create a food chain with at least 4 tropic levels 3. Create a food web with at least 10 total organisms 4. Define key te ...
... Guided Practice: What activities or exercises will the students complete with teacher guidance? Under teacher guidance, students will: 1. Choose a specific real-world ecosystem 2. Create a food chain with at least 4 tropic levels 3. Create a food web with at least 10 total organisms 4. Define key te ...
Power, M.E., D. Tilman, J.A. Estes, B.A. Menge, W.J. Bond, L.S. Mills
... tion may have several modes. with kev- Rafaelli and Hall (1992) could mastone species falling into modes that are nipulate predators such as shorebirds sufficiently far from zero. only as groups of species. By contrast, Paine's (1992) was a pairwise study, but only because he measured ate the commun ...
... tion may have several modes. with kev- Rafaelli and Hall (1992) could mastone species falling into modes that are nipulate predators such as shorebirds sufficiently far from zero. only as groups of species. By contrast, Paine's (1992) was a pairwise study, but only because he measured ate the commun ...
Refining mimicry: phenotypic variation tracks the local
... ullerian mimicry between chemically defended preys is a textbook example of natural selection favouring phenotypic convergence onto a shared warning signal. Studies of mimicry have concentrated on deciphering the ecological and genetic underpinnings of dramatic switches in mimicry association, produ ...
... ullerian mimicry between chemically defended preys is a textbook example of natural selection favouring phenotypic convergence onto a shared warning signal. Studies of mimicry have concentrated on deciphering the ecological and genetic underpinnings of dramatic switches in mimicry association, produ ...
Environmental Science - Volusia County Schools
... Resources: a listing of available, high quality and appropriate materials (strategies, lessons, textbooks, videos and other media sources) that are aligned to the standards. • Teacher Hints: a listing of considerations when planning instruction, including guidelines to content that is inside and out ...
... Resources: a listing of available, high quality and appropriate materials (strategies, lessons, textbooks, videos and other media sources) that are aligned to the standards. • Teacher Hints: a listing of considerations when planning instruction, including guidelines to content that is inside and out ...
Southeastern Naturalist - Florida Museum of Natural History
... Island and probably will reach Sanibel Island (one observation ca. 1996) if not controlled. The Ten Thousand Islands, Big Cypress National Preserve, Everglades National Park, Lake Okeechobee area, and parts of the Florida Keys would provide particularly suitable habitats for colonization. Many monit ...
... Island and probably will reach Sanibel Island (one observation ca. 1996) if not controlled. The Ten Thousand Islands, Big Cypress National Preserve, Everglades National Park, Lake Okeechobee area, and parts of the Florida Keys would provide particularly suitable habitats for colonization. Many monit ...
Impacts of Pollutants on Beavers and Otters with Implications for
... Wren 1984; Zalewski et al. 2012). Deaths resulting from direct poisoning are rare, potentially due to sampling limitations in the field. However, sublethal effects (low-level to high-level not fatal exposure) could cause organ failure and disease, as well as impact life history and behavioral system ...
... Wren 1984; Zalewski et al. 2012). Deaths resulting from direct poisoning are rare, potentially due to sampling limitations in the field. However, sublethal effects (low-level to high-level not fatal exposure) could cause organ failure and disease, as well as impact life history and behavioral system ...
Minnesota Easy Culture System II - Animal Health Diagnostic Center
... The Quality Milk Production Services (QMPS) and the University of Minnesota Udder Health Laboratory have reached an agreement whereby QMPS will distribute supplies, and provide technical support for the Easy Culture I1 System in the Northeast. This system consists of culture plates (Bi-plates and T ...
... The Quality Milk Production Services (QMPS) and the University of Minnesota Udder Health Laboratory have reached an agreement whereby QMPS will distribute supplies, and provide technical support for the Easy Culture I1 System in the Northeast. This system consists of culture plates (Bi-plates and T ...
Biological Control Through Intraguild Predation
... these two is intraguild predation (IGP), defined as the killing or eating of species that use similar, often limiting, resources and are thus potential competitors (Polis et al., 1989). The importance and occurrence of IGP has been documented across taxonomic groups and is prevalent in nature (revie ...
... these two is intraguild predation (IGP), defined as the killing or eating of species that use similar, often limiting, resources and are thus potential competitors (Polis et al., 1989). The importance and occurrence of IGP has been documented across taxonomic groups and is prevalent in nature (revie ...
Seasonal shifts in predator diversity
... between predators. For instance, if the size difference between predators is large enough, small predators become vulnerable to predation by large predators. Thus, increasing the size range of predators can promote predation among predators and thereby reduce predator density. In addition, small pre ...
... between predators. For instance, if the size difference between predators is large enough, small predators become vulnerable to predation by large predators. Thus, increasing the size range of predators can promote predation among predators and thereby reduce predator density. In addition, small pre ...
and Belowground Biodiversity in Terrestrial Ecosystems
... Soil organisms appear to have a high level of functional redundancy (Andrén et al. 1995). This suggests that traits involving the transfer of nutrients through the soil food web are broadly distributed across the belowground community. Changes in the taxonomic diversity of the soil food web would th ...
... Soil organisms appear to have a high level of functional redundancy (Andrén et al. 1995). This suggests that traits involving the transfer of nutrients through the soil food web are broadly distributed across the belowground community. Changes in the taxonomic diversity of the soil food web would th ...
When Good Animals Love Bad Habitats: Ecological Traps and the
... ecological traps to the more familiar source-sink theory. An ecological trap is a habitat “low in quality for reproduction and survival [that] cannot sustain a population, yet . . . is preferred over other available, high-quality habitats” (Donovan & Thompson 2001). Thus, a trap is simply a sink hab ...
... ecological traps to the more familiar source-sink theory. An ecological trap is a habitat “low in quality for reproduction and survival [that] cannot sustain a population, yet . . . is preferred over other available, high-quality habitats” (Donovan & Thompson 2001). Thus, a trap is simply a sink hab ...
Predation by Introduced Fishes on Endangered Humpback Chub
... bluehead sucker Pantosteus (=Catostomus) discobolus, flannelmouth sucker Catostomus latipinnis, and unidentified fish remains were in stomachs of 51 predators, 5 of which also had eaten humpback chub (Table 1). Mean length of humpback chub in stomachs (102 mm TL; N = 27) did not differ significantly ...
... bluehead sucker Pantosteus (=Catostomus) discobolus, flannelmouth sucker Catostomus latipinnis, and unidentified fish remains were in stomachs of 51 predators, 5 of which also had eaten humpback chub (Table 1). Mean length of humpback chub in stomachs (102 mm TL; N = 27) did not differ significantly ...
Life-History Differences among Coral Reef Sponges
... study was to test the hypothesis that this fourth species is an exploiter, gaining by adhering to sponges of other species as if it were participating in the mutualism but failing to reciprocate and even causing harm. Of more general interest to the theory of mutualism and its exploitation is the qu ...
... study was to test the hypothesis that this fourth species is an exploiter, gaining by adhering to sponges of other species as if it were participating in the mutualism but failing to reciprocate and even causing harm. Of more general interest to the theory of mutualism and its exploitation is the qu ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.