Sweden
... Biological control agents are used to a small degree in semi-enclosed cultivation tunnels. Nematodes and predatory mites are most commonly used especially in ecological cultivation. The risk for establishment and spread in the environment are considerably greater in cultivation tunnels than greenhou ...
... Biological control agents are used to a small degree in semi-enclosed cultivation tunnels. Nematodes and predatory mites are most commonly used especially in ecological cultivation. The risk for establishment and spread in the environment are considerably greater in cultivation tunnels than greenhou ...
Evolution in plant populations as a driver of
... Heritable variation in traits can have wide-ranging impacts on species interactions, but the effects that ongoing evolution has on the temporal ecological dynamics of communities are not well understood. Here, we identify three conditions that, if experimentally satisfied, support the hypothesis tha ...
... Heritable variation in traits can have wide-ranging impacts on species interactions, but the effects that ongoing evolution has on the temporal ecological dynamics of communities are not well understood. Here, we identify three conditions that, if experimentally satisfied, support the hypothesis tha ...
appendix w5 - Department of Water Affairs
... High diversity of vegetation and geomorphological structure and patchiness/interspersion. High rating=3; High diversity of vegetation and geomorphological structure and low patchiness interspersion. Moderate rating=2; Low diversity of vegetation and geomorphological structure and high patchiness/int ...
... High diversity of vegetation and geomorphological structure and patchiness/interspersion. High rating=3; High diversity of vegetation and geomorphological structure and low patchiness interspersion. Moderate rating=2; Low diversity of vegetation and geomorphological structure and high patchiness/int ...
Is There Current Competition between Sympatric Siberian Weasels
... niche differentiation or resource partitioning to avoid competition (Begon et al. 1986, Ricklefs 1990). Habitat, food, and time have been suggested to be the most important niche dimensions in resource partitioning between species (Pianka 1969, Schoener 1986). If the species fail to differentiate in ...
... niche differentiation or resource partitioning to avoid competition (Begon et al. 1986, Ricklefs 1990). Habitat, food, and time have been suggested to be the most important niche dimensions in resource partitioning between species (Pianka 1969, Schoener 1986). If the species fail to differentiate in ...
Nearshore fish assemblages associated with introduced predatory
... constructed using chi‐square distance. Chi‐square distance was chosen over other resemblance measures (such as Jaccard or Copyright # 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. ...
... constructed using chi‐square distance. Chi‐square distance was chosen over other resemblance measures (such as Jaccard or Copyright # 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. ...
Directing Research to Reduce the Impacts of
... relationships, parasite-host relationships, etc. empirical data to assess the importance of each of these linkages or pathways; where appropriate, use of time-lapse photography population/demographic studies to assess effects of nonindigenous species on abundance, reproduction, etc., of native speci ...
... relationships, parasite-host relationships, etc. empirical data to assess the importance of each of these linkages or pathways; where appropriate, use of time-lapse photography population/demographic studies to assess effects of nonindigenous species on abundance, reproduction, etc., of native speci ...
Determining selection across heterogeneous
... evolutionary diversification is therefore intuitively appealing. Although this intuition is sometimes foiled (Day 2001; Ajar 2003), several individual-based simulation and population genetics studies do indeed suggest that spatial structure can contribute to evolutionary branching and speciation (Fe ...
... evolutionary diversification is therefore intuitively appealing. Although this intuition is sometimes foiled (Day 2001; Ajar 2003), several individual-based simulation and population genetics studies do indeed suggest that spatial structure can contribute to evolutionary branching and speciation (Fe ...
Conservation Assessment for the Red-Tailed Chipmunk
... its habitat in the westernmost edge of its distribution in northeastern Washington. Scope I found only limited information regarding the distribution and ecology of red-tailed chipmunks in Washington. Therefore, I draw on accounts of the species from its entire range. There is no information regardi ...
... its habitat in the westernmost edge of its distribution in northeastern Washington. Scope I found only limited information regarding the distribution and ecology of red-tailed chipmunks in Washington. Therefore, I draw on accounts of the species from its entire range. There is no information regardi ...
Biotic resistance and facilitation of a non
... of 10.6, 8.7, 7.0, 5.6 mm) and number per cultch (average initial counts of 16, 10, 10, 11). Each cultch provided one replicate: survival was based on the proportion of initial oysters that survived to the end of the experiment, and growth was based on linear shell extension, averaged across all sur ...
... of 10.6, 8.7, 7.0, 5.6 mm) and number per cultch (average initial counts of 16, 10, 10, 11). Each cultch provided one replicate: survival was based on the proportion of initial oysters that survived to the end of the experiment, and growth was based on linear shell extension, averaged across all sur ...
Movement and Space Use by Coastal Rosy Boas (Lichanura
... disappeared from the study area before we could gather a sufficient set of fixes (Table 1). We located the 17 snakes 1169 times. As a result of cumulatively adding snakes to the study, implantation dates, total number of days tracked, and total number of locations varied substantially across individ ...
... disappeared from the study area before we could gather a sufficient set of fixes (Table 1). We located the 17 snakes 1169 times. As a result of cumulatively adding snakes to the study, implantation dates, total number of days tracked, and total number of locations varied substantially across individ ...
Opportunistic predation on bats trapped in mist nets by
... Pyxicephalus adspersus, and Rana catesbeiana, may include small vertebrates in their diets, such as small mammals, birds, snakes, and other frogs (DUELLMAN; TRUEB, 1986; BENÍCIO et al., 2011). In these cases, a ...
... Pyxicephalus adspersus, and Rana catesbeiana, may include small vertebrates in their diets, such as small mammals, birds, snakes, and other frogs (DUELLMAN; TRUEB, 1986; BENÍCIO et al., 2011). In these cases, a ...
Plant species traits and capacity for resource reduction predict yield
... 1. The objective of this study is to test whether plant traits that are predicted by resourcecompetition theory to lead to competitive dominance are correlated with competitive response and abundance in a nitrogen-limited grassland. We collected species trait and soil nutrient data on non-leguminous ...
... 1. The objective of this study is to test whether plant traits that are predicted by resourcecompetition theory to lead to competitive dominance are correlated with competitive response and abundance in a nitrogen-limited grassland. We collected species trait and soil nutrient data on non-leguminous ...
Full Article - Notornis - Ornithological Society of New Zealand
... of New Zealand pigeon/kereru (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae), tui (Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae), grey warbler (Gerygone igata), fantail (Rhipidura fuliginosa) and tomtit (Petroica macrocephala), and intensity of mammalian pest control conducted to protect the endangered North Island kokako (Callaeas c ...
... of New Zealand pigeon/kereru (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae), tui (Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae), grey warbler (Gerygone igata), fantail (Rhipidura fuliginosa) and tomtit (Petroica macrocephala), and intensity of mammalian pest control conducted to protect the endangered North Island kokako (Callaeas c ...
Unit 2 Ecology Chp 52 Intro to Ecology and the
... experiment should be. In some cases, they can devise mathematical models that enable them to simulate the possible results of large-scale experiments that are impossible to conduct in the field. In this approach, important variables and their hypothetical relationships are described through mathemat ...
... experiment should be. In some cases, they can devise mathematical models that enable them to simulate the possible results of large-scale experiments that are impossible to conduct in the field. In this approach, important variables and their hypothetical relationships are described through mathemat ...
Canton Keystone Biology Curriculum Map
... to carry out their life processes o reproduce and pass their genetic material on to the next generation o seek to maintain a biological balance between their internal and external environments o grow, develop and eventually die o detect and respond to stimuli o adapt and evolve at the ...
... to carry out their life processes o reproduce and pass their genetic material on to the next generation o seek to maintain a biological balance between their internal and external environments o grow, develop and eventually die o detect and respond to stimuli o adapt and evolve at the ...
Chesson, P., Pacala, S., Neuhauser, C. 2001. Environmental niches
... promotes species coexistence. It says that species with even identical resource requirements may coexist when there are appropriate differences between their temporal patterns of use of resources (Grubb 1977; Chesson and Warner 1981; Abrams 1984; Shmida and Ellner 1984; Brown 1989; Loreau 1992; Ches ...
... promotes species coexistence. It says that species with even identical resource requirements may coexist when there are appropriate differences between their temporal patterns of use of resources (Grubb 1977; Chesson and Warner 1981; Abrams 1984; Shmida and Ellner 1984; Brown 1989; Loreau 1992; Ches ...
A comparison of survival strategies in the extreme environment
... Species living on the Antarctic continent and its surrounding oceans have had to adapt to live in the extreme environment. These adaptations are specialised strategies that species have evolved to aid survival by increasing reproductive success and lifespan of the individual and have occurred over g ...
... Species living on the Antarctic continent and its surrounding oceans have had to adapt to live in the extreme environment. These adaptations are specialised strategies that species have evolved to aid survival by increasing reproductive success and lifespan of the individual and have occurred over g ...
Spillover of functionally important organisms between managed and
... literature on edge effects coupled with work on the food web consequences of cross-boundary subsidies (Polis et al., 1997), provide a key insight underlying our review – that external influences are often important drivers of community structure and dynamics within focal habitats. Here, we make the c ...
... literature on edge effects coupled with work on the food web consequences of cross-boundary subsidies (Polis et al., 1997), provide a key insight underlying our review – that external influences are often important drivers of community structure and dynamics within focal habitats. Here, we make the c ...
Foliicolous lichens as model organisms to study tropical rainforest
... 2001; COPPINS & W O LSELEY 2002). A PROO T (1997b) recorded 173 liehen species on a tree in Papua New Guinea, and up to 80 foliicolous species where found on individual leaves in Costa Rica and Ecuador (LÜCKING 1995a; LÜCKING & M ATZER 2001). The number of liehen species to occur in Costa Rica, with ...
... 2001; COPPINS & W O LSELEY 2002). A PROO T (1997b) recorded 173 liehen species on a tree in Papua New Guinea, and up to 80 foliicolous species where found on individual leaves in Costa Rica and Ecuador (LÜCKING 1995a; LÜCKING & M ATZER 2001). The number of liehen species to occur in Costa Rica, with ...
Tree species richness promotes productivity in temperate forests
... or niche partitioning, thus leading to a more efficient use of available resources. We explore an alternative approach to study the response of forest productivity to changes in tree species richness using a process-based forest succession model featuring five key advantages: (1) The model has been ...
... or niche partitioning, thus leading to a more efficient use of available resources. We explore an alternative approach to study the response of forest productivity to changes in tree species richness using a process-based forest succession model featuring five key advantages: (1) The model has been ...
An experimental demonstration of direct behavioural
... replacing the autochthonous species P. melisellensis by competitive exclusion. We used an experimental approach on newborn lizards to test the hypothesis that direct behavioural interference occurs between P. sicula and P. melisellensis, whereby the former obtains an advantage over the latter. Brief ...
... replacing the autochthonous species P. melisellensis by competitive exclusion. We used an experimental approach on newborn lizards to test the hypothesis that direct behavioural interference occurs between P. sicula and P. melisellensis, whereby the former obtains an advantage over the latter. Brief ...
Supplemental Information
... kirtlandii) have not fared as well in human-dominated landscapes as their firedependent habitat has disappeared with human suppression of wildfires (Probst, 1985). They can now only be found in several counties in the northern lower peninsula of Michigan, USA. Because cowbirds are nest parasites, th ...
... kirtlandii) have not fared as well in human-dominated landscapes as their firedependent habitat has disappeared with human suppression of wildfires (Probst, 1985). They can now only be found in several counties in the northern lower peninsula of Michigan, USA. Because cowbirds are nest parasites, th ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.